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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب النكاح
Book of Marriage
باب: ما جاء في قوله تعالى: إلا ما قد سلف
Chapter: Reports on the saying of the Exalted: "Except what has already passed"
Bayhaqi 13927 — Reports on the saying of the Exalted
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدُوسٍ، وَأَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ الْكَعْبِيُّ قَالَا: ثنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ قُتَيْبَةَ، ثنا يَزِيدُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ بُكَيْرِ بْنِ مَعْرُوفٍ، عَنْ مُقَاتِلِ بْنِ حَيَّانَ قَالَ: " كَانَ إِذَا تُوُفِّيَ الرَّجُلُ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ عَمَدَ حَمِيمُ الْمَيِّتِ إِلَى امْرَأَتِهِ، فَأَلْقَى عَلَيْهَا ثَوْبًا، فَيَرِثُ نِكَاحَهَا فَيَكُونُ هُوَ أَحَقُّ بِهَا، فَلَمَّا تُوُفِّيَ أَبُو قَيْسِ بْنُ الْأَسْلَتِ عَمَدَ ابْنُهُ قَيْسٌ إِلَى امْرَأَةِ أَبِيهِ، فَتَزَوَّجَهَا، وَلَمْ يَدْخُلْ بِهَا، فَأَتَتِ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَذَكَرَتْ ذَلِكَ لَهُ فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ فِي قَيْسٍ: {وَلَا تَنْكِحُوا مَا نَكَحَ آبَاؤُكُمْ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ إِلَّا مَا قَدْ سَلَفَ} [النساء: ٢٢] قَبْلَ التَّحْرِيمِ حَتَّى ذَكَرَ تَحْرِيمَ الْأُمَّهَاتِ وَالْبَنَاتِ حَتَّى ذَكَرَ: {وَأَنْ تَجْمَعُوا بَيْنَ الْأُخْتَيْنِ إِلَّا مَا قَدْ سَلَفَ} [النساء: ٢٣] قَبْلَ التَّحْرِيمِ {إِنَّ اللهَ كَانَ غَفُورًا رَحِيمًا} [النساء: ٢٣] فِيمَا مَضَى قَبْلَ التَّحْرِيمِ ".
Muqatil bin Hayyan (may Allah have mercy on him) said: In the Jahiliyyah, when a man died, the heirs of the deceased would go to his wife, throw a garment over her and thereby inherit her marriage, and that person would have the greater right to her. When Abu Qays bin al-Aslat (may Allah be pleased with him) died, his son approached his father's wife and married her, but had not yet had intercourse with her. That lady mentioned it to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and Allah Almighty revealed this verse concerning Qays: "And do not marry those women whom your fathers have married, except what has already passed." [Surah al-Nisa: 22] before the prohibition. Then the prohibition of mothers and daughters was mentioned: "And that you combine two sisters, except what has already passed" [Surah al-Nisa: 23] before the prohibition. "Indeed, Allah is ever Forgiving, Most Merciful." [Surah al-Nisa: 23] regarding what happened before the prohibition.
