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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب النكاح
Book of Marriage
باب: الكلام الذي ينعقد به النكاح
Chapter: The words by which marriage is contracted
Bayhaqi 13818 — The words by which marriage is contracted
قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: قَالَ اللهُ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى لِنَبِيِّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: {فَلَمَّا قَضَى زَيْدٌ مِنْهَا وَطَرًا زَوَّجْنَاكَهَا} [الأحزاب: 37]، وَقَالَ تَعَالَى: {وَامْرَأَةً مُؤْمِنَةً إِنْ وَهَبَتْ نَفْسَهَا لِلنَّبِيِّ إِنْ أَرَادَ النَّبِيُّ أَنْ يَسْتَنْكِحَهَا خَالِصَةً لَكَ مِنْ دُونِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ} [الأحزاب: 50] مَعَ آيَاتٍ سِوَاهُمَا ذَكَرَهَا، قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: سَمَّى اللهُ النِّكَاحَ اسْمَيْنِ النِّكَاحَ، وَالتَّزْوِيجَ وَأَبَانَ أَنَّ الْهِبَةَ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ دُونَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "Allah, the Blessed and Exalted, said to His Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him): 'Then when Zayd had fulfilled his need of her (that is, divorced her), We married her to you' [Surah al-Ahzab: 37].
And Allah Almighty said: 'And a believing woman if she gives herself to the Prophet, if the Prophet wishes to marry her; (this is) exclusively for you, not for the (other) believers' [Surah al-Ahzab: 50]," along with some other verses besides these two that he mentioned.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "Allah Almighty has given marriage two names: nikah and tazwij, and He made clear that (marriage by) gift is only for the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), not for the other believers."
And Allah Almighty said: 'And a believing woman if she gives herself to the Prophet, if the Prophet wishes to marry her; (this is) exclusively for you, not for the (other) believers' [Surah al-Ahzab: 50]," along with some other verses besides these two that he mentioned.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "Allah Almighty has given marriage two names: nikah and tazwij, and He made clear that (marriage by) gift is only for the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), not for the other believers."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ أَبِي حَازِمِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ السَّاعِدِيِّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ جَاءَتْهُ امْرَأَةٌ، فَقَالَتْ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنِّي قَدْ وَهَبْتُ نَفْسِي لَكَ، فَقَامَتْ قِيَامًا طَوِيلًا، فَقَامَ رَجُلٌ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ زَوِّجْنِيهَا إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَكَ بِهَا حَاجَةٌ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " هَلْ عِنْدَكَ مِنْ شَيْءٍ تُصْدِقُهَا إِيَّاهُ؟ " فَقَالَ: مَا عِنْدِي إِلَّا إِزَارِي هَذَا، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " إِنَّكَ إِنْ أَعْطَيْتَهَا إِزَارَكَ جَلَسْتَ لَا إِزَارَ لَكَ، فَالْتَمِسْ شَيْئًا " قَالَ: لَا أَجِدُ شَيْئًا قَالَ: " فَالْتَمِسْ وَلَوْ خَاتَمًا مِنْ حَدِيدٍ " فَالْتَمَسَ فَلَمْ يَجِدْ شَيْئًا، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " هَلْ مَعَكَ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ شَيْءٌ؟ " قَالَ: نَعَمْ سُورَةُ كَذَا وَسُورَةُ كَذَا لِسُوَرٍ سَمَّاهَا، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " قَدْ زَوَّجْتُكَهَا بِمَا مَعَكَ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ " رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ زَائِدَةُ بْنُ قُدَامَةَ، وَفُضَيْلُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، وَعَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الدَّرَاوَرْدِيُّ وَغَيْرُهُمْ، عَنْ أَبِي حَازِمٍ، عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ " قَدْ زَوَّجْتُكَهَا "، وَقَالَ ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي حَازِمٍ، عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ فِي إِحْدَى الرِّوَايَتَيْنِ عَنْهُ: " قَدْ أَنْكَحْتُكَهَا عَلَى مَا مَعَكَ مِنَ ⦗٢٣٣⦘ الْقُرْآنِ "، وَقَالَ فِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى عَنْهُ: " قَدْ زَوَّجْتُكَهَا بِمَا مَعَكَ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ ".
Sayyiduna Sahl bin Sa'd al-Sa'idi (may Allah be pleased with him) says that a woman came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: "O Messenger of Allah, I have given myself to you as a gift." She remained standing for a long time; then a man stood up and said: "O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), if you have no need of her, then marry her to me." He (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: "Do you have anything to give as a dower?" He said: "(Only) this lower garment of mine." He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "If you give her this garment, you will have no garment left; look for something else." He said: "I cannot find anything." He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Look for even an iron ring." Despite searching he found nothing. He (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: "Do you know any part of the Qur'an?" He said: "Such-and-such surahs," and he named them. Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "I have married her to you for the Qur'an (that is, teach her the Qur'an)."
(b) Sayyiduna Sahl bin Sa'd (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates in one of two narrations that he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "I have married her to you in return for what you know of the Qur'an."
(c) In another narration he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "I have married her to you in return for what you have of the Qur'an."
(b) Sayyiduna Sahl bin Sa'd (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates in one of two narrations that he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "I have married her to you in return for what you know of the Qur'an."
(c) In another narration he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "I have married her to you in return for what you have of the Qur'an."
