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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب النكاح
Book of Marriage
باب: اعتبار الكفاءة
Chapter: Taking compatibility into account
Bayhaqi 13756 — Taking compatibility into account
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدُوسٍ، ثنا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الدَّارِمِيُّ، ثنا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، ثنا جَرِيرٌ، ح. وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ، ثنا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، ثنا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، أنبأ جَرِيرٌ، ثنا هِشَامٌ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا قَالَتْ: كَاتَبَتْ بَرِيرَةُ عَلَى نَفْسِهَا تِسْعَةَ أَوَاقٍ فِي كُلِّ سَنَةٍ أُوقِيَّةٌ فَأَتَتْ عَائِشَةَ تَسْتَعِينُهَا، فَقَالَتْ: لَا، إِلَّا أَنْ يَشَاءُوا أَنْ أَعُدَّهَا لَهُمْ عَدَّةً وَاحِدَةً وَيَكُونَ الْوَلَاءُ لِي، فَذَهَبَتْ بَرِيرَةُ، فَكَلَّمَتْ فِي ذَلِكَ أَهْلَهَا، فَأَبَوْا عَلَيْهَا إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ الْوَلَاءُ لَهُمْ، فَجَاءَتْ إِلَى عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا أَوْ جَاءَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ، فَقَالَتْ لَهَا: مَا قَالَ أَهْلُهَا، فَقَالَتْ: لَاهَا اللهُ إِذًا إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ الْوَلَاءُ لِي، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " ابْتَاعِيهَا وَاشْتَرِطِي لَهُمُ الْوَلَاءَ، وَأَعْتِقِيهَا فَإِنَّ الْوَلَاءَ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ "، ثُمَّ قَامَ، فَخَطَبَ النَّاسَ، فَحَمِدَ اللهَ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: " مَا بَالُ أَقْوَامٍ يَشْتَرِطُونَ شُرُوطًا لَيْسَتْ فِي كِتَابِ اللهِ، يَقُولُونَ أَعْتِقْ يَا فُلَانُ الْوَلَاءُ لِي، كِتَابُ اللهِ أَحَقُّ، وَشَرْطُ اللهِ أَوْثَقُ، وَكُلُّ شَرْطٍ لَيْسَ فِي كِتَابِ اللهِ فَهُوَ بَاطِلٌ، وَإِنْ كَانَ مِائَةَ شَرْطٍ " قَالَتْ: وَخَيَّرَهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنْ زَوْجِهَا وَكَانَ عَبْدًا وَاخْتَارَتْ نَفْسَهَا. قَالَ عُرْوَةُ: وَلَوْ كَانَ حُرًّا مَا خَيَّرَهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَفِيهِ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى مَا قَصَدْنَاهُ بِالدَّلَالَةِ، وَعَلَى ثُبُوتِ الْوَلَاءِ لِلْمُعْتِقِ، وَأَنْ لَا وَلَاءَ لِغَيْرِ الْمُعْتِقِ، وَمِنْ أَحْكَامِ الْوَلَاءِ ثُبُوتُ وِلَايَةِ النِّكَاحِ لِمَنْ لَهُ الْوَلَاءُ عِنْدَ عَدَمِ الْمُنَاسِبِ، وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ، وَفِي اعْتِبَارِ الْكَفَاءَةِ أَحَادِيثُ أُخَرُ لَا تَقُومُ بِأَكْثَرِهَا الْحُجَّةُ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ مِنْهَا، وَهُوَ أَمْثَلُهَا مَا.
Hisham narrates from his father, and he from Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her), that Barirah made a contract (mukatabah) for her freedom for 9 uqiyahs, one uqiyah to be paid each year. She came to Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) seeking her help, and Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: If they wish, I will pay the price all at once, and the wala' will be mine. Barirah went and spoke to her people; they refused, except on the condition that the wala' be theirs. Barirah came to Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her), and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) also came there. Barirah came and told Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) what they had said, and Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: This is only possible if the wala' is mine. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Buy her, stipulate the wala' (for them), and set her free, for the wala' belongs to the one who sets free." Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) addressed the people; he praised and extolled Allah and said: "What is wrong with people who stipulate conditions that are not in the Book of Allah? They say: 'O so-and-so, set (him) free, and the wala' will be mine.' The Book of Allah is more truthful, the conditions of Allah are more reliable, and any condition that is not in the Book of Allah is void, even if it be a hundred conditions." Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) gave Barirah the choice regarding her husband. Her husband was a slave, so Barirah chose herself (that is, she separated from him). Urwah said: If he had been free, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) would not have given Barirah the choice.
(b) The narration of Ishaq bin Ibrahim is in (Sahih) Muslim. It contains the evidence we intended, and (shows) that the wala' belongs only to the one who sets free, not to anyone else. Among the rulings of wala' is that guardianship in marriage is also established (for the holder of the wala') when no related guardian exists.
There are other hadiths too regarding the consideration of kafa'ah (equality in marriage), but it is not correct to take them as proof. (And Allah knows best.)
(b) The narration of Ishaq bin Ibrahim is in (Sahih) Muslim. It contains the evidence we intended, and (shows) that the wala' belongs only to the one who sets free, not to anyone else. Among the rulings of wala' is that guardianship in marriage is also established (for the holder of the wala') when no related guardian exists.
There are other hadiths too regarding the consideration of kafa'ah (equality in marriage), but it is not correct to take them as proof. (And Allah knows best.)
