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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب قسم الصدقات
Book of the Division of Sadaqah
باب: ما يستدل به على أن الفقير أمس حاجة من المسكين
Chapter: What indicates that the poor (faqir) is in greater need than the needy (miskin)
Bayhaqi 13152 — What indicates that the poor (faqir) is in greater
اُردوEn
وَحَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مَنْصُورٍ الْمُظَفَّرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ الْعَلَوِيُّ، رَحِمَهُ اللهُ أنبأنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ مَاتِي، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَازِمٍ الْغِفَارِيُّ، ثنا ثَابِتُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْكِنَانِيُّ، ثنا الْحَارِثُ بْنُ النُّعْمَانِ اللَّيْثِيُّ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " اللهُمَّ أَحْيِنِي مِسْكِينًا، وَأَمِتْنِي مِسْكِينًا، وَاحْشُرْنِي فِي زُمْرَةِ الْمَسَاكِينِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ "، فَقَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا: وَلِمَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ؟ قَالَ: " لِأَنَّهُمْ يَدْخُلُونَ الْجَنَّةَ قَبْلَ الْأَغْنِيَاءِ بِأَرْبَعِينَ خَرِيفًا يَا عَائِشَةُ لَا تَرُدِّي الْمِسْكِينَ وَلَوْ بِشِقِّ تَمْرَةٍ يَا عَائِشَةُ أَحِبِّي الْمِسَاكِينَ وَقَرِّبِيهِمْ، فَإِنَّ اللهَ يُقَرِّبُكِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ " قَالَ أَصْحَابُنَا: فَقَدِ اسْتَعَاذَ مِنَ الْفَقْرِ وَسَأَلَ الْمَسْكَنَةَ، وَقَدْ كَانَ لَهُ بَعْضُ الْكِفَايَةِ يَدُلُّ ⦗١٩⦘ عَلَى أَنَّ الْمِسْكِينَ مَنْ لَهُ بَعْضُ الْكِفَايَةِ " قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: قَدْ رُوِيَ فِي حَدِيثِ شَيْبَانَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَّهُ اسْتَعَاذَ مِنَ الْمَسْكَنَةِ وَالْفَقْرِ، فَلَا يَجُوزُ أَنْ يَكُونَ اسْتِعَاذَتُهُ مِنَ الْحَالِ الَّتِي شَرَّفَهَا فِي أَخْبَارٍ كَثِيرَةٍ، وَلَا مِنَ الْحَالِ الَّتِي سَأَلَ أَنْ يُحْيَى وَيُمَاتَ عَلَيْهَا، وَلَا يَجُوزُ أَنْ يَكُونَ مَسْأَلَتُهُ مُخَالِفَةً لِمَا مَاتَ صَلَى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِ، فَقَدْ مَاتَ مَكْفِيًّا بِمَا أَفَاءَ اللهُ تَعَالَى عَلَيْهِ وَوَجْهُ هَذِهِ الْأَحَادِيثِ عِنْدِي، وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُ اسْتَعَاذَ مِنْ فِتْنَتِهِ الْفَقْرِ وَالْمَسْكَنَةِ اللَّذَيْنِ يَرْجِعُ مَعْنَاهُمَا إِلَى الْقِلَّةِ كَمَا اسْتَعَاذَ مِنْ فِتْنَةِ الْغِنَى.
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Anas bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "O Allah, keep me alive with the needy, let my death come with the needy, and raise me on the Day of Resurrection with the needy." Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) asked: Why, O Prophet of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)? He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Because they will enter Paradise forty years before the rich. O Aishah, do not turn a needy person away, even if it is only with half a date. O Aishah, love the needy and draw close to them; indeed Allah Almighty will draw you close to Himself on the Day of Resurrection."
(b) Our companions (scholars) said: He (peace and blessings be upon him) sought refuge from poverty and asked for neediness (maskanah), while he (peace and blessings be upon him) had something to live on that sufficed him. This indicates that the miskin is one who has a little wealth for his sufficiency.
(c) The Shaykh said: In the narration of Sayyiduna Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) it is reported that he (peace and blessings be upon him) sought refuge from neediness and poverty. It is not possible that he sought refuge from the state whose honour he (peace and blessings be upon him) described in many hadiths, nor from the state in which he asked to live and die; and it is not possible that his (peace and blessings be upon him) supplication contradicted the state in which he died, for he (peace and blessings be upon him) died provided with sufficiency through what Allah Almighty granted him. In my view, the explanation of these hadiths is that he (peace and blessings be upon him) sought refuge from the trial of poverty and neediness, whose meaning comes back to scarcity, just as he sought refuge from the trial of wealth. And Allah knows best.
(b) Our companions (scholars) said: He (peace and blessings be upon him) sought refuge from poverty and asked for neediness (maskanah), while he (peace and blessings be upon him) had something to live on that sufficed him. This indicates that the miskin is one who has a little wealth for his sufficiency.
(c) The Shaykh said: In the narration of Sayyiduna Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) it is reported that he (peace and blessings be upon him) sought refuge from neediness and poverty. It is not possible that he sought refuge from the state whose honour he (peace and blessings be upon him) described in many hadiths, nor from the state in which he asked to live and die; and it is not possible that his (peace and blessings be upon him) supplication contradicted the state in which he died, for he (peace and blessings be upon him) died provided with sufficiency through what Allah Almighty granted him. In my view, the explanation of these hadiths is that he (peace and blessings be upon him) sought refuge from the trial of poverty and neediness, whose meaning comes back to scarcity, just as he sought refuge from the trial of wealth. And Allah knows best.
