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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب قسم الفيء والغنيمة
Book of the Division of Fai and Spoils of War
باب: السنة في كتبة أسامي أهل الفيء
Chapter: The Sunnah in recording the names of those entitled to fay
Bayhaqi 13070 — The Sunnah in recording the names of those entitled
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْفَضْلِ الْقَطَّانُ بِبَغْدَادَ، أنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ دَرَسْتَوَيْهِ، ثنا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ، أنا عَبْدُ اللهِ يَعْنِي ابْنَ الْمُبَارَكِ، أنبأ عُبَيْدُ اللهِ بْنُ مَوْهَبٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عُبَيْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ مَوْهَبٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ يَقُولُ: قَدِمْتُ عَلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ مِنْ عِنْدِ أَبِي مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيِّ بِثَمَانِمِائَةِ أَلْفِ دِرْهَمٍ، فَقَالَ لِي: " بِمَاذَا قَدِمْتَ؟ " قُلْتُ: قَدِمْتُ بِثَمَانِمِائَةِ أَلْفِ دِرْهَمٍ، فَقَالَ: " إِنَّمَا قَدِمْتَ بِثَمَانِينَ أَلْفِ دِرْهَمٍ "، قُلْتُ: بَلْ قَدِمْتُ بِثَمَانِمِائَةِ أَلْفِ دِرْهَمٍ، قَالَ: " أَلَمْ أَقُلْ لَكَ إِنَّكَ يَمَانٍ أَحْمَقُ، إِنَّمَا قَدِمْتَ بِثَمَانِينَ أَلْفِ دِرْهَمٍ، فَكَمْ ثَمَانُمِائَةِ أَلْفٍ؟ " فَعَدَدْتُ مِائَةَ أَلْفٍ وَمِائَةَ أَلْفٍ حَتَّى عَدَدْتُ ثَمَانَمِائَةِ أَلْفٍ، قَالَ: " أَطَيِّبٌ؟ وَيْلَكَ " قُلْتُ: نَعَمْ، قَالَ: فَبَاتَ عُمَرُ لَيْلَتَهُ أَرِقًا، حَتَّى إِذَا نُودِيَ بِصَلَاةِ الصُّبْحِ قَالَتْ لَهُ امْرَأَتُهُ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، مَا نِمْتَ اللَّيْلَة، قَالَ: كَيْفَ يَنَامُ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ وَقَدْ جَاءَ النَّاسَ مَا لَمْ يَكُنْ يَأْتِيهِمْ مِثْلُهُ مُنْذُ كَانَ الْإِسْلَامُ، فَمَا يُؤْمِنُ عُمَرَ لَوْ هَلَكَ وَذَلِكَ الْمَالُ عِنْدَهُ فَلَمْ يَضَعْهُ فِي حَقِّهِ. فَلَمَّا صَلَّى الصُّبْحَ اجْتَمَعَ إِلَيْهِ نَفَرٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقَالَ لَهُمْ: " إِنَّهُ قَدْ جَاءَ النَّاسَ اللَّيْلَةَ مَا لَمْ يَكُنْ يَأْتِيهِمْ مُنْذُ كَانَ الْإِسْلَامُ، وَقَدْ رَأَيْتُ رَأْيًا فَأَشِيرُوا عَلَيَّ، رَأَيْتُ أَنْ أَكِيلَ لِلنَّاسِ بِالْمِكْيَالِ "، فَقَالُوا: لَا تَفْعَلْ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ؛ إِنَّ النَّاسَ يَدْخُلُونَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ وَيَكْثُرُ الْمَالُ، وَلَكِنْ أَعْطِهِمْ عَلَى كِتَابٍ، فَكُلَّمَا كَثُرَ النَّاسُ وكَثُرَ الْمَالُ أَعْطَيْتَهُمْ عَلَيْهِ، قَالَ: " فَأَشِيرُوا عَلَيَّ بِمَنْ أَبْدَأُ مِنْهُمْ "، قَالُوا: بِكَ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ؛ إِنَّكَ وَلِيُّ ⦗٥٩٢⦘ ذَلِكَ، وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ قَالَ: أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَعْلَمُ، قَالَ: " لَا، وَلَكِنْ أَبْدَأُ بِرَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، ثُمَّ الْأَقْرَبِ فَالْأَقْرَبِ إِلَيْهِ ". فَوَضَعَ الدِّيوَانَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ قَالَ عُبَيْدُ اللهِ: بَدَأَ بِهَاشِمٍ وَالْمُطَّلِبِ فَأَعْطَاهُمْ جَمِيعًا، ثُمَّ أَعْطَى بَنِي عَبْدِ شَمْسٍ، ثُمَّ بَنِي نَوْفَلِ بْنِ عَبْدِ مَنَافٍ، وَإِنَّمَا بَدَأَ بِبَنِي عَبْدِ شَمْسٍ؛ أَنَّهُ كَانَ أَخَا هَاشِمٍ لِأُمِّهِ. قَالَ عُبَيْدُ اللهِ: أَوَّلُ مَنْ فَرَّقَ بَيْنَ بَنِي هَاشِمٍ وَبَنِي الْمُطَّلِبِ فِي الدَّعْوَةِ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ، فَذَكَرَ فِي ذَلِكَ قِصَّةً.
Ubaydullah bin Abdullah bin Mawhab said: I heard Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) saying: I came to Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) from Sayyiduna Abu Musa (may Allah be pleased with him) with eight hundred thousand dirhams. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) asked me: What have you brought? I said: Eight hundred thousand dirhams. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: You have brought eighty thousand dirhams? I said: Rather, I have brought eight hundred thousand dirhams. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Did I not tell you that you are a foolish Yemeni? You have brought eighty thousand dirhams; so how much is eight hundred thousand? So I counted it out a hundred thousand at a time until I had completed it. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) asked: Is it good (lawful)? Woe to you! I said: Yes. So Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) spent the night sleepless, until the call was given for the morning prayer, and his wife said: O Commander of the Believers! You did not sleep last night. He said: How could Umar sleep when such wealth has come as never came before? What would make Umar safe if he were to die while that wealth was with him and he had not spent it where it is due? When he had led the morning prayer, a group of the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) gathered around him. He said to them: Last night such wealth came as has never come before in Islam, and I have formed an opinion, so advise me: my view is that I should measure it out to the people by the measure. They said: O Commander of the Believers! Do not do so; people are entering Islam and wealth is increasing; rather, give according to a register, so that whenever the people increase and the wealth increases, you give to them accordingly. He said: Then advise me, with whom should I begin? They said: O Commander of the Believers! Begin with yourself, for you are the caliph; and some said: The Commander of the Believers knows best. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: No, rather I will begin with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), then those who are closest (to him). So the register (diwan) was set up. Ubaydullah said: He began with Hashim and al-Muttalib and gave all of them, then he gave Banu Abd Shams, then Banu Nawfal; and he began with Banu Abd Shams because he (Abd Shams) was Hashim's brother through his mother. Ubaydullah said: The first to make a distinction between Banu Hashim and Banu al-Muttalib was Abd al-Malik.
