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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب قسم الفيء والغنيمة
Book of the Division of Fai and Spoils of War
باب: ما جاء في سهم الراجل والفارس
Chapter: Reports on the share of the foot soldier and the horseman
Bayhaqi 12879 — Reports on the share of the foot soldier
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ، ثنا يُونُسُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ ⦗٥٣٢⦘ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ قَالَ: " لَمْ يَقَعِ الْقَسْمُ وَلَا السَّهْمُ إِلَّا فِي غَزَاةِ بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ، وَكَانَتِ الْخَيْلُ يَوْمَئِذٍ سِتَّةً وَثَلَاثِينَ فَرَسًا، فَفِيهَا أَعْلَمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ سُهْمَانَ الْخَيْلِ وَسُهْمَانَ الرِّجَالِ. فَعَلَى سُنَّتِهَا جَرَتِ الْمَقَاسِمُ، فَجَعَلَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَوْمَئِذٍ لِلْفَارِسِ وَفَرَسِهِ ثَلَاثَةَ أَسْهُمٍ؛ لَهُ سَهْمٌ، وَلِفَرَسِهِ سَهْمَانِ، وَلِلرَّاجِلِ سَهْمًا، فَأَمَّا يَوْمُ بَدْرٍ فَلَمْ يَقَعْ فِيهِ السُّهْمَانُ، وَلَمْ تَحْلِلْ لَهُمْ فِيهِ الْمَغَانِمُ، حَتَّى كَانَ فِيهِ مِنَ اللهِ مَا كَانَ، فَأَحَلَّهَا لَهُمْ بَعْدَ أَنْ كَادَ النَّاسُ يَهْلِكُوا، فَقَالَ {لَوْلَا كِتَابٌ مِنَ اللهِ سَبَقَ} [الأنفال: ٦٨] إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَتَيْنِ، ثُمَّ كَانَ يَوْمُ أُحُدٍ فَكَانَ عَامَ مُصِيبَةٍ، ثُمَّ كَانَ عَامُ الْخَنْدَقِ فَكَانَ عَامَ حِصَارٍ، ثُمَّ كَانَتْ بَنُو قُرَيْظَةَ فَعَلَى سُنَّتِهَا جَرَتِ الْمَقَاسِمُ إِلَى يَوْمِكَ هَذَا ".
Abdullah bin Abi Bakr bin Muhammad bin Amr bin Hazm (may Allah have mercy on him) says: The division (of spoils) and the shares took place in the expedition against Banu Qurayzah. On that day there were thirty-six horses. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) fixed two shares for a horse and one share each for the foot soldiers. The method of division proceeded on this. On that day the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) fixed three shares for the horseman and his horse (one share for him and two shares for the horse), and also fixed one share for the foot soldier. But on the day of Badr shares did not take place, nor were the spoils lawful for them then, until the people were about to perish. Then Allah Almighty made them lawful for them, saying: "Had there not been a prior decree from Allah" [Surah al-Anfal: 68] to the end of the two verses. Then the day of Uhud was a year of calamity, then the year of the Trench was a year of siege. Then came the expedition against Banu Qurayzah, and from it the practice of division has continued until today.
