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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الوصايا
Book of Wills
باب: العول في الوصايا، وإجازة الورثة وصيته لوارث أو ما زاد على الثلث
Chapter: Proportional reduction in bequests, and the heirs permitting a bequest to an heir or of more than a third
Bayhaqi 12593 — Proportional reduction in bequests, and the heirs
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْقَطَّانُ بِبَغْدَادَ، أنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، ثنا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، ثنا أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ أَبُو عَاصِمٍ، وَهُوَ ثِقَةٌ، قَالَ: قَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ: " تَعْلَمُ الْفَرَائِضَ؟ قُلْتُ: نَعَمْ، قَالَ: " تَعْرِفُ رَفْعَ السِّهَامِ؟ " قُلْتُ: نَعَمْ، قَالَ: " تَعْلَمُ الْوَصَايَا؟ " قُلْتُ: نَعَمْ، قَالَ: " مَا تَرَى فِي رَجُلٍ أَوْصَى بِثُلُثِ مَالِهِ لِرَجُلٍ، وَرُبْعَ مَالِهِ لِآخَرَ، وَنِصْفَ مَالِهِ لِآخَرَ؟ " فَلَمْ أَدْرِ، فَقُلْتُ: إِنَّ ذَاكَ لَا يَجُوزُ، إِنَّمَا يَجُوزُ لَهُ مِنْ مَالِهِ الثُّلُثُ، قَالَ: " فَإِنَّ الْوَرَثَةَ أَجَازُوهُ "، قُلْتُ: لَا أَدْرِي، قَالَ: " فَأُعَلِّمُكَ؟ " قُلْتُ: نَعَمْ، قَالَ: " انْظُرْ مَالًا لَهُ نِصْفٌ وَثُلُثٌ وَرُبُعٌ "، قُلْتُ: فَذَا اثْنَا عَشَرَ، قَالَ: " فَنَعَمْ، فَتَأْخُذُ نِصْفَهُ سِتَّةً، وَثُلُثَهُ أَرْبَعَةً، وَرُبُعَهُ ثَلَاثَةً، فَيَكُونُ ثَلَاثَةَ عَشَرَ سَهْمًا، فَيُقْسَمُ الْمَالُ عَلَى ثَلَاثَةَ عَشَرَ سَهْمًا، فَيُعْطَى صَاحِبُ النِّصْفِ مَا أَصَابَ سِتَّةً، وَصَاحِبُ الثُّلُثِ مَا أَصَابَ أَرْبَعَةً، وَصَاحِبُ الرُّبْعِ مَا أَصَابَ ثَلَاثَةً، فَذَاكَ كَذَاكَ "، قُلْتُ: نَعَمْ.
Muhammad bin Abi Ayyub (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Ibrahim (may Allah have mercy on him) said to me: Do you know the shares of inheritance (fara'id)? I said: Yes. Ibrahim (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Do you know about the shares? I said: Yes. Ibrahim (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Do you know about bequests? I said: Yes. Ibrahim (may Allah have mercy on him) said: What is your view about a man who bequeaths a third of his wealth to one person, a quarter to another and a half of his wealth to someone else? I said: That is not permissible; he is only permitted a third of his wealth. Ibrahim (may Allah have mercy on him) said: What if the heirs permit it? I said: I do not know. Ibrahim (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Shall I teach you? I said: Yes. Ibrahim (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Look for an amount that has a half, a third and a quarter. I said: That is twelve. Ibrahim (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Yes. Its half is six, its third is four and its quarter is three shares, so that makes thirteen shares. The wealth will be divided into thirteen shares: the one with the half will be given six shares, the one with the third four shares and the one with the quarter three shares. I said: Yes.
