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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الفرائض
Book of Inheritance
باب: نسخ التوارث بالتحالف وغيره
Chapter: The abrogation of inheritance through alliance and the like
Bayhaqi 12531 — The abrogation of inheritance through alliance
اُردوEn
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، ثنا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ الْمُزَنِيُّ، أنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، ثنا أَبُو الْيَمَانِ، أَخْبَرَنِي شُعَيْبٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ قَالَ: قَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ: " نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ {وَلِكُلٍّ جَعَلْنَا مَوَالِيَ مِمَّا تَرَكَ الْوَالِدَانِ وَالْأَقْرَبُونَ} [النساء: ٣٣] فِي الَّذِينَ كَانُوا يَتَبَنَّوْنَ رِجَالًا غَيْرَ أَبْنَائِهِمْ وَيُوَرِّثُونَهُمْ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ فِيهِمْ أَنْ يَجْعَلَ لَهُمْ نَصِيبًا فِي الْوَصِيَّةِ، وَرَدَّ اللهُ الْمِيرَاثَ فِي الْمَوَالِي وَفِي الرَّحِمِ وَالْعَصَبَةِ، وَأَبَى أَنْ يَجْعَلَ لِلْمُدَّعِينَ مِيرَاثًا مِمَّنِ ادَّعَاهُمْ وَتَبَنَّاهُمْ، وَلَكِنْ جَعَلَ لَهُمْ نَصِيبًا فِي الْوَصِيَّةِ، فَكَانَ مَا تَعَاقَدُوا عَلَيْهِ فِي الْمِيرَاثِ الَّذِي رَدَّ اللهُ عَلَيْنَا فِيهِ أَمْرَهُمْ ".
Sa'id bin al-Musayyab (may Allah have mercy on him) said: This verse, "And for each We have appointed heirs of what parents and near relatives leave" [Surah al-Nisa': 33], was revealed about those people who used to adopt men other than their own sons and make them their heirs. Allah Almighty revealed this verse and ordained that something be set aside for them by way of bequest. Allah Almighty returned the inheritance to the mawali, to the blood relatives and to the 'asabah (agnatic heirs), and refused that an inheritance be appointed for adopted sons, or for those who attribute themselves (to someone), but He set a share for them in the bequest. And the conditions they used to lay down regarding inheritance, Allah Almighty rejected them.
