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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الفرائض
Book of Inheritance
باب: ترتيب العصبة
Chapter: The order of the residuary heirs
Bayhaqi 12373 — The order of the residuary heirs
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْفَارِسِيُّ، أنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْخَلَّالِيُّ، أنا أَبُو يَعْلَى الْمَوْصِلِيُّ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكَّارٍ، ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ خَارِجَةَ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ مَعَانِيَ هَذِهِ الْفَرَائِضِ وَأُصُولَهَا عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، وَأَمَّا التَّفْسِيرُ فَتَفْسِيرُ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ عَلَى مَعَانِي زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، قَالَ: " الْأَخُ لِلْأُمِّ وَالْأَبِ أَوْلَى بِالْمِيرَاثِ مِنَ الْأَخِ لِلْأَبِ، وَالْأَخُ لِلْأَبِ أَوْلَى بِالْمِيرَاثِ مِنِ ابْنِ الْأَخِ لِلْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ، وَابْنُ الْأَخِ لِلْأُمِّ وَالْأَبِ أَوْلَى مِنِ ابْنِ الْأَخِ لِلْأَبِ، وَابْنُ الْأَخِ لِلْأَبِ أَوْلَى مِنِ ابْنِ ابْنِ الْأَخِ لِلْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ، وَابْنُ الْأَخِ لِلْأَبِ أَوْلَى مِنَ الْعَمِّ أَخِي الْأَبِ لِلْأُمِّ وَالْأَبِ، وَالْعَمُّ أَخُو الْأَبِ لِلْأُمِّ وَالْأَبِ أَوْلَى ⦗٣٩٢⦘ مِنَ الْعَمِّ أَخِي الْأَبِ لِلْأَبِ، وَالْعَمُّ أَخُو الْأَبِ لِلْأَبِ أَوْلَى مِنِ ابْنِ الْعَمِّ أَخِي الْأَبِ لِلْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ، وَابْنُ الْعَمِّ لِلْأَبِ أَوْلَى مِنْ عَمِّ الْأَبِ أَخِي أَبِي الْأَبِ لِلْأُمِّ وَالْأَبِ، وَكُلُّ شَيْءٍ سُئِلَ عَنْهُ مِنْ مِيرَاثِ الْعَصَبَةِ فَإِنَّهُ عَلَى نَحْوِ هَذَا، فَمَا سُئِلْتَ عَنْهُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَانْسِبِ الْمُتَوَفَّى وَانْسِبْ مَنْ تَنَازَعَ فِي الْوَلَايَةِ مِنْ عَصَبَتِهِ، فَإِنْ وَجَدْتَ أَحَدًا مِنْهُمْ يَلْقَى الْمُتَوَفَّى إِلَى أَبٍ لَا يَلْقَاهُ مَنْ سِوَاهُ مِنْهُمْ إِلَّا إِلَى أَبٍ فَوْقَ ذَلِكَ، فَاجْعَلِ الْمِيرَاثَ لِلَّذِي يَلْقَاهُ إِلَى الْأَبِ الْأَدْنَى دُونَ الْآخَرِينَ، وَإِذَا وَجَدْتَهُمْ كُلَّهُمْ يَلْقَوْنَهُ إِلَى أَبٍ وَاحِدٍ يَجْمَعُهُمْ فَانْظُرْ أَقْعَدَهُمْ فِي النَّسَبِ، فَإِنْ كَانَ ابْنُ ابْنٍ فَقَطْ فَاجْعَلِ الْمِيرَاثَ لَهُ دُونَ الْأَطْرَفِ، فَإِنْ كَانَ الْأَطْرَافُ ابْنَ أُمٍّ وَأَبٍ فَإِنْ وَجَدْتَهُمْ مُسْتَوِينَ يَتَنَاسَبُونَ فِي عَدَدِ الْآبَاءِ إِلَى عَدَدٍ وَاحِدٍ حَتَّى يَلْقَوْا نَسَبَ الْمُتَوَفَّى، وَكَانُوا كُلُّهُمْ بَنِي أَبٍ أَوْ بَنِي أَبٍ وَأُمٍّ، فَاجْعَلِ الْمِيرَاثَ بَيْنَهُمْ بِالسَّوَاءِ، وَإِنْ كَانَ وَالِدُ بَعْضِهِمْ أَخَا وَالِدِ ذَلِكَ الْمُتَوَفَّى لِأَبِيهِ وَأُمِّهِ، وَكَانَ وَالِدُ مَنْ سِوَاهُ إِنَّمَا هُوَ أَخُو وَالِدِ ذَلِكَ الْمُتَوَفَّى لِأَبِيهِ فَقَطْ، فَإِنَّ الْمِيرَاثَ لِبَنِي الْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ دُونَ بَنِي الْأَبِ، وَالْجَدُّ أَبُو الْأَبِ أَوْلَى مِنِ ابْنِ الْأَخِ لِلْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ، وَأَوْلَى مِنَ الْعَمِّ أَخِي الْأَبِ لِلْأُمِّ وَالْأَبِ ".
Kharijah bin Zayd (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates from his father that he said: A full brother has more right to inheritance than a paternal half-brother; a paternal half-brother has more right to inheritance than a full brother's son; a full brother's son has more right than a paternal half-brother's son; a paternal half-brother's son has more right than the son of a full brother's son; a paternal half-brother's son has more right than a full paternal uncle; a full paternal uncle has more right than a paternal half-uncle (through the father only); a paternal half-uncle has more right than the son of a full paternal uncle; and the son of a paternal half-uncle has more right than the father's full paternal uncle. The inheritance of the 'asabah (agnatic heirs) follows this same method. So whatever question is put to you, trace the lineage of the deceased and trace the lineage of whoever is disputing (the inheritance). If you find one of them meeting the deceased through a father while you find the others meeting him only through a father further up, give the inheritance to the one who meets him through the nearer father, to the exclusion of the others. If you find that they all meet him through one father, see which of them is nearest in lineage. If there is only a son's son, give the inheritance to him to the exclusion of the others. If among them there is a son of the same mother and father, and you find them equal, matching in the number of forefathers up to one ancestor until their lineage reaches the deceased, and they are all children of the father, or children of the father and mother, then the inheritance will be shared equally between them. If the father of some of them was the deceased's father's brother through both father and mother, and the father of another was the deceased's father's brother through the father only, then the inheritance will go to the children of the full brother. And the grandfather has more right than the children of the full brother, and more right than the full paternal uncle.
