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Bayhaqi 11724 — Explanation of what is prohibited

أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ يَحْيَى بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ السُّكَّرِيُّ بِبَغْدَادَ، ثنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أنبأ الثَّوْرِيُّ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، عَنْ أُسَيْدٍ هُوَ ابْنُ ظُهَيْرٍ ابْنُ أَخِي رَافِعِ بْنِ خَدِيجٍ قَالَ: كَانَ أَحَدُنَا إِذَا اسْتَغْنَى عَنْ أَرْضِهِ أَعْطَاهَا بِالثُّلُثِ وَالرُّبُعِ وَالنِّصْفِ، وَيَشْتَرِطُ ثَلَاثَ جَدَاوِلَ، وَيَشْتَرِطُ الْقُصَارَةَ وَمَا سَقَى الرَّبِيعُ، وَكَانَ الْعَيْشُ إِذْ ذَاكَ شَدِيدًا، قَالَ: وَكُنَّا نَعْمَلُ فِيهَا بِالْحَدِيدِ وَبِمَا شَاءَ اللهُ، وَنُصِيبُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ مَنْفَعَةً، فَأَتَانَا رَافِعُ بْنُ خَدِيجٍ فَقَالَ: إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَنْهَاكُمْ عَنْ أَمْرٍ كَانَ لَكُمْ نَافِعًا، وَطَاعَةُ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنْفَعُ لَكُمْ؛ فَإِنَّهُ يَنْهَاكُمْ عَنِ الْحَقْلِ وَيَقُولُ: " مَنِ اسْتَغْنَى عَنْ أَرْضِهِ فَلْيَمْنَحْهَا أَخَاهُ، أَوْ لَيَدَعْ "، وَيَنْهَاكُمْ عَنِ الْمُزَابَنَةِ، وَالْمُزَابَنَةُ: أَنْ يَكُونَ لِلرَّجُلِ الْمَالُ الْعَظِيمُ مِنَ النَّخْلِ فَيَأْتِيهِ الرَّجُلُ فَيَقُولُ: قَدْ أَخَذْتُهُ بِكَذَا وَكَذَا وَسْقِ تَمْرٍ.
Sayyiduna Usayd bin Zuhayr (may Allah be pleased with him), the nephew of Sayyiduna Rafi' bin Khadij (may Allah be pleased with him), said: When one of us had no need of his land, he would give it out for a third, a quarter or a half, stipulating three water channels, the chaff, what the spring water irrigated, and the produce; and life was hard then. We worked the lands with iron tools, and from whatever Allah willed we would obtain benefit. Then Sayyiduna Rafi' bin Khadij (may Allah be pleased with him) came to us and said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) has forbidden you a practice that was of benefit to you, but obedience to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) is of greater benefit to you; he (peace and blessings be upon him) has forbidden you muhaqalah and said: "Whoever has no need of his land, let him give it to his brother or leave it." And he forbade you muzabanah, and muzabanah is that a man has an orchard, then another man comes and says: I take it for so many wasqs of dates.
Hadith Reference السنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب المزارعة / 11724
Hadith Grading محدثین: ابن ماجه 2460
Hadith Takhrij «ابن ماجه 2460»