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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الشفعة
Book of Pre-emption
باب: الشفعة فيما لم يقسم
Chapter: Pre-emption in what has not been divided
Bayhaqi 11577 — Pre-emption in what has not been divided
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الْكَارِزِيُّ، ثنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ ⦗١٧٤⦘ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ قَالَ: قَالَ أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ فِي حَدِيثِ عُثْمَانَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: " إِذَا وَقَعَتِ السُّهْمَانُ فَلَا مُكَابَلَةَ " قَالَ الْأَصْمَعِيُّ: الْمُكَابَلَةُ تَكُونُ مِنَ الْحَبْسِ، يَقُولُ: إِذَا حُدَّتِ الْحُدُودُ فَلَا يُحْبَسُ أَحَدٌ عَنْ حَقِّهِ، وَأَصْلُ هَذَا مِنَ الْكَبْلِ وَهُوَ الْقَيْدُ قَالَ أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ: وَالَّذِي فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ مِنَ الْفِقْهِ أَنَّ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ كَانَ لَا يَرَى الشُّفْعَةَ لِلْجَارِ، إِنَّمَا يَرَاهَا لِلْخَلِيطِ الْمُشَارِكِ، وَهُوَ بَيِّنٌ فِي حَدِيثٍ لَهُ آخَرَ قَالَ أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ: حَدَّثَنَاهُ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُمَارَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ حَزْمٍ أَوْ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ حَزْمٍ، الشَّكُّ مِنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَبَانَ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: لَا شُفْعَةَ فِي بِئْرٍ وَلَا فَحْلٍ، وَالَأرَفُ يَقْطَعُ كُلَّ شُفْعَةٍ قَالَ ابْنُ إِدْرِيسَ: الَأرَفُ: الْمَعَالِمُ وَقَالَ الْأَصْمَعِيُّ: هِيَ الْمَعَالِمُ وَالْحُدُودُ، قَالَ: وَهَذَا كَلَامُ أَهْلِ الْحِجَازِ، يُقَالُ مِنْهُ: أَرَفْتَ الدَّارَ وَالْأَرْضَ تَأْرِيفًا، إِذَا قَسَّمْتَهَا وَحَدَّدْتَهَا قَالَ ابْنُ إِدْرِيسَ: وَقَوْلُهُ: لَا شُفْعَةَ فِي بِئْرٍ وَلَا فَحْلٍ، أَظُنُّ الْفَحْلَ فَحْلَ النَّخْلِ، وَرُوِّينَا فِي ذَلِكَ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، وَسُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، وَعُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ.
It is reported from Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) that when the shares have been allotted, there is no restraint. Al-Asma'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Restraint comes from holding back; when the boundaries have been set, no one can be held back from his right, and the word 'al-kabl' means a fetter. Abu Ubayd (may Allah have mercy on him) said that Sayyiduna Uthman bin Affan (may Allah be pleased with him) did not hold the right of pre-emption for a neighbour; he held that the right of pre-emption is for a partner. It is also reported from Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) that there is no pre-emption in a well nor in a stud (fahl), and demarcation ends every right of pre-emption. Abdullah bin Idris (may Allah have mercy on him) said: 'Uruf' means boundary markers. Al-Asma'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: They are markers and boundaries; this is the speech of the people of the Hijaz, and from it is also said: 'arraftu al-dar wa al-ard ta'rifan' "when I divided it and demarcated it." Ibn Idris (may Allah have mercy on him) said: In his saying 'la shuf'ata fi bi'rin wa la fahl' (there is no pre-emption in a well nor in a stud), I think 'fahl' means the male date palm.
