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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب التفليس
Book of Bankruptcy
باب: ما جاء في بيع الحر المفلس في دينه
Chapter: Reports on selling a bankrupt free man for his debt
Bayhaqi 11275 — Reports on selling a bankrupt free man for his debt
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ الْفَقِيهُ، ح وَأنبأ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ ⦗٨٤⦘ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عِيسَى الْحِيرِيُّ، قَالَا: ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ خُزَيْمَةَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ، ثنا عَبْدُ الصَّمَدِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَارِثِ، ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ، ثنا زَيْدُ بْنُ أَسْلَمَ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ شَيْخًا بِالْإِسْكَنْدَرِيَّةِ يُقَالُ لَهُ سُرَّقٌ، فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: مَا هَذَا الِاسْمُ؟ فَقَالَ: اسْمٌ سَمَّانِيهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَلَنْ أَدَعَهُ، قُلْتُ: وَلِمَ سَمَّاكَ؟ قَالَ: قَدِمْتُ الْمَدِينَةَ فَأَخْبَرْتُهُمْ أَنَّ مَالِي يَقْدَمُ، فَبَايَعُونِي، فَاسْتَهْلَكْتُ أَمْوَالَهُمْ، فَأَتَوْا بِيَ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقَالَ: " أَنْتَ سُرَّقٌ "، فَبَاعَنِي بِأَرْبَعَةِ أَبْعِرَةٍ، فَقَالَ الْغُرَمَاءُ لِلَّذِي اشْتَرَانِي: مَا تَصْنَعُ بِهِ؟ قَالَ: " أُعْتِقُهُ "، قَالُوا: فَلَسْنَا بِأَزْهَدَ فِي الْأَجْرِ مِنْكَ، فَأَعْتَقُونِي بَيْنَهُمْ، وَبَقِيَ اسْمِي وَبِمَعْنَاهُ رَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ وَعَبْدُ اللهِ ابْنَا زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِمَا، أَتَمَّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ فِي اشْتِرَائِهِ مِنْ أَعْرَابِيٍّ نَاقَةً، وَاسْتِهْلَاكِهِ ثَمَنَهَا. وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ الزَّنْجِيُّ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْبَيْلَمَانِيِّ، عَنْ سُرَّقٍ، قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ: وَرَوَاهُ شَيْخُنَا فِي الْمُسْتَدْرَكِ فِيمَا لَمْ نَقْرَأْ عَلَيْهِ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ عَتَّابٍ الْعَبْدِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الصَّمَدِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْبَيْلَمَانِيِّ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ شَيْخًا فِي الْإِسْكَنْدَرِيَّةِ، فَذَكَرَهُ أَتَمَّ مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ بَشَّارٍ، وَمَدَارُ حَدِيثِ سُرَّقٍ عَلَى هَؤُلَاءِ، وَكُلُّهُمْ لَيْسُوا بِأَقْوِيَاءَ، عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ وَابْنَا زَيْدٍ، وَإِنْ كَانَ الْحَدِيثُ عَنْ زَيْدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ الْبَيْلَمَانِيِّ فَابْنُ الْبَيْلَمَانِيِّ ضَعِيفٌ فِي الْحَدِيثِ، وَفِي إِجمَاعِ الْعُلَمَاءِ عَلَى خِلَافِهِ، وَهُمْ لَا يُجْمِعُونَ عَلَى تَرْكِ رِوَايَةٍ ثَابِتَةٍ، دَلِيلٌ عَلَى ضَعْفِهِ أَوْ نَسْخِهِ إِنْ كَانَ ثَابِتًا، وَبِاللهِ التَّوْفِيقُ.
Zayd bin Aslam (may Allah have mercy on him) said: I saw an elderly man in Alexandria who was called "Surraq". I said to him: What kind of name is this? He said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) gave me this name, and I will never abandon it. He said: I came to Madinah and told the people: My wealth is coming. So they traded with me, and I used up all of their wealth. They took me to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and he said: "Anta Surraq" (You are a thief!). Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) sold me for four camels. My creditors asked the man who bought me: What will you do with him? He said: I will free him. They said: We are no less in need of reward than you. Then they freed me, and my name remained. There is another narration with the same meaning: Abd al-Rahman and Abdullah (may Allah have mercy on them both) narrate from their father Zayd bin Aslam (may Allah have mercy on him) in a fuller form than the above hadith; in it is that he bought a she-camel from a Bedouin and used up its price. Muslim bin Khalid al-Zanji also narrated it from Zayd bin Aslam, from Ibn al-Baylamani, from Surraq. Imam Ahmad (al-Bayhaqi) (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Our shaykh, Imam al-Hakim (may Allah have mercy on him), reported this narration in al-Mustadrak. In it, Abd al-Rahman bin al-Baylamani (may Allah have mercy on him) says: I saw an old man in Alexandria, and he related it in a fuller form than the hadith of Ibn Bashshar mentioned above. This hadith is weak, because most of the narrators in its chain are weak: the hadith of Surraq revolves around Abd al-Rahman bin Abdullah and the two sons of Zayd, none of whom is strong, and if it is from Zayd from Ibn al-Baylamani, then Ibn al-Baylamani is da'if (weak) in hadith. Moreover, the consensus of the scholars against it, when they do not agree on abandoning an established narration, is evidence of its weakness, or of its abrogation if it is established.
