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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب البيوع
Book of Sales
باب: من قال: لا توضع الجائحة
Chapter: Those who said: A loss from a natural calamity is not remitted
Bayhaqi 10625 — Those who said: A loss from a natural calamity
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ الْمُزَكِّي، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ، أنا الرَّبِيعُ، أنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أنا مَالِكٌ، ح وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْمُزَكِّي، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، ثنا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، ثنا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ أَبِي الرِّجَالِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أُمِّهِ، عَمْرَةَ بِنْتِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَهَا تَقُولُ: ابْتَاعَ رَجُلٌ ثَمَرَ حَائِطٍ فِي زَمَانِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَعَالَجَهُ وَقَامَ فِيهِ حَتَّى تَبَيَّنَ لَهُ النُّقْصَانُ، فَسَأَلَ رَبَّ الْحَائِطِ أَنْ يَضَعَ عَنْهُ أَوْ أَنْ يُقِيلَهُ فَحَلَفَ أَنْ لَا يَفْعَلَ، فَذَهَبَتْ أُمُّ الْمُشْتَرِي إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَذَكَرَتْ ذَلِكَ لَهُ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " تَأَلَّى أَنْ لَا يَفْعَلَ خَيْرًا " فَسَمِعَ بِذَلِكَ رَبُّ الْحَائِطِ فَأَتَى إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقَالَ: هُوَ لَهُ لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ بُكَيْرٍ، وَلَيْسَ فِي رِوَايَةِ الشَّافِعِيِّ: أَوْ أَنْ يُقِيلَهُ، وَقَالَ: فَعَالَجَهُ وَأَقَامَ عَلَيْهِ، زَادَنِي أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، قَالَ: حَدِيثُ عَمْرَةَ مُرْسَلٌ، وَأَهْلُ الْحَدِيثِ وَنَحْنُ لَا نُثْبِتُ الْمُرْسَلَ فَلَوْ ثَبَتَ حَدِيثُ عَمْرَةَ كَانَتْ فِيهِ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنْ لَا تُوضَعَ الْجَائِحَةُ لِقَوْلِهَا، قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " تَأَلَّى أَنْ لَا يَفْعَلَ خَيْرًا " وَلَوْ كَانَ الْحُكْمُ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَضَعَ الْجَائِحَةَ لَكَانَ أَشْبَهُ أَنْ يَقُولَ: ذَلِكَ لَازِمٌ لَهُ حَلَفَ أَوْ لَمْ يَحْلِفْ، ⦗٤٩٨⦘ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: قَدْ أَسْنَدَهُ حَارِثَةُ بْنُ أَبِي الرِّجَالِ فَرَوَاهُ عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا إِلَّا أَنَّ حَارِثَةَ ضَعِيفٌ لَا يُحْتَجُّ بِهِ، وَأَسْنَدَهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الرِّجَالِ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ مُخْتَصَرٌ لَيْسَ فِيهِ ذِكْرُ الثَّمَرِ.
Amrah bint Abd al-Rahman (may Allah have mercy on her) says that in the time of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) a man bought the fruit of a garden. He worked on it, yet a loss still occurred. He asked the owner of the garden to reduce the price or cancel the deal. He swore that he would not do so. So the buyer's mother went to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and mentioned it before him (peace and blessings be upon him). The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "He has sworn not to do good." The owner of the garden heard this, came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: "It is his."
(b) In the narration of Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) the words "or cancel the deal" are not present, and he said: "He kept working on it."
(c) Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) says that the hadith of Amrah bint Abd al-Rahman (may Allah have mercy on her) is mursal, and the hadith scholars and we do not accept a mursal hadith as established. If the hadith of Amrah were established, it would mean that the price is not to be reduced. Had it been established against him that he must reduce the price, it would have been more fitting (for him to say) that reducing the price is binding whether he swore or not.
Harithah bin Abi al-Rijal narrated it with a connected chain from his father, from Amrah, from Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her), but Harithah is da'if (weak) and is not used as evidence. Yahya bin Sa'id also narrated it with a connected chain from Abu al-Rijal, but in abridged form, without mention of the fruit.
(b) In the narration of Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) the words "or cancel the deal" are not present, and he said: "He kept working on it."
(c) Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) says that the hadith of Amrah bint Abd al-Rahman (may Allah have mercy on her) is mursal, and the hadith scholars and we do not accept a mursal hadith as established. If the hadith of Amrah were established, it would mean that the price is not to be reduced. Had it been established against him that he must reduce the price, it would have been more fitting (for him to say) that reducing the price is binding whether he swore or not.
Harithah bin Abi al-Rijal narrated it with a connected chain from his father, from Amrah, from Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her), but Harithah is da'if (weak) and is not used as evidence. Yahya bin Sa'id also narrated it with a connected chain from Abu al-Rijal, but in abridged form, without mention of the fruit.
