Abu Sai'd al-Khudri reported: When we were in the company of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) and he was distributing the spoils of war, there came to him Dhul-Khuwasira, one of Banu Tamim. He said: Messenger of Allah, do justice. Upon this the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: Woe be upon thee. Who would do justice, if I do not do justice? You would be unsuccessful and incurring a loss, if I do not do justice. Upon this Umar bin Khattab (RA) said: Messenger of Allah, permit me to strike off his neck. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: Leave him, for he has friends (who would outwardly look to be so religious and pious) that everyone among you would consider his prayer insignificant as compared with their prayer, and his fast as compared with their fasts. They would recite the Qur'an but it would not go beyond their collar-bones. They would pass through (the teachings of Islam so hurriedly) just as the arrow passes through the prey. He would look at its Iron head, but would not find anything ticking) there. He would then see at the lowest end, but would not find anything sticking there. He would then see at its grip but would not find anything sticking to it. He would then see at its feathers and he would find nothing sticking to them (as the arrow would pass so quickly that nothing would stick to it) neither excrement nor blood. They would be recognised by the presence of a black man among them whose upper arms would be like a woman's breast, or like a piece of meat as it quivers, and they would come forth at the time when there is dissension among the people. Abu Sai'd said: I testify to the fact that I heard it from the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) , and I testify to the fact that 'Ali bin Abu Talib fought against them and I was with him. He gave orders about that man who was sought for, and when he was brought in, and when I looked at him, he was exactly as the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) had described him.

'Abdul Muttalib bin Rabi'a bin al-Harith reported that Rabi'a bin al-Harith and Abbas bin Abdul Muttalib gathered together and said: By Allah, if we had sent these two young boys (i. e. I and Fadl bin 'Abbas) to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) and they had spoken to him, he would have appointed them (as the collectors) of these sadaqat; and they would (collect them) and pay (to the Holy Prophet) as other people (collectors) paid and would get a share as other people got it. As they were talking about it there came 'Ali bin Abu Talib and stood before them, and they made a mention of it to him. 'Ali bin Abu Talib said: Don't do that; by Allah he (the Holy Prophet) would not do that (would not accept your request). Rabi'a bin Harith turned to him and said: By Allah, you are not doing so but out of jealousy that you nurse against us. By Allah, you became the son-in-law of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) but we felt no jealousy against you (for this great privilege of yours). 'Ali then said: Send them (if you like). They set out and 'Ali lay on the bed. When the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) offered the noon prayer we went ahead of him to his apartment and stood near it till he came out. He took hold of our ears (out of love and affection) and then said: Give out what you have kept in your hearts. He then entered (the apartment) and we also went in and he (the Holy Prophet) was on that day (in the house of) Zainab bin jahsh. He urged each (of us) to speak. Then one of us thus spoke: Messenger of Allah, you are the best of humanity and the best to cement the ties of blood-relations. We have reached the-marriageable age. We have come (to you) so that you may appoint us (as collectors) of these sadaqat, and we would pay you just as the people (other collectors) pay you, and get our share as others get it. He (the Holy Prophet) kept silence for a long time till we wished that we should speak with him (again), and Zainab pointed to us from behind the curtain not to talk (any more). He (the Holy Prophet) said; It does not become the family of Muhammad (to accept) sadaqat for they are the impurities of people. You call to me Mahmiya (and he was in charge of khums, i. e, of the one-fifth part that goes to the treasury out of the spoils of war), and Naufal bin Harith bin 'Abdul Muttalib. They both came to him, and he (the Holy Prophet) said to Mahmiya: Marry your daughter to this young man (i. e. Fadl bin 'Abbas), and he married her to him. And he said to Naufal bin Harith (RA) : Marry your daughter to this young man (i e. 'Abdul Muttalib bin Rabi'a, the narrator of this hadith) and he married her to me, and he said to Mahmiya: Pay so much mahr on behalf of both of them from this khums. Zuhri, however. said: He did not determine (the amount of mahr).

Rabi'a bin Harith bin 'Abdul Muttalib and Abbas bin 'Abdul Muttalib said to Abdul Muttalib bin Rabi'a and Fadl bin Ibn Abbas (RA) : Go to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) , and the rest of the hadith is the same (but with this addition): "'Ali spread his cloak and then lay down on it and said: I am the father of Hasan, and I am the chief. By Allah, I would not move from my place till your sons come back to you with the reply to that for which you sent them to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) . And he then also said: Verily these sadaqat are the impurities of people, and they are not permissible for Muhammad (ﷺ) , and for the family of Muhammad. And he also said: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) also said to me: Call Mahmiya bin Jaz', and he was person from Banu Asad and the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) had apointed him as a collector of khums.

Juwayriyah, the wife of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said that Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) came to her and said: Is there anything to eat? She said: Messenger of Allah, I swear by God, there is no food with us except a bone of goat which my freed maid-servant was given as sadaqa. Upon this he said: Bring that to me, for it (the sadaqa) has reached its destination.

This hadith has been narrated by Zuhri with the same chain of trainsmitters.

Abu Hurairah (RA) reported Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) as saying: When there comes the month of Ramadan, the gates of mercy are opened, and the gates of Hell are locked and the devils are chained.

This hadith is reported by Abu Hurairah (RA) (with a slight alteration of words) that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said:" When (the month of) Ramadan begins."

''Abdullah bin 'Umar (RA) (Allah be pleased with both of them) reported Allah's Measenger (ﷺ) as saying: When you see the new moon, observe fast, and when you see it (again) then break it, and if the sky is cloudy for you, then calculate it.

Abu Hurairah (RA) reported Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) as saying: Whenever you sight the new moon (of the month of Ramadan) observe fast. and when you sight it (the new moon of Shawwal) break it, and if the sky is cloudy for you, then observe fast for thirty days.

Zuhri reported that (once) the Apostle of Allah (ﷺ) took an oath that he would not go to his wives for one Month. Zuhri said that 'Urwa narrated to him from 'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) that she said: When twenty-nine nights were over, which I had counted, the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) came to me (he came to me first of all). I said: Messenger of Allah, you had taken an oath that you would not come to us for a month, whereas you have come after twenty nine days which I have counted. Whereupon he said: The month may also consist of twenty-nine days.

'Abdullah bin Mas'ud (RA) reported that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) had said: Bilal (RA) would pronounce Adhan (at the fag end of the night in order to inform the people about the time of the Sahri). So you eat and drink till you hear the Adhan of Ibn Umm Maktum (which was pronounced at the conclusion of the Sahri and the commencement of the fast).

Abdullah bin 'Umar (Allah be pleased with both of them) reported: I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) as saying: Bilal (RA) announces Adhan during the night, so you eat and drink, till you hear the Adhan of Ibn Umm Maktum.

Abu Hurairah (RA) reported: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) forbade (his Companions) from observing fast unintermptedly. One of the Muslims said: Messenger of Allah, you yourself observe Saum Wisal. Whereupon the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: Who among you is like me? I spend night (in a state) that my Allah feeds me and provides me drink. When they (the Companions of the Holy Prophet) did not agree in abandoning the uninterrupted fast, then the Holy Prophet (ﷺ) also observed this fast with them for a day, and then for a day. They then saw the new moon and he (the Holy Prophet) said: If the appearance of the new moon were delayed, I would have observed more (fasts) with you (and he did it) by way of warning to them as they had not agreed to refrain (from observing Saum Wisal)

'A'isha, the wife of the Apostle of Allah (ﷺ) , said: The dawn broke upon the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) during the Ramadan in a state of junub not because of sexual dream (but on account of intercourse) and he washed himself and observed fast.

Abu Hurairah (RA) reported that a person came to the Apostle of Allah (ﷺ) and said: Messenger of Allah, I am undone. He (the Holy Prophet) said: What has brought about your ruin? He said: I have had intercourse with my wife during the month of Ramadan. Upon this he (the Holy prophet) said: Can you find a slave to set him free? He said: NO. He (the Holy Prophet (ﷺ) again) said: Can you observe fast for two consecutive months? He said: No. He (the Holy Prophet) said: Can you provide food to sixty poor people? He said: No. He then sat down and (in the meanwhile) there was brought to the Apostle of Allah (ﷺ) a basket which contained dates. He (the Holy Prophet) said: Give these (dates) in charity. He (the man) said: Am I to give to one who is poorer than I? There is no family poorer than mine between the two lava plains of Madinah. The Apostle of Allah (ﷺ) laughed so that his molar teeth became visible and said: Go and give it to your family to eat.

A hadith like this has been narrated on the authority of Mubammad bin Muslim al-Zuhri with the same chain of transmitters, and he said: There was brought an 'araq containing dates, an 'araq being a huge basket. But in this hadith no mention has been made of (the fact) that the Apostle of Allah (ﷺ) laughed till his molar teeth became visible.

Abu Hurairah (RA) reported that a person had intercourse with his wife during Ramadan (while fasting). He asked for the religious verdict (about it) from the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) , whereupon he (the Holy Prophet) said: Can you find a slave (to grant him freedom)? He said: No. He (the Holy Prophet (ﷺ) again) said: Can you afford to observe fasts for two (consecutive) months? He said: No. He (the Holy Prophet) said: Then feed sixty poor men.

This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Zuhri with the same chain of transmitters that a person broke fast in Ramadan whereupon the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) commanded him to free a slave (as an atonement), and the rest of the hadith is the same as narrated by Ibn Uyaina.

Humaid bin 'Abdul Rahman reported that Abu Hurairah (RA) had narrated to him that the Apostle of Allah (ﷺ) commanded the person (who) broke the fast in Ramadan to free a slave or observe fasts for two (consecutive) months or feed sixty poor persons.

This hadith has been narrated with the same chain of transmitters on the authority of Zuhri.

Ibn Abbas (RA) reported that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) went out during the month of Ramadan in the year of Victory (when Makkah was conquered) and was fasting till he reached Kadid (a canal situated at a distance of forty-two miles from Makkah) and he then broke the fast. And it was the habit of the Companions of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) to follow him in every new thing (or act). So they followed him also (in this matter).

This hadith is narrated on the authority of Zuhri with the same chain of transmitters. Yahya (one of the narrators) said that Sufyan (the narrator) had stated: I do not know whose statement it is: "It is the last word of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) which is accepted as (final as it abrogates the previous ones)."

It has been narrated on the authority of Zuhri with the same chain of transmitters that breaking of fast (in a journey) is the final of the two commands (whether one may fast or one may break it), and it is the last command of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) which is to be accepted as final. Zuhri said: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) marched on Makkah on the morning of 14th of Ramadan (lit. when thirteen nights had passed).

A hadith like this has been transmitted on the authority of Ibn Shahab who said that they (the Companions of the Holy Prophet) followed the latest of his commands and looked upon it as one abrogating (the previous ones) and the most firm.

'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported. In the pre-Islamic days fast was observed on the day of Ashura, but with the advent of Islam (its position was ascertained as that of a voluntary fast). Then he who wished to fast fasted, and he who liked to abandon it abandoned it.

'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) had ordered to observe fast (on 'Ashura) before the fasting in Ramadan was made obligatory. But when it became obligatory, then he who wished fasted on the day of Ashura, and he who wished did not observe it (on that day).

Abdul Rahman reported that he heard Mu'awiyahh bin Abu Sufyan (RA) delivering a sermon in Madinah. i. e. when he came there (for Hajj). He delivered a sermon on the day of 'Ashura and said: People of Madinah, where are your scholars? I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say on this very day: It is the day of 'Ashura. Allah has not made fasting on This day obligatory for you but I am fasting. He who likes to observe fast among you should do so, and he who likes not to observe it may not observe it.

A hadith like this has been narrated on the authority of Ibn Shihab through the same chain of transmitters.

This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Zuhri with the same chain of transmitters that be heard Allah's Apostle (ﷺ) as saying on a similar day: I am fasting today, so he who wishes to observe fast should do so; but he did not make mention of the rest of the hadith.

Abu Ubaid, the freed slave of Ibn Azhar, reported: I observed Id along with Umar bin al-Khattab (RA) . He came (out in an open space) and prayed and (after) completing it addressed the people and said: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) has forbidden the observing of fast on these two days. One is the day of Fitr (at the end of your fasts), and the second one, the day when you eat (the meat) of your sacrifices.

Abu Hurairah (RA) reported Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) as saying: Allah, the Majestic and the Exalted, said: Every act of the son of Adam ؑؑis for him except fasting. It is done for My sake, and I will give a reward for it. By Allah in Whose Hand is the life of Muhammad, the breath of the observer of fast is sweeter to Allah than the fragrance of musk.

'Abdullah bin 'Amr bin al-'As reported that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) was informed that he could stand up for (prayer) throughout the night and observe fast every day so long as he lived. Thereupon the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: Is it you who said this? I said to him: Messenger of Allah, it is I who said that. Thereupon the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) may peace be upon him) said: You are not capable enough to do so. Observe fast and break it; sleep and stand for prayer, and observe fast for three days during the month; for every good is multiplied ten times and this is like fasting for ever. I said: Messenger of Allah. I am capable of doing more than this. Thereupon he said: Fast one day and do not fast for the next two days. I said: Messenger of Allah, I have the strength to do more than that. The Holy Prophet (ﷺ) , said: Fast one day and break on the other day. That is known as the fasting of David (peace be upon him) and that is the best fasting. I said: I am capable of doing more than this. Thereupon the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: There is nothing better than this. 'Abdullah bin 'Amr (RA) said: Had I accepted the three days (fasting during every month) as the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) had said, it would have been more dear to me than my family and my property.

Salim reported on the authority of his father that a person saw Lailat-ul- Qadr on the 27th (of Ramadan). Thereupon Allah's Apostle (ﷺ) said: I see that your dreams agree regarding the last ten (nights of Ramadan). So seek it on an odd number (of these ten nights)

Salim bin 'Abdullah bin 'Umar reported that his father said: I heard Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) as saying: So far as Lailat-ul-Qadr is concerned, some persons among you have seen it (in a dream) in the first week and some persons among you have been shown that it is in the last week; so seek it in the last ten (nights).

Abu Hurairah (RA) reported Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) as saying: I was shown Lailat-ul-Qadr; then some members of my family awoke me up, then I was caused to forget it. So seek it in the last week. Harmala said: (The Holy Prophet (ﷺ) did not say: "I was made to forget," but he stated): "But I forgot it."

'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) (may peace he upon him) used to observe i'tikif in the last ten days of Ramadan till Allah called him back (to his heavenly home). Then his wives observed i'tikaf after him.

Salim reported on the authority of his father ('Abdullah bin 'Umar) that the Apostle of Allah (ﷺ) was asked what a Muhrim should wear, whereupon he said: A Muhrim should not wear a shirt, or a turban, or a cap, or trousers, or a cloth touched with wars or with saffron, nor (should he wear) stockings, but in case he does not find shoes, but (before wearing stockings) be should trim them (in such a way) that these should become lower than the ankles.

Salim reported on the authority of his father ('Abdullah bin 'Umar) that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: The people of Madinah should enter upon the state of Ihram at Dhu'l-Hulaifa; the people of Syria at Juhfa, the people of Najd at Qarn (al-Manazil). Ibn 'Umar (RA) said: It was mentioned to me but I did not myself hear it (directly) from the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) having said this: The people of Yemen should enter upon the state of Ihram at Yalamlam.

Abu Zubair heard Jabir bin 'Abdullah (RA) as saying as he was asked about (the place for entering upon the) state of Ihram: I heard (and I think he carried it directly to the Apostle of Allah (ﷺ) ) him saying: For the people of Madinah Dhu'l-Hulaifa is the place for entering upon the state of Ihram, and for (the people coming through the other way, i. e. Syria) it is Juhfa; for the people of Iraq it is Dbat al-'Irq; for the people uf Najd it is Qarn (al-Manazil) and for the people of Yemen it is Yalamlam.

'Abdullah bin 'Umar (RA) reported: I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) pronouncing Talbiya with compacted hair: Here I am at Thy service. O Allah: here I am at Thy service; here I am at Thy service. There is no associate with Thee; here I am at Thy service. Verily all praise and grace is due to Thee and the Sovereignty (too). There is no associate with Thee; and he did not make any addition to these words. 'Abdullah bin 'Umar (RA) (further) said: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) used to offer two rak'ahs of prayer at Dhu'l-Hulaifa and then when his camel stood up with him on its back near the mosque at Dhu'l-Hulaifa, he pronounced these words (of Talbiya). And 'Abdullah bin 'Umar (RA) said that 'Umar bin Khattab (RA) pronounced, the Talbiya of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) in these words of his (Prophet's words) and said: Here I am at Thy service, O Lord; here I am at Thy service, ready to obey Thee, and good is in Thy Hand, Here I am at Thy service. Unto Thee is the petition and deed (is also for Thee).