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مستدرکِ حاکم
Mustadrak al-Hakim
كتاب : آيات رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم التي في دلائل النبوة
Book of the Signs of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) among the Proofs of Prophethood
مُرَاسَلَتُهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَى النَّجَاشِيِّ
The Messenger of Allah's (peace and blessings be upon him) correspondence with the Negus
Mustadrak al-Hakim — Hadith 4290
اُردوEn
حدثنا أبو العباس محمد بن يعقوب حدثنا أحمد بن عبد الجبار، حدثنا يونس بن بُكير، عن ابن إسحاق، قال: كان اسمُ النَّجَاشِيّ: مصحمة (1)، وهو بالعربية: عَطِيَّة، وإنما النجاشيُّ اسمُ الملِكِ، كقولك: كِسْرى وهِرَقْل. قال ابن إسحاق: هذا كتابٌ من النبيِّ مُحمدٍ ﷺ إلى النَّجَاشِيِّ: "بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم، هذا كتابُ محمدٍ رسولِ الله إلى النجاشيِّ الأصْحَمِ عظيمِ الحَبَشِ، سلامٌ على مَن اتَّبَعَ الهُدى، وآمَنَ باللهِ ورسولِه وشَهِدَ أن لا إله إلّا الله وحدَه لا شَرِيكَ له، لم يَتَّخِذ صاحِبَةً ولا ولدًا، وأنَّ محمدا عبده ورسولُه، أدعُوك بدُعاء الله، فإني أنا رسولُ الله، فأسْلِمْ تَسْلَمْ: ﴿يَاأَهْلَ الْكِتَابِ تَعَالَوْا إِلَى كَلِمَةٍ سَوَاءٍ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَكُمْ أَلَّا نَعْبُدَ إِلَّا اللَّهَ وَلَا نُشْرِكَ بِهِ شَيْئًا وَلَا يَتَّخِذَ بَعْضُنَا بَعْضًا أَرْبَابًا مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ﴾ الآية [آل عِمران: 64]، فإن أبَيتَ فعَلَيكَ إثمُ النَّصارى" (2). لم يتابَع محمد بن إسحاق القُرَشيّ على اسم النَّجَاشِي أَنه مَصْحَمة، فإِنَّ الأخبارَ الصحيحة المُخرَّجة في الكتابَين الصحيحَين بالألف، والكتاب إليه في كتابِ رسول الله.
Ibn Ishaq states that the name of the Negus was "Mashamah", whose meaning in Arabic is "Atiyyah" (gift), and Negus (al-Najashi) is actually the title of the king, just as the titles Kisra and Heraclius are used. Ibn Ishaq says that this is the letter written by the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) to the Negus: "In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. This is from Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), the Messenger of Allah, to the Negus Ashama, the great king of Abyssinia. Peace be upon whoever follows guidance, believes in Allah and His Messenger, and bears witness that there is no god but Allah, alone, without partner; He has taken neither a consort (wife) nor a son; and that Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) is His servant and Messenger. I call you to Allah, for I am the Messenger of Allah; so accept Islam and you will be safe: 'Say: O People of the Book, come to a word that is equitable between us and you: that we worship none but Allah, associate nothing with Him, and that none of us take one another as lords besides Allah' [Surah Al Imran: 64]. Then if you turn away (refuse), upon you will be the sin of the Christians (who go astray)."
Imam al-Hakim says: Muhammad bin Ishaq is alone in giving the name of the Negus as "Mashamah", and no one has corroborated him in it, because in the sahih reports recorded by Bukhari and Muslim his name is mentioned with an alif (Ashamah), and that is also the name written in the letter of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him).
Imam al-Hakim says: Muhammad bin Ishaq is alone in giving the name of the Negus as "Mashamah", and no one has corroborated him in it, because in the sahih reports recorded by Bukhari and Muslim his name is mentioned with an alif (Ashamah), and that is also the name written in the letter of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him).
Explanation & Benefits
Shaykh Adil Murshid et al.
(1) في (ز) و (ص) و (ع): مسحمة، بالسين بدل الصاد، وكثيرًا ما يتعاقبان لقرب مخرجيهما كما قال الأزهري وغيره، وأثبتنا ما في (ب)، وهو الموافق لمصادر تخريج الخبر، وهو كذلك في "السيرة النبوية" لابن إسحاق برواية يونس بن بكير (293)، وهو الذي سيذكره المصنف بإثر الخبر، فإنه لا خلاف بين أصول "المستدرك" هناك بذكره بالصاد.
Note / Clarification: (1) In manuscripts (Z), (S) and ('A) this word is "Mushamah" (with sin instead of sad), and these two letters (sad and sin) often replace each other because their points of articulation are close, as al-Azhari and others said. We have kept the text of manuscript (B) because it agrees with the sources that record the report. Also, in Ibn Ishaq's "al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah", in the transmission of Yunus bin Bukayr (293), the word is the same (with sad), and it is what the author (al-Hakim) will mention right after the report, since there is no disagreement among the manuscripts of "al-Mustadrak" there in giving it with "sad".
(2) هو في "السيرة النبوية" لابن إسحاق برواية يونس بن بكير (293) و (306).
Reference / Source: (2) This narration is in Ibn Ishaq's "al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah" in the transmission of Yunus bin Bukayr (293 and 306).
وأخرجه البيهقي في "دلائل النبوة" 2/ 308 و 310 عن أبي عبد الله الحاكم، بهذا الإسناد.
Reference / Source: Al-Bayhaqi narrated it in "Dala'il al-Nubuwwah" (2/308 and 310) from Abu Abd Allah al-Hakim, with this same chain.
ولكتاب النبي ﷺ للنجاشي لفظ آخر عند ابن إسحاق من رواية محمد بن حميد الرازي عن سلمة بن الفضل عنه، عند البيهقي في "الدلائل" 2/ 309، وفي هذه الرواية ردُّ النجاشي بكتاب إلى رسول الله ﷺ يُعلن فيه إسلامه وتصديقه.
Details of the narration: The wording of the Prophet's (peace and blessings be upon him) letter to the Negus (al-Najashi) is also narrated by Ibn Ishaq through another route, via Muhammad bin Humayd al-Razi from Salamah bin al-Fadl from Ibn Ishaq (see al-Bayhaqi, al-Dala'il 2/309). This narration also mentions the Negus's reply letter to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), in which he announced his Islam and his affirmation of faith.
وقال ابن كثير في "البداية والنهاية" 4/ 205 عن لفظ رواية يونس بن بكير هذه الظاهر أنَّ هذا الكتاب إنما هو إلى النجاشي الذي كان بعد المسلم صاحب جعفر وأصحابه، وذلك حين كتب إلى ملوك الأرض يدعوهم إلى الله ﷿ قبيل الفتح، وقوله في هذا الكتاب: إلى النجاشي الأصحم، لعلَّ الأصحم مقحم من الراوي بحسب ما فهم، والله أعلم.
Important point / Research: Al-Hafiz Ibn Kathir, commenting on the wording of this narration of Yunus bin Bukayr in "al-Bidayah wa al-Nihayah" (4/205), said: "It appears that this letter was to the Negus who came after the 'Muslim Negus' who hosted Ja'far and his companions. This letter was written when he (peace and blessings be upon him) wrote to the kings of the earth, shortly before the Conquest (of Makkah), inviting them to Allah, the Mighty and Majestic. And as for the words in this letter: 'To the Negus al-Ashamm', perhaps the word 'al-Ashamm' was inserted by the narrator according to his own understanding (i.e. it is an interpolation). And Allah knows best."
قال: والأنسب من هذا هاهنا ما ذكره البيهقي أيضًا … فذكر الرواية الأخرى التي لمحمد بن حميد الرازي، عن سلمة بن الفضل، عن ابن إسحاق.
Note / Clarification: Ibn Kathir further said: "More fitting here than this is what al-Bayhaqi also mentioned…" Then he mentioned the other narration, of Muhammad bin Humayd al-Razi from Salamah bin al-Fadl from Ibn Ishaq.
Note / Clarification: (1) In manuscripts (Z), (S) and ('A) this word is "Mushamah" (with sin instead of sad), and these two letters (sad and sin) often replace each other because their points of articulation are close, as al-Azhari and others said. We have kept the text of manuscript (B) because it agrees with the sources that record the report. Also, in Ibn Ishaq's "al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah", in the transmission of Yunus bin Bukayr (293), the word is the same (with sad), and it is what the author (al-Hakim) will mention right after the report, since there is no disagreement among the manuscripts of "al-Mustadrak" there in giving it with "sad".
(2) هو في "السيرة النبوية" لابن إسحاق برواية يونس بن بكير (293) و (306).
Reference / Source: (2) This narration is in Ibn Ishaq's "al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah" in the transmission of Yunus bin Bukayr (293 and 306).
وأخرجه البيهقي في "دلائل النبوة" 2/ 308 و 310 عن أبي عبد الله الحاكم، بهذا الإسناد.
Reference / Source: Al-Bayhaqi narrated it in "Dala'il al-Nubuwwah" (2/308 and 310) from Abu Abd Allah al-Hakim, with this same chain.
ولكتاب النبي ﷺ للنجاشي لفظ آخر عند ابن إسحاق من رواية محمد بن حميد الرازي عن سلمة بن الفضل عنه، عند البيهقي في "الدلائل" 2/ 309، وفي هذه الرواية ردُّ النجاشي بكتاب إلى رسول الله ﷺ يُعلن فيه إسلامه وتصديقه.
Details of the narration: The wording of the Prophet's (peace and blessings be upon him) letter to the Negus (al-Najashi) is also narrated by Ibn Ishaq through another route, via Muhammad bin Humayd al-Razi from Salamah bin al-Fadl from Ibn Ishaq (see al-Bayhaqi, al-Dala'il 2/309). This narration also mentions the Negus's reply letter to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), in which he announced his Islam and his affirmation of faith.
وقال ابن كثير في "البداية والنهاية" 4/ 205 عن لفظ رواية يونس بن بكير هذه الظاهر أنَّ هذا الكتاب إنما هو إلى النجاشي الذي كان بعد المسلم صاحب جعفر وأصحابه، وذلك حين كتب إلى ملوك الأرض يدعوهم إلى الله ﷿ قبيل الفتح، وقوله في هذا الكتاب: إلى النجاشي الأصحم، لعلَّ الأصحم مقحم من الراوي بحسب ما فهم، والله أعلم.
Important point / Research: Al-Hafiz Ibn Kathir, commenting on the wording of this narration of Yunus bin Bukayr in "al-Bidayah wa al-Nihayah" (4/205), said: "It appears that this letter was to the Negus who came after the 'Muslim Negus' who hosted Ja'far and his companions. This letter was written when he (peace and blessings be upon him) wrote to the kings of the earth, shortly before the Conquest (of Makkah), inviting them to Allah, the Mighty and Majestic. And as for the words in this letter: 'To the Negus al-Ashamm', perhaps the word 'al-Ashamm' was inserted by the narrator according to his own understanding (i.e. it is an interpolation). And Allah knows best."
قال: والأنسب من هذا هاهنا ما ذكره البيهقي أيضًا … فذكر الرواية الأخرى التي لمحمد بن حميد الرازي، عن سلمة بن الفضل، عن ابن إسحاق.
Note / Clarification: Ibn Kathir further said: "More fitting here than this is what al-Bayhaqi also mentioned…" Then he mentioned the other narration, of Muhammad bin Humayd al-Razi from Salamah bin al-Fadl from Ibn Ishaq.
Source: Al-Mustadrak ala al-Sahihayn (Takhrij & Tahqiq: Shaykh Adil Murshid et al.), Page: 4290
