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مسند أبي يعلى الموصلي
Musnad Abi Ya'la al-Mawsili
مسند علي بن أبي طالب رضي الله عنه
Musnad of Ali bin Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him)
مُسْنَدُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ
Musnad of Ali bin Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him)
Musnad Abi Ya'la 474 — Abdullah bin Shaddad (may Allah have mercy on)
حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ أَبِي إِسْرَائِيلَ ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ سُلَيْمٍ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ خُثَيْمٍ ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عِيَاضِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو الْقَارِيِّ ، أَنَّهُ جَاءَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ شَدَّادٍ ، فَدَخَلَ عَلَى عَائِشَةَ ، وَنَحْنُ عِنْدَهَا جُلُوسٌ ، مَرْجِعَهُ مِنَ الْعِرَاقِ لَيَالِيَ قُتِلَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ، فَقَالَتْ لَهُ : يَا ابْنَ شَدَّادِ بْنِ الْهَادِ ، هَلْ أَنْتَ صَادِقِي عَمَّا أَسْأَلُكَ عَنْهُ ؟ حَدِّثْنِي عَنِ الْقَوْمِ الَّذِينَ قَتَلَهُمْ عَلِيٌّ ، قَالَ : وَمَا لِي لَا أَصْدُقُكِ ؟ قَالَتْ : فَحَدِّثْنِي عَنْ قِصَّتِهِمْ ، قَالَ : فَإِنَّ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ لَمَّا كَاتَبَ مُعَاوِيَةَ وَحَكَمَ الْحَكَمَانِ خَرَجَ عَلَيْهِ ثَمَانِيَةُ آلَافٍ مِنْ قُرَّاءِ النَّاسِ ، فَنَزَلُوا بِأَرْضٍ يُقَالُ لَهَا : حَرُورَاءُ مِنْ جَانِبِ الْكُوفَةِ ، وَأَنَّهُمْ عَتَبُوا عَلَيْهِ ، فَقَالُوا : انْسَلَخْتَ مِنْ قَمِيصٍ كَسَاكَهُ اللهُ ، وَاسْمٍ سَمَّاكَ اللهُ بِهِ ، ثُمَّ انْطَلَقْتَ فَحَكَّمْتَ فِي دِينِ اللهِ ، فَلَا حُكْمَ إِلَّا لِلهِ ، فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ عَلِيًّا مَا عَتَبُوا عَلَيْهِ وَفَارَقُوهُ عَلَيْهِ ، أَمَرَ مُؤَذِّنًا فَأَذَّنَ أَنْ لَا يَدْخُلَنَّ عَلَى أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِلَّا مَنْ قَدْ حَمَلَ الْقُرْآنَ ، فَلَمَّا امْتَلَأَتِ الدَّارُ مِنْ قُرَّاءِ النَّاسِ دَعَا بِمُصْحَفٍ إِمَامٍ عَظِيمٍ ، فَوَضَعَهُ عَلِيٌّ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ فَطَفِقَ يَصُكُّهُ بِيَدِهِ ، وَيَقُولُ : أَيُّهَا الْمُصْحَفُ ، حَدِّثِ النَّاسَ ، فَنَادَاهُ النَّاسُ : يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ مَا تَسْأَلُ عَنْهُ إِنَّمَا هُوَ مِدَادٌ فِي وَرَقٍ ، وَنَحْنُ نَتَكَلَّمُ بِمَا رَأَيْنَا مِنْهُ ، فَمَا تُرِيدُ ؟ قَالَ : أَصْحَابُكُمْ أُولَاءِ الَّذِينَ خَرَجُوا ، بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَهُمْ كِتَابُ اللهِ ، يَقُولُ اللهُ فِي كِتَابِهِ فِي امْرَأَةٍ وَرَجُلٍ : وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ شِقَاقَ بَيْنِهِمَا فَابْعَثُوا حَكَمًا مِنْ أَهْلِهِ وَحَكَمًا مِنْ أَهْلِهَا إِنْ يُرِيدَا إِصْلاحًا يُوَفِّقِ اللهُ بَيْنَهُمَا . فَأُمَّةُ مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَعْظَمُ حُرْمَةً - أَوْ : ذِمَّةً - مِنِ امْرَأَةٍ وَرَجُلٍ ، وَنَقَمُوا عَلَيَّ أَنِّي كَاتَبْتُ مُعَاوِيَةَ ، كَتَبْتُ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ، وَقَدْ جَاءَنَا سُهَيْلُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو فَكَتَبَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ ، قَالَ : لَا تَكْتُبْ بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ ، قَالَ : وَكَيْفَ نَكْتُبُ ؟ فَقَالَ سُهَيْلٌ : اكْتُبْ : بِاسْمِكَ اللَّهُمَّ ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : فَاكْتُبْ : مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُولُ اللهِ ، فَقَالَ : لَوْ أَعْلَمُ أَنَّكَ رَسُولُ اللهِ لَمْ أُخَالِفْكَ ، فَكَتَبَ : هَذَا مَا صَالَحَ عَلَيْهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ قُرَيْشًا ، يَقُولُ اللهُ فِي كِتَابِهِ : لَقَدْ كَانَ لَكُمْ فِي رَسُولِ اللهِ أُسْوَةٌ حَسَنَةٌ لِمَنْ كَانَ يَرْجُو اللهَ وَالْيَوْمَ الآخِرَ فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِمْ عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ عَبَّاسٍ ، فَخَرَجْتُ مَعَهُ حَتَّى إِذَا تَوَسَّطْتُ عَسْكَرَهُمْ ، قَامَ ابْنُ الْكَوَّاءِ فَخَطَبَ النَّاسَ ، فَقَالَ : أَيَا حَمَلَةَ الْقُرْآنِ ، هَذَا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عَبَّاسٍ ، فَمَنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ يَعْرِفُهُ فَلْيَعْرِفْهُ ، فَإِنَّمَا أُعَرِّفُهُ مِنْ كِتَابِ اللهِ ، هَذَا مِمَّنْ نَزَلَ فِيهِ وَفِي قَوْمِهِ قَوْمٌ خَصِمُونَ فَرُدُّوهُ إِلَى صَاحِبِهِ ، وَلَا تُوَاضِعُوهُ كِتَابَ اللهِ ، قَالَ : فَقَامَ خُطَبَاؤُهُمْ ، فَقَالُوا : وَاللهِ لَنُوَاضِعَنَّهُ الْكِتَابَ ، فَإِنْ جَاءَنَا بِحَقٍّ نَعْرِفُهُ لَنَتَّبِعَنَّهُ ، وَإِنَّ جَاءَ بِبَاطِلٍ لَنُبَكِّتَنَّهُ بِبَاطِلٍ ، وَلَنَرُدَّنَّهُ إِلَى صَاحِبِهِ ، فَوَاضَعُوا عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ عَبَّاسٍ الْكِتَابَ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ ، فَرَجَعَ مِنْهُمْ أَرْبَعَةُ آلَافٍ ، كُلُّهُمْ تَائِبٌ ، فِيهِمُ ابْنُ الْكَوَّاءِ ، حَتَّى أَدْخَلَهُمْ عَلَيٌّ عَلَى الْكُوفَةَ ، فَبَعَثَ عَلِيٌّ إِلَى بَقِيَّتِهِمْ ، قَالَ : قَدْ كَانَ مِنْ أَمْرِنَا وَأَمْرِ النَّاسِ مَا قَدْ رَأَيْتُمْ ، فَقِفُوا حَيْثُ شِئْتُمْ ، بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَكُمْ : أَلَّا تَسْفِكُوا دَمًا حَرَامًا ، أَوْ تَقْطَعُوا سَبِيلًا ، أَوْ تَظْلِمُوا ذِمَّةً ، فَإِنَّكُمْ إِنْ فَعَلْتُمْ فَقَدْ نَبَذْنَا إِلَيْكُمُ الْحَرْبَ عَلَى سَوَاءٍ إِنَّ اللهَ لا يُحِبُّ الْخَائِنِينَ ، قَالَ : فَقَالَتْ لَهُ عَائِشَةُ : يَا ابْنَ شَدَّادٍ ، فَقَدْ قَتَلَهُمْ ؟ قَالَ : فَوَاللهِ مَا بَعَثَ إِلَيْهِمْ حَتَّى قَطَعُوا السَّبِيلَ وَسَفَكُوا الدِّمَاءَ ، وَاسْتَحَلُّوا الذِّمَّةَ ، قَالَتْ : وَاللهِ ؟ قَالَ : وَاللهِ الَّذِي لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ لَقَدْ كَانَ ، قَالَتْ : فَمَا شَيْءٌ بَلَغَنِي عَنْ أَهْلِ الْعِرَاقِ يَتَحَدَّثُونَهُ ، يَقُولُونَ : ذَا الثُّدَيَّةِ ؟ مَرَّتَيْنِ ، قَالَ : قَدْ رَأَيْتُهُ وَقُمْتُ مَعَ عَلِيٍّ عَلَيْهِ فِي الْقَتْلَى ، فَدَعَا النَّاسَ ، فَقَالَ : هَلْ تَعْرِفُونَ هَذَا ؟ فَمَا أَكْثَرَ مَنْ جَاءَ يَقُولُ : رَأَيْتُهُ فِي مَسْجِدِ بَنِي فُلَانٍ يُصَلِّي ، وَلَمْ يَأْتُوا فِيهِ بِثَبَتٍ يُعْرَفُ إِلَّا ذَلِكَ ، قَالَتْ : فَمَا قَوْلُ عَلِيٍّ حِينَ قَامَ عَلَيْهِ ، كَمَا يَزْعُمُ أَهْلُ الْعِرَاقِ ؟ قَالَ : سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ : صَدَقَ اللهُ وَرَسُولُهُ ، قَالَتْ : فَهَلْ سَمِعْتَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ غَيْرَ ذَلِكَ ؟ قَالَ : اللَّهُمَّ لَا ، قَالَتْ : أَجَلْ ، صَدَقَ اللهُ وَرَسُولُهُ ، يَرْحَمُ اللهُ عَلِيًّا إِنَّهُ كَانَ مِنْ كَلَامِهِ لَا يَرَى شَيْئًا يُعْجِبُهُ ، إِلَّا قَالَ : صَدَقَ اللهُ وَرَسُولُهُ ، فَذَهَبَ أَهْلُ الْعِرَاقِ فَيَكْذِبُونَ عَلَيْهِ وَيَزِيدُونَ عَلَيْهِ فِي الْحَدِيثِ .
It is narrated from Ubaydullah bin Iyad bin Amr al-Qari (may Allah have mercy on him) that Abdullah bin Shaddad (may Allah have mercy on him), on those nights when he returned from Iraq after the martyrdom of Sayyiduna Ali bin Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him), came into the presence of Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) while we were sitting with her. Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) asked him: "O Ibn Shaddad bin al-Had, will you tell me the truth about what I ask you? Tell me about those people whom Ali killed." He said: "Why would I not tell you the truth?" She (may Allah be pleased with her) said: "Then tell me their whole story." He related: When Sayyiduna Ali bin Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him) corresponded with Sayyiduna Mu'awiyah (may Allah be pleased with him) and the two arbitrators were appointed, eight thousand reciters of the Qur'an rose against him and camped at a place called 'Harura'' on one side of Kufah. They were displeased with him and began saying: "You have stepped out of the shirt that Allah clothed you with and given up the name that Allah gave you; then you went and made people arbitrators in the religion of Allah, whereas judgement belongs to none but Allah." When news of their objection and their separation reached Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him), he ordered a caller to announce: "None shall enter upon the Commander of the Believers except one who has memorised the Qur'an." When the house was full of reciters of the Qur'an, he (may Allah be pleased with him) called for a large copy of the Qur'an, placed it in front of him, and began striking it with his hand, saying: "O Mushaf, speak to the people." The people called out: "O Commander of the Believers, what are you asking it? It is only ink on paper; we speak according to its teachings. What do you want?" He (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "These companions of yours who have separated from me: between me and them is the Book of Allah. Allah Almighty says in His Book concerning a woman and a man: 'And if you fear a breach between the two of them, then send an arbitrator from his family and an arbitrator from her family; if they both desire reconciliation, Allah will bring about agreement between them.' So the sanctity of the Ummah of Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) and the protection of their lives is far greater than the matter of a man and a woman. And they object against me that, in writing the peace document with Mu'awiyah, I wrote my name as Ali bin Abi Talib (instead of Commander of the Believers). Yet when Suhayl bin Amr came to us for the peace treaty, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) had written: 'Bismillah al-Rahman al-Rahim' (In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful), and he said: 'Do not write Bismillah al-Rahman al-Rahim.' He (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: 'Then what shall we write?' He said: 'Write: Bismika Allahumma (In Your name, O Allah).' Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: 'Very well, write: Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah.' He said: 'If I knew that you were the Messenger of Allah, I would not oppose you at all.' So he (peace and blessings be upon him) had it written: 'This is the peace that Muhammad bin Abdullah has made with Quraysh.' And Allah Almighty says in His Book: 'There has certainly been for you in the Messenger of Allah an excellent example for whoever hopes in Allah and the Last Day.'" Then Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) sent Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) to them. I too went out with him, until when I reached the middle of their camp, Ibn al-Kawwa' stood up and addressed the people, saying: "O bearers of the Qur'an, this is Abdullah bin Abbas. Whoever does not know him, let him know that I recognise him through the Book of Allah: he is among those about whom this verse was revealed: 'They are a quarrelsome people.' So send him back to his master and do not put the Book of Allah before him (for debate)." But their other speakers stood up and said: "By Allah, we will certainly debate the Book of Allah with him. If he brings the truth, we will recognise it and follow it, and if he brings falsehood, we will refute him and send him back to his master." So for three days they put the Book of Allah before Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) (and debated with him), as a result of which four thousand of them repented and came back, Ibn al-Kawwa' among them. Ibn Abbas brought them to Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) in Kufah. Then Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) sent word to those who remained: "You have seen what happened between us and the people. Now stay wherever you wish. Between us and you is this covenant: that you will not shed forbidden blood, will not block the roads, and will not oppress any protected non-Muslim (dhimmi). But if you do so, we will declare war against you: 'Indeed, Allah does not love the treacherous.'" Abdullah bin Shaddad said: Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) asked him: "O Ibn Shaddad, did Ali really kill them?" He said: "By Allah, he did not send an army against them until they had blocked the roads, shed blood and regarded the killing of the protected non-Muslims as lawful." She asked: "By Allah?" He replied: "By Allah, besides whom there is no god! That is exactly what happened." She asked: "What is this that has reached me about the people of Iraq, that they repeatedly speak of 'Dhu al-Thudayyah' (the man with the breast-like hand)?" He said: "I saw him, and when he was found in the heap of the slain I was standing there with Ali (may Allah be pleased with him). He called out to the people and asked: 'Do you know this man?' Many people came and said: 'I saw him praying in the mosque of such-and-such a tribe.' Apart from that, they could not bring any reliable identification of him." She (may Allah be pleased with her) asked: "When Ali stood over him, what did he say, as the people of Iraq claim?" He said: "I heard him say only: 'Allah and His Messenger have spoken the truth.'" She asked: "Did you hear him say anything other than that?" He said: "O Allah, no (I heard only this)." Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: "Yes! Allah and His Messenger have spoken the truth. May Allah have mercy on Ali. It was his habit that whenever he saw something that pleased him (or a prophecy that came true), he would say just this: 'Allah and His Messenger have spoken the truth.' But the people of Iraq attribute lies to him and add things of their own to his words."
