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مسند أبي يعلى الموصلي
Musnad Abi Ya'la al-Mawsili
أول مسند ابن عباس
Beginning of the Musnad of Ibn Abbas
أَوَّلُ مُسْنَدِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ
Beginning of the Musnad of Ibn Abbas
Musnad Abi Ya'la 2668 — from Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas
وَعَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، فِي قَوْلِهِ عز وجل {الَّذِينَ يَأْكُلُونَ الرِّبَا لَا يَقُومُونَ إِلَّا كَمَا يَقُومُ الَّذِي يَتَخَبَّطُهُ الشَّيْطَانُ مِنَ الْمَسِّ} [البقرة: 275] قَالَ: «يُعْرَفُونَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ بِذَلِكَ، لَا يَسْتَطِيعُونَ الْقِيَامَ إِلَّا كَمَا يَقُومُ الْمَجْنُونُ الْمُخَنَّقُ» {ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ قَالُوا إِنَّمَا الْبَيْعُ مِثْلُ الرِّبَا} [البقرة: 275] «- وَكَذَبُوا عَلَى اللَّهِ -» {وَأَحَلَّ اللَّهُ الْبَيْعَ وَحَرَّمَ الرِّبَا فَمَنْ جَاءَهُ مَوْعِظَةٌ مِنْ رَبِّهِ فَانْتَهَى} [البقرة: 275] إِلَى قَوْلِهِ {وَمَنْ عَادَ} [البقرة: 275] «فَأَكَلَ الرِّبَا» {فَأُولَئِكَ أَصْحَابُ النَّارِ هُمْ فِيهَا خَالِدُونَ} [البقرة: 81] وَقَوْلُهُ {يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَذَرُوا مَا بَقِيَ مِنَ الرِّبَا إِنْ كُنْتُمْ مُؤْمِنِينَ فَإِنْ لَمْ تَفْعَلُوا فَأْذَنُوا بِحَرْبٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ} [البقرة: 279] إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ، " فَبَلَغَنَا - وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ - أَنَّ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ نَزَلَتْ فِي بَنِي عَمْرِو بْنِ عُمَيْرِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ مِنْ ثَقِيفٍ، وَفِي بَنِي الْمُغِيرَةِ مِنْ بَنِي مَخْزُومٍ، كَانَتْ بَنُو الْمُغِيرَةِ يُرْبُونَ لِثَقِيفٍ، فَلَمَّا أَظْهَرَ اللَّهُ رَسُولَهُ عَلَى مَكَّةَ، وَضَعَ يَوْمَئِذٍ الرِّبَا كُلَّهُ، وَكَانَ أَهْلُ الطَّائِفِ قَدْ صَالَحُوا عَلَى أَنَّ لَهُمْ رِبَاهُمْ، وَمَا كَانَ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنْ رَبًّا فَهُوَ مَوْضُوعٌ، وَكَتَبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم فِي آخِرِ صَحِيفَتِهِمْ أَنَّ لَهُمْ مَا لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَعَلَيْهِمْ مَا عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ، أَنْ لَا يَأْكُلُوا الرِّبَا وَلَا يُؤَاكِلُوهُ، فَأَتَاهُمْ بَنُو عَمْرِو بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ، وَبَنُو الْمُغِيرَةِ إِلَى عَتَّابِ بْنِ أَسِيدٍ، وَهُوَ عَلَى مَكَّةَ، فَقَالَ بَنُو الْمُغِيرَةِ: مَا جَعَلْنَا أَشْقَى النَّاسِ بِالرِّبَا؟ وُضِعَ عَنِ النَّاسِ غَيْرِنَا، فَقَالَ بَنُو عَمْرِو بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ: صُولِحْنَا عَلَى أَنَّ لَنَا رِبَانَا، فَكَتَبَ عَتَّابُ بْنُ أَسِيدٍ فِي ذَلِكَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَنَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ {فَإِنْ لَمْ تَفْعَلُوا فَأْذَنُوا بِحَرْبٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ} [البقرة: 279] فَعَرَفَ بَنُو عَمْرٍو أَنَّ الْإِيذَانَ لَهُمْ بِحَرْبٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ بِقَوْلِهِ {وَإِنْ تُبْتُمْ فَلَكُمْ رُءُوسُ أَمْوَالِكُمْ لَا تَظْلِمُونَ وَلَا تُظْلَمُونَ} لَا تَظْلِمُونَ فَتَأْخُذُونَ أَكْثَرَ، وَلَا تُظْلَمُونَ فَتُبْخَسُونَ مِنْهُ {وَإِنْ كَانَ ذُو عُسْرَةٍ} [البقرة: 280] أَنْ تَذَرُوهُ خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ {فَنَظِرَةٌ إِلَى مَيْسَرَةٍ وَأَنْ تَصَدَّقُوا خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ وَاتَّقُوا يَوْمًا تُرْجَعُونَ فِيهِ إِلَى اللَّهِ ثُمَّ تُوَفَّى كُلُّ نَفْسٍ مَا كَسَبَتْ وَهُمْ لَا يُظْلَمُونَ} [البقرة: 280] فَذَكَرُوا أَنَّ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ نَزَلَتْ وَآخَرُ آيَةٍ مِنْ سُورَةِ النِّسَاءِ نَزَلَتَا آخِرَ الْقُرْآنِ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both), concerning the words of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, 'Those who consume usury (riba) will not stand except as one stands whom Satan has driven to madness by his touch,' that he (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "On the Day of Resurrection they will be recognised by this condition; they will not have the strength to stand except as one stands whom Satan has touched and made bewildered and insane." And in the interpretation of the divine words, 'That is because they said: Trade is only like usury,' he said: "They said this, lying against Allah." Then he recited from 'But Allah has permitted trade and forbidden usury. So whoever receives an admonition from his Lord and desists' up to 'And whoever returns,' that is, "whoever consumes usury again," 'those are the companions of the Fire; they will abide therein forever.' And concerning the words of Allah Almighty, 'O you who believe, fear Allah and give up what remains of usury, if you are believers. And if you do not, then be informed of a war from Allah,' to the end of the verse: it has reached us, and Allah knows best, that this verse was revealed concerning Banu Amr bin Umayr bin Awf of the tribe of Thaqif and Banu al-Mughirah of Banu Makhzum. Banu al-Mughirah used to do usurious business for Banu Thaqif. Then, when Allah Almighty granted His Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) victory over Makkah, he (peace and blessings be upon him) abolished all usurious dealings on that day. The people of Ta'if had made peace on the condition that their usury (owed to them by others) would remain, while whatever usury they owed would be considered cancelled. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) wrote at the end of their document that they have the same rights as the Muslims and the same obligations as the Muslims, and that they will neither consume usury nor deal in usury. Then the people of Banu Amr bin Umayr and Banu al-Mughirah came to Sayyiduna Attab bin Asid (may Allah be pleased with him), the governor of Makkah, and Banu al-Mughirah said: "Why have we been made the most deprived of people in the matter of usury, when it has been abolished for everyone besides us?" Upon this Banu Amr bin Umayr said: "Our peace was made on the basis that we would receive our usury." Sayyiduna Attab bin Asid (may Allah be pleased with him) wrote to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) about this situation, and this verse was revealed: 'And if you do not, then be informed of a war from Allah and His Messenger.' So Banu Amr understood that they had been given an ultimatum of war from Allah and His Messenger. Then Allah said: 'But if you repent, you may have your principal; you will not wrong, nor will you be wronged,' that is, "you are not to do wrong (by taking more), nor are you to be wronged by having your principal reduced." And the meaning of 'And if one is in hardship' is: "you should grant him respite; that is better for you, if you only knew": 'then let there be respite until a time of ease. And that you give it as charity is better for you, if you only knew. And fear a Day on which you will be returned to Allah; then every soul will be paid in full what it has earned, and they will not be wronged.' The narrators mentioned that this verse and the last verse of Surah al-Nisa' are among the last verses of the Noble Qur'an to be revealed.
