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مسند أبي يعلى الموصلي
Musnad Abi Ya'la al-Mawsili
أول مسند ابن عباس
Beginning of the Musnad of Ibn Abbas
أَوَّلُ مُسْنَدِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ
Beginning of the Musnad of Ibn Abbas
Musnad Abi Ya'la 2617 — Sayyiduna Abu Sufyan bin Harb told him that he
قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو سُفْيَانَ بْنُ حَرْبٍ أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا بِالشَّامِ تُجَّارًا وَذَلِكَ فِي الْمُدَّةِ الَّتِي كَانَتْ بَيْنَ رَسُولِ اللهِ - صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - وَبَيْنَ كُفَّارِ قُرَيْشٍ ، قَالَ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ فَأَتَانَا رَسُولُ قَيْصَرَ فَانْطَلَقَ بِي وَبِأَصْحَابِي حَتَّى قَدِمْنَا إِيلِيَاءَ فَأُدْخِلْنَا عَلَيْهِ ، فَإِذَا هُوَ جَالِسٌ فِي مَجْلِسِ مُلْكِهِ عَلَيْهِ التَّاجُ ، وَإِذَا عُظَمَاءُ الرُّومِ فَقَالَ لِتَرْجُمَانِهِ سَلْهُمْ أَيُّهُمْ أَقْرَبُ إِلَى هَذَا الرَّجُلِ الَّذِي يَزْعُمُ أَنَّهُ نَبِيٌّ ، قَالَ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ أَنَا أَقْرَبُهُمْ ، قَالَ : فَمَا قَرَابَتُكَ ؟ قَالَ : قُلْتُ هُوَ ابْنُ عَمِّي ، وَلَيْسَ فِي الرَّكْبِ يَوْمَئِذٍ رَجُلٌ مِنْ بَنِي عَبْدِ مَنَافٍ غَيْرِي ، قَالَ : فَقَالَ قَيْصَرُ : أَدْنُوهُ مِنِّي ، فَأَمَرَ بِأَصْحَابِي فَجُعِلُوا خَلْفَ ظَهْرِي ثُمَّ قَالَ لِتَرْجُمَانِهِ إِنِّي سَائِلٌ هَذَا عَنْ هَذَا الرَّجُلِ الَّذِي يَزْعُمُ أَنَّهُ نَبِيٌّ ، فَإِنْ كَذَبَ فَكَذِّبُوهُ .
قَالَ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ : لَوْلَا الِاسْتِحْيَاءُ يَوْمَئِذٍ مِنْ أَنْ يَأْثِرَ أَصْحَابِي عَنِّي الْكَذِبَ لَكَذَبْتُهُ حِينَ سَأَلَ ، وَلَكِنِّي اسْتَحْيَيْتُ أَنْ يَأْثِرُوا عَنِّي الْكَذِبَ ، فَصَدَقْتُ عَنْهُ ، ثُمَّ قَالَ لِتَرْجُمَانِهِ : قُلْ : كَيْفَ نَسَبُ هَذَا الرَّجُلِ فِيكُمْ ، قَالَ : قُلْتُ هُوَ فِينَا ذُو نَسَبٍ ، قَالَ : فَهَلْ قَالَ هَذَا الْقَوْلَ فِيكُمْ أَحَدٌ قَبْلَهُ قَطُّ ؟ قُلْتُ: لَا ، قَالَ : فَهَلْ كُنْتُمْ تَتَّهِمُونَهُ بِالْكَذِبِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقُولَ مَا قَالَ ؟ قُلْتُ : لَا ، قَالَ : فَهَلْ كَانَ مِنْ آبَائِهِ مَلِكٌ ؟ قَالَ : قُلْتُ : لَا ، قَالَ : فَأَشْرَافُ النَّاسِ اتَّبَعُوهُ أَمْ ضُعَفَاؤُهُمْ ؟ قَالَ : بَلْ ضُعَفَاؤُهُمْ . قَالَ : فَيَزِيدُونَ أَمْ يَنْقُصُونَ ؟ قَالَ : قُلْتُ بَلْ يَزِيدُونَ ، قَالَ : فَهَلْ يَغْدِرُ ؟ قَالَ : قُلْتُ : لَا ، وَنَحْنُ الْآنَ مِنْهُ فِي مُدَّةٍ ، فَنَحْنُ نَخَافُ ذَلِكَ ، قَالَ : فَقَالَ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ : فَلَمْ تُمْكِنِّي كَلِمَةٌ أَدْخُلُ فِيهَا بِشَيْءٍ أَنْتَقِصُهُ بِهِ لِأَنِّي أَخَافُ أَنْ يُؤْثَرَ عَنِّي غَيْرُهَا . قَالَ : فَهَلْ قَاتَلْتُمُوهُ ؟ قَالَ : قُلْتُ : نَعَمْ . قَالَ : كَيْفَ كَانَتْ حَرْبُكُمْ وَحَرْبُهُ ؟ قَالَ : قُلْتُ : كَانَتْ سِجَالًا يُدَالُ عَلَيْنَا الْمَرَّةَ ، وَيُدَالُ عَلَيْهِ الْأُخْرَى . قَالَ : فَبِمَاذَا يَأْمُرُكُمْ ؟ قُلْتُ : يَأْمُرُنَا أَنْ نَعْبُدَ اللهَ لَا نُشْرِكَ بِهِ شَيْئًا ، وَيَنْهَانَا عَمَّا كَانَ يَعْبُدُ آبَاؤُنَا ، وَيَأْمُرُنَا بِالصَّلَاةِ وَالصَّدَقَةِ ، وَالْوَفَاءِ بِالْعَهْدِ ، وَأَدَاءِ الْأَمَانَةِ .
قَالَ : فَقَالَ لِتَرْجُمَانِهِ حِينَ قُلْتُ ذَلِكَ : سَأَلْتُكَ عَنْ نَسَبِهِ فِيكُمْ ؟ فَزَعَمْتَ أَنَّهُ فِيكُمْ ذُو نَسَبٍ ، وَكَذَلِكَ الرُّسُلُ تُبْعَثُ بِأَنْسَابِ قَوْمِهَا ، وَسَأَلْتُكَ هَلْ قَالَ هَذَا الْقَوْلَ مِنْكُمْ أَحَدٌ قَبْلَهُ ؟ فَزَعَمْتَ أَنْ لَا ، فَقُلْتُ : لَوْ كَانَ أَحَدٌ مِنْهُمْ قَالَ هَذَا الْقَوْلَ قَبْلَهُ ، قُلْتُ رَجُلٌ يَأْتَمُّ بِقَوْلٍ قِيلَ قَبْلَهُ ، وَسَأَلْتُكَ : هَلْ كُنْتُمْ تَتَّهِمُونَهُ بِالْكَذِبِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقُولَ مَا قَالَ ؟ فَزَعَمْتَ أَنْ لَا ، فَقُلْتُ : إِنَّهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ لِيَذَرَ الْكَذِبَ عَلَى النَّاسِ وَيَكْذِبَ عَلَى اللهِ ، وَسَأَلْتُكَ : هَلْ كَانَ مِنْ آبَائِهِ مَلِكٌ ؟ فَزَعَمْتَ أَنْ لَا ، فَقُلْتُ : لَوْ كَانَ مِنْ آبَائِهِ مَلِكٌ ، قُلْتُ : رَجُلٌ يَطْلُبُ مُلْكَ أَبِيهِ ، وَسَأَلْتُكَ : أَشْرَافُ النَّاسِ يَتَّبِعُونَهُ أَمْ ضُعَفَاؤُهُمْ ؟ فَزَعَمْتَ أَنَّ ضُعَفَاءَهُمُ اتَّبَعُوهُ ، وَهُمْ أَتْبَاعُ الرُّسُلِ ، وَسَأَلْتُكَ ... فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ ، وَالْحَدِيثُ فِي حَدِيثِ سُوَيْدٍ .
قَالَ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ : لَوْلَا الِاسْتِحْيَاءُ يَوْمَئِذٍ مِنْ أَنْ يَأْثِرَ أَصْحَابِي عَنِّي الْكَذِبَ لَكَذَبْتُهُ حِينَ سَأَلَ ، وَلَكِنِّي اسْتَحْيَيْتُ أَنْ يَأْثِرُوا عَنِّي الْكَذِبَ ، فَصَدَقْتُ عَنْهُ ، ثُمَّ قَالَ لِتَرْجُمَانِهِ : قُلْ : كَيْفَ نَسَبُ هَذَا الرَّجُلِ فِيكُمْ ، قَالَ : قُلْتُ هُوَ فِينَا ذُو نَسَبٍ ، قَالَ : فَهَلْ قَالَ هَذَا الْقَوْلَ فِيكُمْ أَحَدٌ قَبْلَهُ قَطُّ ؟ قُلْتُ: لَا ، قَالَ : فَهَلْ كُنْتُمْ تَتَّهِمُونَهُ بِالْكَذِبِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقُولَ مَا قَالَ ؟ قُلْتُ : لَا ، قَالَ : فَهَلْ كَانَ مِنْ آبَائِهِ مَلِكٌ ؟ قَالَ : قُلْتُ : لَا ، قَالَ : فَأَشْرَافُ النَّاسِ اتَّبَعُوهُ أَمْ ضُعَفَاؤُهُمْ ؟ قَالَ : بَلْ ضُعَفَاؤُهُمْ . قَالَ : فَيَزِيدُونَ أَمْ يَنْقُصُونَ ؟ قَالَ : قُلْتُ بَلْ يَزِيدُونَ ، قَالَ : فَهَلْ يَغْدِرُ ؟ قَالَ : قُلْتُ : لَا ، وَنَحْنُ الْآنَ مِنْهُ فِي مُدَّةٍ ، فَنَحْنُ نَخَافُ ذَلِكَ ، قَالَ : فَقَالَ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ : فَلَمْ تُمْكِنِّي كَلِمَةٌ أَدْخُلُ فِيهَا بِشَيْءٍ أَنْتَقِصُهُ بِهِ لِأَنِّي أَخَافُ أَنْ يُؤْثَرَ عَنِّي غَيْرُهَا . قَالَ : فَهَلْ قَاتَلْتُمُوهُ ؟ قَالَ : قُلْتُ : نَعَمْ . قَالَ : كَيْفَ كَانَتْ حَرْبُكُمْ وَحَرْبُهُ ؟ قَالَ : قُلْتُ : كَانَتْ سِجَالًا يُدَالُ عَلَيْنَا الْمَرَّةَ ، وَيُدَالُ عَلَيْهِ الْأُخْرَى . قَالَ : فَبِمَاذَا يَأْمُرُكُمْ ؟ قُلْتُ : يَأْمُرُنَا أَنْ نَعْبُدَ اللهَ لَا نُشْرِكَ بِهِ شَيْئًا ، وَيَنْهَانَا عَمَّا كَانَ يَعْبُدُ آبَاؤُنَا ، وَيَأْمُرُنَا بِالصَّلَاةِ وَالصَّدَقَةِ ، وَالْوَفَاءِ بِالْعَهْدِ ، وَأَدَاءِ الْأَمَانَةِ .
قَالَ : فَقَالَ لِتَرْجُمَانِهِ حِينَ قُلْتُ ذَلِكَ : سَأَلْتُكَ عَنْ نَسَبِهِ فِيكُمْ ؟ فَزَعَمْتَ أَنَّهُ فِيكُمْ ذُو نَسَبٍ ، وَكَذَلِكَ الرُّسُلُ تُبْعَثُ بِأَنْسَابِ قَوْمِهَا ، وَسَأَلْتُكَ هَلْ قَالَ هَذَا الْقَوْلَ مِنْكُمْ أَحَدٌ قَبْلَهُ ؟ فَزَعَمْتَ أَنْ لَا ، فَقُلْتُ : لَوْ كَانَ أَحَدٌ مِنْهُمْ قَالَ هَذَا الْقَوْلَ قَبْلَهُ ، قُلْتُ رَجُلٌ يَأْتَمُّ بِقَوْلٍ قِيلَ قَبْلَهُ ، وَسَأَلْتُكَ : هَلْ كُنْتُمْ تَتَّهِمُونَهُ بِالْكَذِبِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقُولَ مَا قَالَ ؟ فَزَعَمْتَ أَنْ لَا ، فَقُلْتُ : إِنَّهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ لِيَذَرَ الْكَذِبَ عَلَى النَّاسِ وَيَكْذِبَ عَلَى اللهِ ، وَسَأَلْتُكَ : هَلْ كَانَ مِنْ آبَائِهِ مَلِكٌ ؟ فَزَعَمْتَ أَنْ لَا ، فَقُلْتُ : لَوْ كَانَ مِنْ آبَائِهِ مَلِكٌ ، قُلْتُ : رَجُلٌ يَطْلُبُ مُلْكَ أَبِيهِ ، وَسَأَلْتُكَ : أَشْرَافُ النَّاسِ يَتَّبِعُونَهُ أَمْ ضُعَفَاؤُهُمْ ؟ فَزَعَمْتَ أَنَّ ضُعَفَاءَهُمُ اتَّبَعُوهُ ، وَهُمْ أَتْبَاعُ الرُّسُلِ ، وَسَأَلْتُكَ ... فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ ، وَالْحَدِيثُ فِي حَدِيثِ سُوَيْدٍ .
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said that Sayyiduna Abu Sufyan bin Harb (may Allah be pleased with him) told him that he was in Syria with the other traders of Quraysh, and this was during the period when the truce (of Hudaybiyah) was in force between the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and the disbelievers of Quraysh. Sayyiduna Abu Sufyan (may Allah be pleased with him) said: A messenger of Caesar (the king of Rome) came to us and took me and my companions with him until we reached Iliya (Jerusalem). We were brought into his court, where he was sitting on his royal throne wearing a crown, with the great chiefs of the Romans around him. Caesar said to his interpreter: "Ask them which of them is the closest relative of this man (Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him)) who claims to be a prophet." Sayyiduna Abu Sufyan (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "I am his closest relative." He asked: "What is your relationship?" I replied: "He is my cousin." At that time there was no one else from Banu Abd Manaf in the caravan except me. Caesar ordered: "Bring him close to me," and ordered my companions to be placed behind me. Then he said to his interpreter: "I am going to ask this man some questions about this claimant to prophethood; if he lies, you (his companions) contradict him." Sayyiduna Abu Sufyan (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Had it not been for the shame of my companions attributing lies to me, I would certainly have lied (about him (peace and blessings be upon him)) when he questioned me; but I spoke the truth out of fear that they would accuse me of lying." Then Caesar said to his interpreter: "Ask him what lineage this man has among you." I said: "He is of the noblest lineage among us." He asked: "Has anyone among you ever said such a thing (claimed prophethood) before him?" I said: "No." He asked: "Before this claim, did you ever accuse him of lying?" I said: "No." He asked: "Was there any king among his forefathers?" I said: "No." He asked: "Are the great and influential people following him, or the weak?" I said: "Rather, the weak." He asked: "Are his followers increasing or decreasing?" I said: "Rather, they are increasing." He asked: "Does he ever break his covenant?" I said: "No, but we are now in a particular period (of truce) with him, and we fear that he may do so." Sayyiduna Abu Sufyan (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "In the whole conversation I could find no word other than this one sentence by which I could belittle him, because I feared that something else would be reported from me." Caesar asked: "Have you fought him?" I said: "Yes." He asked: "What is the outcome of the fighting between you and him?" I said: "War is like a bucket (that goes now to one side and now to the other): sometimes they prevail over us and sometimes we prevail over them." He asked: "What does he command you to do?" I said: "He commands us to worship Allah alone and not to associate anything with Him, forbids us to worship the idols our forefathers used to worship, and commands us to pray, to give charity, to fulfil covenants and to render trusts." When I had said all this, Caesar said to his interpreter: "Tell him: I asked you about his lineage, and you said that he is of noble lineage among you; and messengers are sent from the noblest lineage of their people. I asked you whether anyone among you had said such a thing before him, and you said no; had someone made such a claim before him, I would have thought that he was following that statement. I asked you whether you had ever accused him of lying before his claim, and you denied it, so I concluded that it is not possible for a man not to lie to people and then fabricate lies against Allah. I asked you whether there was a king among his forefathers, and you said no; had any of his ancestors been a king, I would have said that he wants to regain his father's kingdom. I asked you whether the noble people follow him or the weak, and you said that the weak are his followers; and these have always been the followers of the messengers." Then he mentioned the rest of the hadith, and this text is in the hadith narrated by Suwayd.
