Book of History

Sayyiduna Abu Bakr al-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) was caliph for two and a half years, and he passed away in the twelfth year of the emigration of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him).

Sayyiduna Umar al-Faruq (may Allah be pleased with him) was caliph for ten years and six months, and he was martyred in the month of Dhu al-Hijjah in 23 AH.

Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) was caliph for twelve years, and he was martyred in 35 AH in the month of Dhu al-Hijjah.

Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) was caliph for five years, and he was martyred in 40 AH on the night of the 21st of Ramadan; it was a Friday. And he died on the night of Sunday.

Sayyiduna Mu'awiyah (may Allah be pleased with him) was caliph for a little less than twenty years, and he passed away in 60 AH.

Yazid bin Mu'awiyah was ruler for three years and six months.

The trial of Sayyiduna Ibn al-Zubayr (may Allah be pleased with him) lasted nine years.

Marwan bin al-Hakam was ruler for nine or ten months.

Abd al-Malik bin Marwan was caliph for fourteen years.

Al-Walid was caliph for nine years.

Sulayman and Umar bin Abd al-Aziz were caliphs, each of them for two and a half years.

Hisham bin Abd al-Malik was caliph for twenty years less some months.

Al-Walid bin Yazid was caliph for about two years.

Yazid bin al-Walid bin Abd al-Malik was caliph for six months.

Ibrahim bin al-Walid was caliph for forty nights.

Marwan bin Muhammad bin Marwan was caliph for five years, and then the caliphate was seized from him.