مصنف ابن ابي شيبه
Musannaf Ibn Abi Shaybah
كتاب السير
Book of Military Conduct
ما يوصي به الإمام الولاة إذا بعثهم
What the imam instructs governors when he sends them
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٣٥١٢٩ - حدثنا أبو أسامة عن عبد اللَّه بن الوليد عن عاصم بن أبي النجود عن ابن خزيمة بن ثابت قال: كان عمر إذا استعمل رجلًا أشهد عليه رهطا من الأنصار وغيرهم، قال: يقول: إني لم أستعملك على دماء المسلمين ولا (١) أعراضهم، ولكني استعملتك عليهم لتقسم بينهم بالعدل، (وتقيم) (٢) فيهم الصلاة، واشترط عليه أن لا يأكل نقيا، ولا يلبس رقيقا، ولا يركب برذونا، ولا يغلق بابه دون حوائج الناس (٣).
The son of Sayyiduna Khuzaymah bin Thabit (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Whenever Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) appointed someone as governor, he would make a group of the Ansar and other Muslims witnesses over him and say: "I have not made you governor over the lives and honour of the Muslims. Rather, I have made you governor over them so that you may distribute justly among them and establish the prayer among them." And he (may Allah be pleased with him) would stipulate that he must not eat bread of sifted flour, nor wear fine clothing, nor ride a fine-bred horse, nor shut his door when people have needs.
٣٥١٣٠ - حدثنا ابن علية عن الجريري عن أبي نضرة عن أبي فراس قال: خطب عمر بن الخطاب فقال: ألا إني واللَّه ما أبعث إليكم عمالًا ليضربوا أبشاركم ولا ليأخذوا أموالكم، ولكن أبعثهم إليكم ليعلموكم دينكم وسنتكم، فمن فعل به سوى ذلك فليرفعه إلي، فوالذي نفسي بيده لأقصنه (منه) (١)، فوثب عمرو بن العاص فقال: يا أمير المؤمنين أرأيتك، إن كان رجل من المسلمين على رعية فأدب بعض (رعيته) (٢) إنك لمقصه منه؟ قال: أي والذي نفس عمر بيده (لأقصنه) (٣) منه، أنا لا أقصه منه وقد رأيت رسول اللَّه ﷺ يقص من نفسه، ألا لا تضربوا المسلمين فتذلوهم، ولا تمنعوهم من حقوقهم فتكفروهم، ولا تجمروهم فتفتنوهم، ولا ⦗٣١٧⦘ تنزلوهم الغياض (فتضيعوهم) (٤) (٥).
Abu Firas (may Allah have mercy on him) said that Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) delivered a sermon and said: "Listen! By Allah, I have not sent governors to you so that they may beat you and seize your wealth. Rather, I have sent them to you so that they may teach you your religion and the Sunnah of your Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). Anyone who is treated in any other way, let him bring the matter before me. By the One in whose hand is my soul, I will surely exact retaliation for him." At this Sayyiduna Amr bin al-As (may Allah be pleased with him) stood up and said: "O Commander of the Faithful, what is your view: if a man from among the Muslims is in authority over a group, and he disciplines one of his subjects, would you exact retaliation from him as well?" He (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Yes! By the One in whose hand is the soul of Umar, retaliation will surely be exacted from him as well. How could I not exact retaliation from him, when I have seen the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) offering retaliation against himself? Listen! Do not beat the Muslims and thereby humiliate them. Do not withhold their rights from them and thereby drive them to ingratitude. Do not hold them on the frontiers, keeping them from returning home, and thereby put them to trial. And do not settle them in places of dense thickets, so that they scatter and you thereby cause them to be lost."
٣٥١٣١ - حدثنا ابن علية عن الجريري عن أبي عثمان قال: كتب عمر إلي أبي موسى الأشعري أن اقطعوا الركب، وأنزوا على الخيل نزوًا، وألقوا الخفاف، و (احذوا) (١) النعال، وألقوا السراويلات، واتزروا وارموا (الأغراض) (٢)، وعليكم بلبس المعدية، وإياكم وهدي العجم، فإن شر الهدي هدي العجم (٣).
Abu Uthman (may Allah have mercy on him) said that Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) wrote a letter to Sayyiduna Abu Musa al-Ash'ari (may Allah be pleased with him) and said: "Cut off the stirrups and leap onto your horses. Take off your leather socks and wear sandals. Abandon trousers and tie on waist-wrappers. Shoot at targets. Hold fast to the dress of Ma'add, and beware of the ways of the non-Arabs, for the worst of ways are the ways of the non-Arabs."
٣٥١٣٢ - حدثنا وكيع قال: ثنا سفيان عن علقمة بن مرثد عن سليمان بن بريدة عن أبيه قال: كان رسول اللَّه ﷺ إذا بعث أميرًا على سرية أو جيش أوصاه في خاصة نفسه بتقوى اللَّه و (لمن) (١) معه من المسلمين خيرا قال: "اغزوا في سبيل اللَّه، قاتلوا من كفر باللَّه، اغزوا ولا تغلوا ولا تغدروا، ولا (تمثلوا) (٢) ولا تقتلوا وليدًا" (٣).
Sayyiduna Buraydah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Whenever the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) sent someone as commander over a detachment or an army, he (peace and blessings be upon him) would specially enjoin him to have taqwa of Allah, and enjoin him to treat well the Muslims who were with him. He would say: "Fight in the path of Allah. Fight those who disbelieve in Allah. Go forth, and do not embezzle, nor betray. Do not mutilate people by cutting off their hands and feet, and do not kill children."
٣٥١٣٣ - حدثنا محمد بن بشر قال: ثنا هشام بن سعد قال: سمعت زيد بن أسلم يذكر عن أبيه قال: رأيت عمر بن الخطاب استعمل مولاه (هنيا) (١) على الحمى، قال: فرأيته يقول هكذا: ويحك يا هني، ضم جناحك عن الناس، واتق دعوة المظلوم، فإن دعوة المظلوم مجابة، (و) (٢) أدخل رب الصريمة والغنيمة، ودعني من نعم ابن عفان وابن عوف، فإن ابن عوف وابن عفان إن هلكت ماشيتهما رجعا إلى المدينة إلى نخل وزرع، وإن هذا المسكين إن هلكت ماشيته جاءني يصيح: يا (أمير) (٣) المؤمنين، (يا أمير المؤمنين) (٤)؛ فالماء والكلأ أهون علي من أن أغرم ذهبًا وورقًا، واللَّه واللَّه واللَّه إنها لبلادهم في سبيل اللَّه قاتلوا عليها في الجاهلية وأسلموا عليها في الإسلام، ولولا هذا النعم الذي يحمل عليه في سبيل اللَّه ما حميت على الناس من بلادهم شيئًا (٥).
Aslam said: I saw that Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) appointed his freed slave Hunayy as governor over the reserved pasture. The narrator says: I heard him say to him: "Woe to you, O Hunayy! Be gentle with the people, and beware of the supplication of the oppressed, for the supplication of the oppressed is answered. Admit the owner of a small herd of camels and the owner of a small flock of sheep. And leave me out of the matter of the animals of Ibn Affan and Ibn Awf, for if the livestock of Ibn Awf and Ibn Affan were to perish, both of them would return to their date palms and crops in Madinah. But if the livestock of this poor man perishes, he will come to me crying out: 'O Commander of the Faithful! O Commander of the Faithful!' Water and fodder are easier for me than having to pay out gold and silver. By Allah! By Allah! By Allah! It is indeed their land, in the path of Allah. They fought for it in the Jahiliyyah and embraced Islam upon it in Islam. Were it not for these animals on which people are carried in the path of Allah, I would not have reserved any of their land from the people."
