مصنف ابن ابي شيبه
Musannaf Ibn Abi Shaybah
كتاب البيوع والأقضية
Book of Sales and Judgments
في القاضي ما ينبغي أن يبدأ به في قضائه
What a judge should begin with in his judging
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٢٤٤٨٨ - حدثنا أبو بكر قال: حدثنا وكيع عن شعبة عن (أبي) (١) عون عن الحارث بن (عمرو) (٢) (الهذلي) (٣) عن رجال من أهل حمص (من) (٤) أصحاب معاذ (عن) (٥) معاذ أن النبي ﷺ لما بعثه قال (له) (٦): "كيف تقضي؟ " قال: أقضي بما في كتاب اللَّه، قال: "فإن جاءك أمر ليس في كتاب اللَّه" قال: أقضي بسنة رسول اللَّه ﷺ (٧)، قال: "فإن لم تكن سنة من رسول اللَّه (٨)؟ " قال: أجتهد رأيي، قال: "الحمد للَّه (الذي) (٩) وفق رسول (رسول) (١٠) اللَّه ﷺ" (١١).
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Mu'adh (may Allah be pleased with him) that when the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) sent him to Yemen as a judge, he asked him: "How will you judge?" Sayyiduna Mu'adh (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "I will judge according to the Book of Allah." He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "What if a matter comes up that is not in the Book of Allah?" Sayyiduna Mu'adh said: "I will judge according to the Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)." He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "What if that matter is not in the Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) either?" Sayyiduna Mu'adh (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "I will judge according to my own opinion." He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "All praise is for Allah, who has granted success to the envoy of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)."
٢٤٤٨٩ - حدثنا أبو بكر قال: حدثنا أبو معاوية عن الشيباني عن محمد بن (عبيد اللَّه) (١) الثقفي قال: لما بعث رسول اللَّه ﷺ معاذًا إلى اليمن قال: "يا معاذ! ⦗٥١٧⦘ بم تقضي؟ " قال: أقضي بكتاب اللَّه، قال: "فإن جاءك أمر ليس في كتاب اللَّه"، (قال: أقضي بما قضى (به) (٢) نبيه ﷺ، قال: "فإن جاءك أمر ليس في كتاب اللَّه) (٣) ولم يقض فيه نبيه (ولم) (٤) يقض فيه الصالحون؟ " قال: أؤم الحق جهدي، قال: فقال رسول اللَّه ﷺ: "الحمد للَّه الذي جعل (رسول) (٥) رسول اللَّه ﷺ (٦) يقضي بما يرضى به رسول اللَّه ﷺ (٧) " (٨).
It is narrated from Muhammad bin Ubaydullah that when the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) sent Sayyiduna Mu'adh (may Allah be pleased with him) to Yemen as a judge, he said: "O Mu'adh! How will you judge?" Sayyiduna Mu'adh said: "I will judge according to the Book of Allah." He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "What if a matter comes up that is not in the Qur'an?" Sayyiduna Mu'adh said: "I will judge according to the judgment of the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him)." He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "What if a matter comes up that is not in the Qur'an, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) has not judged on it, and there is no judgment on it from the righteous people of earlier times either?" Sayyiduna Mu'adh (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "I will reach the correct judgment through my effort and opinion." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "All praise is for Allah, who has granted the envoy of the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) the ability to judge in accordance with what pleases the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)."
٢٤٤٩٠ - حدثنا أبو بكر قال: حدثنا علي بن مسهر عن الشيباني عن الشعبي عن شريح أن عمر بن الخطاب ﵁ كتب (إليه) (١): إذا جاءك شيء في كتاب اللَّه فاقض به، ولا يلفتنك عنه الرجال، (فإن) (٢) (جاءك) (٣) أمر ليس في كتاب اللَّه فانظر سنة رسول اللَّه ﷺ فاقض بها، فإن جاءك (ما) (٤) ليس في كتاب اللَّه وليس فيه (سنة) (٥) من رسول اللَّه ﷺ (٦) فانظر ما اجتمع (عليه الناس) (٧) فخذ ⦗٥١٨⦘ (به، فإن جاءك ما ليس في كتاب اللَّه ولم يكن فيه سنة من رسول اللَّه ﷺ ولم يتكلم فيه أحد قبلك فاختر) (٨) أي الأمرين شئت: إن شئت أن تجتهد (برأيك) (٩) وتقدم فتقدم، وإن شئت أن (تتأخر) (١٠) فتأخر، ولا أرى التأخر إلا خيرًا لك (١١).
Shurayh said that Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) wrote to him: "If there is a matter that is in the Qur'an, judge according to it, and do not let people turn you away from it. If a matter comes up that is not in the Qur'an, look to the Sunnah of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and judge according to it. If there is a matter that is neither in the Qur'an nor in the Sunnah of the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him), then look to what the people have agreed upon and take that judgment. And if a matter comes up that is not in the Qur'an, nor in the Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah, and no one before you has judged on it, then choose one of two courses: if you wish to exercise your own opinion and go ahead of the people, you may go ahead; and if you wish to hold yourself back, you may hold back. I consider holding back to be nothing but good for you."
٢٤٤٩١ - حدثنا أبو بكر قال: حدثنا أبو معاوية عن الأعمش عن عمارة عن عبد الرحمن بن (يزيد) (١) قال: أكثروا على (٢) عبد اللَّه ذات يوم فقال: يا أيها الناس! قد أتى علينا زمان لسنا نقضي، ولسنا هناك، ثم إن اللَّه (قدّر أن بلّغنا) (٣) من الأمر ما ترون، فمن عرض له منكم (قضاء) (٤) بعد اليوم فليقض بما في كتاب اللَّه، فإن جاءه أمر ليس في كتاب اللَّه فليقض بما قضى (به) (٥) نبيه ﷺ، [فإن جاءه أمر ليس في كتاب اللَّه ولم يقض به نبيه (فليقض بما قضى به الصالحون، فإن أتاه أمر ليس في كتاب اللَّه ولم يقض به رسول اللَّه ﷺ) (٦)] (٧) ولم يقض به الصالحون فليجتهد (رأيه) (٨) ولا (يقول) (٩): ⦗٥١٩⦘ إني أرى وإني أخاف، فإن الحلال بين والحرام بين، وبين ذلك أمور (مشتبهات) (١٠) فدع ما يريبك إلى ما لا يريبك (١١).
It is narrated from Abd al-Rahman bin Yazid that one day people pressed Sayyiduna Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him) with many questions, and he said: "O people! A time has passed over us when we did not judge, nor were we present in the place of judgment. Then Allah Almighty placed the work of leadership in our destiny, as you see. So after today, whoever among you is faced with a case to judge should judge according to the Qur'an. If a matter comes up that is not in the Qur'an, he should judge according to the Sunnah of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). If a matter comes up that is not in the Qur'an and hadith, then judge according to what the righteous have decided. And if there is a matter that is not in the Qur'an and Sunnah, and on which the righteous have not decided either, then exercise your own opinion, and let him not say: 'I think' and 'I fear.' Indeed, the lawful is clear and the unlawful is clear, and between them are some doubtful matters. So leave what puts you in doubt and take what is certain."
٢٤٤٩٢ - حدثنا أبو بكر قال: حدثنا ابن أبي زائدة عن الأعمش عن عمارة عن عبد الرحمن بن يزيد عن عبد اللَّه مثل حديث (أبي) (١) معاوية (٢).
Something similar is also narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him).
٢٤٤٩٣ - حدثنا أبو بكر قال: حدثنا ابن أبي زائدة عن الأعمش عن القاسم عن أبيه عن عبد اللَّه نحوه إلا أنه زاد فيه "فإن أتاه أمر لا يعرفه (فليقر) (١) ولا يستحي" (٢).
Something similar is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him), except that it adds: If a matter comes up which he does not know, he should admit it (that is, accept that he does not know this matter) and should not feel shy.
٢٤٤٩٤ - حدثنا أبو بكر قال: حدثنا ابن عيينة عن (عبيد اللَّه) (١) بن أبي (يزيد) (٢) قال: كان ابن عباس إذا سئل عن الأمر، وكان في القرآن أخبر به، وإن لم يكن في القرآن فكان عن رسول اللَّه ﷺ، أخبر به، فإن لم يكن فعن أبي بكر وعمر ﵄ (٣)، فإن لم يكن قال: فيه برأيه (٤).
When Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) was asked about something and it was in the Qur'an, he would tell it. If it was not in the Qur'an but was in the hadith of the Messenger, he would tell that. If it was not there, he would look in the sayings of Sayyiduna Abu Bakr and Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both). And if he did not find it there either, he would exercise his own opinion.
