Those who disliked giving land for a third or a quarter

It is narrated from Sayyiduna Rafi' bin Khadij (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade us something that was beneficial to us. He (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade us, when one of us has land, from giving it to someone for a portion of its yield, a third or a half. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever has land, let him cultivate it himself or leave it for one of his brothers."

Ibn Ma'qil was asked about sharecropping (muzara'ah), and he said: Sayyiduna Thabit bin al-Dahhak (may Allah be pleased with him) informed me that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade it.

It is narrated from Sayyiduna Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade giving land for a share of the crop (mukhabarah).

Amr (may Allah have mercy on him) said: I heard Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) saying: We used to give land for a share of the crop (mukhabarah) and saw no harm in it, until Sayyiduna Rafi' bin Khadij (may Allah be pleased with him) claimed that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) had forbidden it, so we abandoned it because of him.

It is narrated from Sayyiduna Zayd bin Thabit (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade giving land for a share of the crop (mukhabarah). The narrator said: I said: What is meant by mukhabarah? He said: Taking land for a share of the crop, for a half, a third or a quarter.

Habib bin Abi Thabit said: I was sitting with Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) in the Sacred Mosque when a man came to him and said: We take land from the landlords and work it with our own seed and oxen, and we take our due and give them their due. He (may Allah be pleased with him) said to him: Take your capital and do not give anything back to him. He asked him three times, and all three times he gave him this same answer.

Ikrimah disliked sharecropping (muzara'ah) for a third or a quarter.

Ibrahim (may Allah have mercy on him) disliked sharecropping (muzara'ah) for a third or a quarter.

Sayyiduna Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) disliked renting out land.

Tawus said: Land is not to be rented out, not even for a single seed, or he said: a single clod of earth.

It is narrated from Sayyiduna Rafi' bin Khadij (may Allah be pleased with him) that Sayyiduna Abu Rafi' (may Allah be pleased with him) came to us from the presence of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) has forbidden us something that was an ease for us, but obedience to Allah and His Messenger is a greater ease for us. He has forbidden that any of us should farm except land whose title he owns or land that a man has given him to use free of charge.

Al-Dahhak bin Muzahim said: Only two arrangements regarding land are proper: land that a man who owns its title gives you for temporary use, or land that you have hired for a fixed term at a fixed wage.

Ibrahim said: The best principle of farming is that a man hires bare land for a known wage.

Mujahid (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Farming is not proper except on land whose title you own, or land that someone has given you temporarily to benefit from.

Rifa'ah bin Rafi' bin Khadij said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade sharecropping (muzara'ah) and hiring (ijarah) of land, except that a man buys it or is lent it.

Then he said: My father lent a piece of land to a man, who farmed it and put up a building on it. Then he went out to it and saw the building, and said: Who built this? They said: So-and-so, the one to whom you lent it. He said: Is it in exchange for what I gave him? They said: Yes. He said: I will not leave until you demolish it.