Those who said: a charitable gift is not valid until it is taken into possession

Al-Zuhri said: A man gave one hundred dinars in charity to his son. The two of them were partners and the money was in the son's hands. This charity is not valid until he takes possession of it. The ruling of Sayyiduna Abu Bakr and Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) is that if he did not take possession, he receives nothing.

Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: What is the matter with people who willingly give wealth to their children, but when a son of one of them dies he says, "This is my wealth and it is in my possession," and when he himself dies he says, "I had willingly given it to my son"? A willing gift is only one that the child, not the father, takes possession of.

Sa'id said: A complaint was made to Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) that a small child cannot take possession of property. His view was that when the father makes the gift and has it witnessed, it is valid.

Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Charity is not valid without possession, except for a child who is with his parents; the possession of the parents is his possession.

Al-Sha'bi said: Charity is not valid without possession.

The same is reported through another chain.

Shurayh said: Charity is not valid without possession.

Sayyiduna Mu'adh (may Allah be pleased with him) and Shurayh said: Charity is not valid without possession, except for a child who is with his parents.

Al-Nadr bin Anas said: My father willingly gave me half of his house. Abu Burdah said to me: "If you want it to be valid, take possession of it, for the ruling of Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) is that in willing gifts, whatever has been taken into possession is valid, and otherwise it goes into the inheritance."

Al-Hakam and Hammad said: Charity is not valid without possession.

Ibrahim said: When charity is made known it takes effect even if possession has not been taken. If the giver says, "My house at such-and-such a place," or "My slave," it is valid even if possession has not been taken.

Sayyiduna Ali and Sayyiduna Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: When charity is made known it is valid, even if possession has not been taken.

Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) gave me a gift amounting to twenty wasqs. When his death drew near, he said: "It would have been better if you had taken possession of it or harvested it, for now it has become the property of the heirs."

Sayyiduna Ibn Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) said: When charity is made known, ownership is established, whether or not possession has been taken.

Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: Charity is not established until possession is taken.

Ibrahim said: Charity takes effect even without possession.

Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: Charity is not valid without possession.