Musannaf Ibn Abi Shaybah 39673 — Reports on the conquest of Makkah

It is narrated from Ikrimah that when the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) made peace with the people of Makkah, the tribe of Khuza'ah had been allies of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) even in the Jahiliyyah, and Banu Bakr were allies of Quraysh. So (in this peace too) Khuza'ah entered into the peace of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and Banu Bakr entered into the peace of Quraysh. Then a fight broke out between Banu Khuza'ah and Banu Bakr, and Quraysh gave Banu Bakr plenty of help with weapons and food, and (as it were) cast a shade over them. So Banu Bakr prevailed over Khuza'ah and killed many people of Khuza'ah. Then Quraysh came to think that they had broken their covenant (made with the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him)). So they said to Abu Sufyan: "Go to Muhammad, have the treaty renewed and make peace among the people." 2. Abu Sufyan set off until he reached Madinah, and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Indeed Abu Sufyan is coming to you, and he will soon return pleased, without (having fulfilled) his need." So Abu Sufyan came to Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) and said: "O Abu Bakr, uphold the treaty and keep the peace among the people," or he said these words: "keep the peace among your people." Sayyiduna Abu Bakr replied: "This matter is not in my power; it is in the power of Allah and His Messenger." The narrator said: Among the things Abu Sufyan said to Sayyiduna Abu Bakr was this: "It is not the case that if one people have helped another with weapons and food and cast a shade over them, they have thereby broken the covenant." Sayyiduna Abu Bakr replied: "This matter is in the power of Allah and His Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him)." 3. Then Abu Sufyan came to Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) and said to him words like those he had said to Sayyiduna Abu Bakr. The narrator said: Sayyiduna Umar asked him: "Have you broken the covenant? Then whatever of it was new, Allah Almighty has worn it out, and whatever of it was firm and strong, Allah Almighty has cut it." Abu Sufyan said: "I have never seen, as I have today, a witness for his clan." Then Abu Sufyan came to Sayyidah Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her) and said: "O Fatimah, will you do something by which you will become the leader of the women of your people?" Then Abu Sufyan mentioned to her words like those he had said to Sayyiduna Abu Bakr. Sayyidah Fatimah replied: "This matter is not in my authority; (rather) this matter is in the authority of Allah and His Messenger." Then Abu Sufyan came to Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) and said words like those he had said to Sayyiduna Abu Bakr. Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) answered him: "I have never seen a man more astray than (the man of) today! You are the leader of the people, so uphold the treaty and make peace among the people." The narrator said: Abu Sufyan struck one of his hands on the other and said: "Indeed I have granted protection to the people, some from others." 4. Then Abu Sufyan set off until he reached the people of Makkah and told them what he had done. They said (in reply): "By Allah, we have never seen a representative of a people like (the one of) today. By Allah, you have neither brought us news of war that we might guard (against it), nor brought us news of peace that we might feel safe. (So) go back." 5. The narrator said: (Meanwhile) the representative delegation of the tribe of Khuza'ah reached the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), told him (peace and blessings be upon him) what the polytheists of Makkah had done, called him (peace and blessings be upon him) to help, and stated this in these verses: "O Allah, I remind Muhammad of the old covenant of our fathers and his. And (of this,) that you are a father and we are sons. Indeed Quraysh have broken their promise to you, and have broken your firm covenant, and have laid an ambush for us at the place of Kada'. And they have supposed that I would call no one (for help), though they are few in number and abject. They attacked us at the place of al-Watir by night, while we were reciting the Qur'an in bowing and prostration. We accepted Islam and did not withdraw our hand. So, O Messenger of Allah, give strong help, and rouse the armies of Allah so that they come to you for help, in a host like the foaming sea. Among them is the Messenger of Allah, stripped for battle; if he is subjected to humiliation, his face darkens." Hammad said: Some of this poetry is from Ayyub, some from Yazid bin Hazim, and most of it from Muhammad bin Ishaq. Then he returned to the narration of Ayyub from Ikrimah, who said: Sayyiduna Hassan bin Thabit (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "It has reached me, though I did not witness it in the valley of Makkah, that the men of Banu Ka'b have had their necks cut. And Safwan is an old camel that has collapsed from the sores of his rump; that is the time when the bandage of war is tightened. So do not grieve, O son of Umm Mujalid, for war has shown itself pure and its fang has hardened. Would that I knew whether Suhayl bin Amr will ever suffer its sin and its punishment." He said: Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered the march, and they marched until they camped at Marr. Abu Sufyan came and camped at Marr by night, and he saw the camp and the fires. He said: "Who are these?" It was said: "This is Tamim, whose land has become barren, so they have sought pasture in your land." He said: "By Allah, these are more than the people of Mina," or he said: "like the people of Mina." When he learned that it was the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), he said: "Direct me to al-Abbas." He came to Sayyiduna al-Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) and told him the news, and he took him to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), who was in a tent of his. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said to him: "O Abu Sufyan, accept Islam and you will be safe." He said: "What shall I do with al-Lat and al-Uzza?" Ayyub said: Abu al-Khalil narrated to me from Sa'id bin Jubayr, who said: Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab, who was outside the tent with a sword hanging from his neck, said to him: "Relieve yourself on them! By Allah, if you were outside the tent, you would never have said it." Abu Sufyan said: "Who is this?" They said: "Umar bin al-Khattab." Then he returned to the narration of Ayyub from Ikrimah: Abu Sufyan accepted Islam, and Sayyiduna al-Abbas took him to his lodging. When morning came, the people rose for their purification. Abu Sufyan said: "O Abu al-Fadl, what is the matter with the people? Have they been ordered to do something?" He said: "No, but they have risen for the prayer." Sayyiduna al-Abbas told him, and he performed ablution, then he took him to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) began the prayer, he (peace and blessings be upon him) said the takbir and the people said the takbir; then he (peace and blessings be upon him) bowed and they bowed; then he (peace and blessings be upon him) rose and they rose. Abu Sufyan said: "I have never seen, as I have today, such obedience from a people gathered from here and there. Neither the noble Persians nor the Romans of the horns are more obedient to their leader than these are to him." Hammad said: Yazid bin Hazim claimed from Ikrimah that Abu Sufyan said: "O Abu al-Fadl, by Allah, the son of your brother has become great in kingship." Sayyiduna al-Abbas said to him: "He is not a king; rather, it is prophethood." He said: "Is that so? Is that so?" Then he returned to the narration of Ayyub from Ikrimah, who said: Abu Sufyan said: "Alas for the morning of Quraysh!" Sayyiduna al-Abbas said: "O Messenger of Allah, if you were to permit me, I would go to them, call them, grant them safety, and you would make for Abu Sufyan something by which he would be mentioned." So Sayyiduna al-Abbas set off, riding the grey mule of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and went. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Bring my father back to me! Bring my father back to me! For a man's uncle is the twin of his father. I fear that Quraysh will do to him what Thaqif did to Urwah bin Mas'ud: he called them to Allah and they killed him. By Allah, if they do that to him, I shall set it ablaze upon them." Sayyiduna al-Abbas went on until he reached Makkah and said: "O people of Makkah, accept Islam and you will be safe. You have been surrounded by a grey, full-grown calamity." The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) had sent Sayyiduna al-Zubayr (may Allah be pleased with him) from the upper side of Makkah and sent Sayyiduna Khalid bin al-Walid (may Allah be pleased with him) from the lower side of Makkah. Sayyiduna al-Abbas said to them: "Here is al-Zubayr from the upper side of Makkah, and here is Khalid from the lower side of Makkah. And Khalid, and what is Khalid! And Khuza'ah, with noses cut off!" Then he said: "Whoever lays down his weapon is safe." Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) arrived, and they shot some arrows at one another. Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) overcame them and gave the people safety, except Khuza'ah against Banu Bakr, and he mentioned four: Miqyas bin Subabah, Abdullah bin Abi Sarh, Ibn Khatal, and Sarah, the freedwoman of Banu Hashim. Hammad said: Sarah is in the narration of Ayyub or in the narration of someone else. He said: Khuza'ah went on killing them until midday. And Allah revealed: "Will you not fight a people who broke their oaths and resolved to expel the Messenger, and they began against you the first time? Do you fear them? Allah is more deserving that you fear Him, if you are believers. Fight them; Allah will punish them by your hands, disgrace them, give you victory over them, and heal the breasts of a believing people." He said: That is Khuza'ah. "And remove the fury from their hearts." He said: That is Khuza'ah. "And Allah turns in mercy to whom He wills" [Al-Tawbah: 13-15]. He said: That is Khuza'ah.