المعجم الكبير للطبراني
Al-Mu'jam al-Kabir (Tabarani)
باب القاف
Companions Whose Names Begin with Qaf (ق)
عمر بن قتادة بن النعمان، عن أبيه
Umar bin Qatadah bin al-Numan from his father Qatadah (may Allah be pleased with him)
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حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَيُّوبَ الْعَلَّافُ الْمِصْرِيُّ، ثنا سَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي سَعْدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ كَعْبِ بْنِ عُجْرَةَ، عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ قَتَادَةَ بْنِ النُّعْمَانِ، قَالَ: كَانَتْ لَيْلَةٌ شَدِيدَةُ الظُّلْمَةِ وَالْمَطَرِ، فَقُلْتُ: لَوْ أَنِّي اغْتَنَمْتُ هَذِهِ اللَّيْلَةَ شُهُودَ الْعَتَمَةِ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَفَعَلْتُ فَلَمَّا انْصَرَفَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَبْصَرَنِي وَمَعَهُ عُرْجُونٌ يَمْشِي عَلَيْهِ، فَقَالَ: «مَا لَكَ يَا قَتَادَةُ هَهُنَا هَذِهِ السَّاعَةَ؟» ، قُلْتُ: اغْتَنَمْتُ شُهُودَ الصَّلَاةِ مَعَكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهُ، فَأَعْطَانِيَ الْعُرْجُونَ، فَقَالَ: «إِنَّ الشَّيْطَانَ قَدْ خَلْفَكَ فِي أَهْلِكَ، فَاذْهَبْ بِهَذَا الْعُرْجُونِ، فَأَمْسَكْ بِهِ حَتَّى تَأْتِيَ بَيْتَكَ، فَخُذْهُ مِنْ وَرَاءِ الْبَيْتِ فَاضْرِبْهُ بِالْعُرْجُونِ» ، فَخَرَجْتُ مِنَ الْمَسْجِدِ، فَأَضَاءَ الْعُرْجُونُ مِثْلَ الشَّمْعَةِ نُورًا فَاسْتَضَأْتُ بِهِ، فَأَتَيْتُ أَهْلِي فَوَجَدْتُهُمْ رُقُودًا، فَنَظَرْتُ فِي الزَّاوِيَةِ، فَإِذَا فِيهَا قُنْفُذٌ، فَلَمْ أَزَلْ أَضْرِبُهُ بِالْعُرْجُونِ حَتَّى خَرَجَ
Sayyiduna Qatadah bin al-Nu'man (may Allah be pleased with him) said: There was a night of intense darkness and rain, and I said (to myself): If only I would seize this night as an opportunity to attend the Isha prayer with the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). So I did that. When the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) turned to leave after the prayer, he saw me; he had with him a palm stalk ('urjun) on which he was leaning as he walked. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "O Qatadah, why are you here at this hour?" I said: O Messenger of Allah, I seized the opportunity to attend the prayer with you. So he (peace and blessings be upon him) gave me the palm stalk and said: "Satan is behind you among your family (up to something). Take this palm stalk and hold on to it until you reach your house, then seize him from behind the house and strike him with it." So I left the mosque, and the palm stalk lit up like a candle, and I found my way by its light. I reached my house and found my family asleep. I looked in the corner, and there was a hedgehog (a spiny creature) there, and I kept striking it with the palm stalk until it went out.
حَدَّثَنَا مُطَّلِبُ بْنُ شُعَيْبٍ الْأَزْدِيُّ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنِي اللَّيْثُ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ الْهَادِ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، أَنَّهُ وَقَعَ فِي قُرَيْشٍ فَكَأَنَّهُ نَالَ مِنْهُمْ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «مَهْلًا يَا قَتَادَةُ لَا تَسُبَّنَّ قُرَيْشًا، فَإِنَّهُ يُوشِكُ أَنْ يُرَى مِنْهُمْ رِجَالًا تَزْدَرِي عَمَلَكَ مَعَ أَعْمَالِهِمْ، وَفِعْلَكَ مَعَ أَفْعَالِهِمْ، لَوْلَا أَنْ تَطْغَى قُرَيْشٌ لَأَخْبَرْتُهَا بِمَا لَهَا عِنْدَ اللهِ»
Asim bin Umar bin Qatadah narrated from his father, from his grandfather, Sayyiduna Qatadah bin al-Nu'man (may Allah be pleased with him), that he said something about Quraysh, as though he spoke ill of them. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Easy, O Qatadah! Do not revile Quraysh, for soon you will see among them men beside whose deeds your deeds, and beside whose actions your actions, will seem insignificant. Were it not that I fear Quraysh would become arrogant, I would tell them what standing they have with Allah."
حَدَّثَنَا الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ حَمَّادٍ الرَّمْلِيُّ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ عَاصِمٍ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ قَتَادَةَ بْنِ النُّعْمَانِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي الْفَضْلُ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَاصِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَتَادَةَ بْنِ النُّعْمَانِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " أَنْزَلَ اللهُ إِلَيَّ جِبْرِيلَ بِأَحْسَنِ مَا كَانَ يَأْتِينِي صُورَةً، فَقَالَ: إِنَّ السَّلَامَ يُقْرِئُكَ السَّلَامَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ، وَيَقُولُ: إِنِّي أَوْحَيْتُ إِلَى الدُّنْيَا أَنْ تَمَرَّرِي، وَتَكَدَّرِي، وَتَضَيَّقِي، وَتَشَدَّدِي عَلَى أَوْلِيَائِي حَتَّى يُحِبُّوا لِقَائِي، وَتَسَهَّلِي، وَتَوَسَّعِي، وَتَطَيَّبِي لِأَعْدَائِي حَتَّى يَكْرَهُوا لِقَائِي، فَإِنِّي جَعَلْتُهَا سِجْنًا لِأَوْلِيَائِي، وَجَنَّةً لِأَعْدَائِي "
Sayyiduna Qatadah bin al-Nu'man bin Zayd (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Allah Almighty sent Jibril down to me in the most beautiful form in which he used to come to me, and he said: O Muhammad, al-Salam (Allah) sends you His greeting of peace and says: I have revealed to the world: Become bitter, become murky, become narrow and be harsh upon My friends, so that they love to meet Me; and become easy, become spacious and become pleasant for My enemies, so that they hate to meet Me. For I have made you a prison for My friends and a paradise for My enemies."
حَدَّثَنَا الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ حَمَّادٍ الرَّمْلِيُّ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَاصِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَتَادَةَ بْنِ النُّعْمَانِ، قَالَ: أُهْدِيَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَوْسٌ فَدَفَعَهَا إِلَيَّ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ، فَرَمَيْتُ بِهَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حَتَّى انْدَقَّتْ عَنْ سِنَّتِهَا، وَلَمْ أَزَلْ عَنْ مَقَامِي نَصْبَ وَجْهِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَلْقَى السِّهَامَ بِوَجْهِي، كُلَّمَا مَالَ سَهْمٌ مِنْهَا إِلَى وَجْهِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَيَّلْتُ رَأْسِي لِأَقِيَ وَجْهَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِلَا رَمْيٍ أَرْمِيَهِ، فَكَانَ آخِرُهَا سَهْمًا بَدَرَتْ مِنْهُ حَدَقَتِي عَلَى خَدِّي، وَتَفَرَّقَ الْجَمْعُ فَأَخَذْتُ حَدَقَتِي بِكَفِّي، فَسَعَيْتُ بِهَا فِي كَفِّي إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَلَمَّا رَآهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي كَفِّي دَمَعَتْ عَيْنَاهُ، فَقَالَ: «اللهُمَّ إِنَّ قَتَادَةَ قَدْ أَوْجَهَ نَبِيَّكَ بِوَجْهِهِ، فَاجْعَلْهَا أَحْسَنَ عَيْنَيْهِ وَأَحَدَّهُمَا نَظَرًا» ، فَكَانَتْ أَحْسَنَ عَيْنَيْهِ وَأَحَدَّهُمَا نَظَرًا
Sayyiduna Qatadah bin al-Nu'man (may Allah be pleased with him) said: A bow was given to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) as a gift, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) gave it to me on the day of the Battle of Uhud. I shot with it in front of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) until it broke at its tip. I stayed in my place in front of the face of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), receiving the arrows with my face. Whenever an arrow veered toward the face of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), I would bend my head toward it to shield the face of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), while I had no arrow left to shoot. The last of them was an arrow by which my eyeball came out onto my cheek. When the crowd dispersed, I took my eyeball in my palm and ran with it in my palm to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) saw it in my palm, his eyes filled with tears, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "O Allah, Qatadah has shielded the face of Your Prophet with his own face, so make it the better of his two eyes and the sharper of them in sight." And so it became the better of his two eyes and the sharper of them in sight.
حَدَّثَنَا الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ حَمَّادٍ الرَّمْلِيُّ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَاصِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَتَادَةَ بْنِ النُّعْمَانِ، قَالَ: «كُنْتُ نَصْبَ وَجْهِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ، أَقِي وَجْهَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِوَجْهِي، وَكَانَ أَبُو دُجَانَةَ سِمَاكُ بْنُ خَرَشَةَ مُوقِيًا لِظَهْرِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِظَهْرِهِ، حَتَّى امْتَلَأَ ظَهْرُهُ سِهَامًا، وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ»
Sayyiduna Qatadah bin al-Nu'man (may Allah be pleased with him) said: On the day of the Battle of Uhud I was (standing) in front of the face of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), shielding his (peace and blessings be upon him) face with my face, and Sayyiduna Abu Dujanah Simak bin Kharashah (may Allah be pleased with him) was shielding the back of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) with his own back, until his back was filled with arrows. That was on the day of the Battle of Uhud.
حَدَّثَنَا الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ حَمَّادٍ الرَّمْلِيُّ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَاصِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَتَادَةَ بْنِ النُّعْمَانِ، قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ: «مَنْ يَأْخُذُ هَذَا السَّيْفَ بِحَقِّهِ؟» ، فَقَامَ عَلِيٌّ، فَقَالَ: أَنَا يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، قَالَ: «اقْعُدْ» ، فَقَعَدَ، ثُمَّ قَالَ الثَّانِيَةَ: «مَنْ يَأْخُذُ هَذَا السَّيْفَ بِحَقِّهِ؟» ، فَقَامَ أَبُو دُجَانَةَ الثَّانِيَةَ، فَدَفَعَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَيْهِ سَيْفَهُ ذَا الْفَقَارِ، فَقَامَ أَبُو دُجَانَةَ فَرَبَطَ عَلَى عَيْنَيْهِ عِصَابَةً حَمْرَاءَ، فَرَفَعَ حَاجِبَيْهِ عَنْ عَيْنَيْهِ مِنَ الْكِبْرِ، ثُمَّ مَشَى بَيْنَ يَدَيْ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِالسَّيْفِ
Sayyiduna Qatadah bin al-Nu'man (may Allah be pleased with him) said: On the day of the Battle of Uhud, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Who will take this sword and fulfil its right?" Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) stood up and said: I will, O Messenger of Allah. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Sit down." So he sat down. Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) said a second time: "Who will take this sword and fulfil its right?" Then Sayyiduna Abu Dujanah (may Allah be pleased with him) stood up the second time, and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) gave him his sword, Dhul-Fiqar. Sayyiduna Abu Dujanah (may Allah be pleased with him) stood, tied a red band over his eyes, raised his eyebrows above his eyes out of pride (martial zeal), then walked ahead of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) with the sword.
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو شُعَيْبٍ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ أَبِي شُعَيْبٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ قَتَادَةَ بْنِ النُّعْمَانِ، قَالَ: كَانَ أَهْلُ بَيْتٍ يُقَالُ لَهُمْ بَنُو أُبَيْرِقَ، بِشْرٌ، وَبَشِيرٌ، وَمُبَشِّرٌ، وَكَانَ بَشِيرٌ رَجُلًا مُنَافِقًا، وَكَانَ يَقُولُ الشَّعْرَ يَهْجُو بِهِ أَصْحَابَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، ثُمَّ يَنْحَلُهُ لِبَعْضِ الْعَرَبِ، وَيَقُولُ: قَالَ فُلَانٌ كَذَا، وَقَالَ فُلَانٌ كَذَا، فَإِذَا سَمِعَ أَصْحَابُ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِذَلِكَ الشَّعْرِ، قَالُوا: وَاللهِ مَا يَقُولُ هَذَا الشَّعْرَ إِلَّا الْخَبِيثُ، فَقَالَ: أَوَكُلَّمَا قَالَ الرَّجُلُ قَصِيَدةً قَالُوا: ابْنُ أُبَيْرِقٍ قَالَهَا، وَكَانُوا أَهْلَ بَيْتِ فَاقَةٍ وَحَاجَةٍ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ وَالْإِسْلَامِ، وَكَانَ النَّاسُ إِنَّمَا طَعَامُهُمْ بِالْمَدِينَةِ التَّمْرُ وَالشَّعِيرُ، فَكَانَ الرَّجُلُ إِذَا كَانَ لَهُ الْيَسَارُ أَكَلَ الْبُرَّ، فَقَدِمَ طَعَامٌ مِنَ الشَّامِ، فَابْتَاعَ عَمِّي رِفَاعَةُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ حِمْلًا مِنَ الدَّرْمَكِ، فَجَعَلَهُ فِي مَشْرُبَةٍ لَهُ، وَفِي الْمَشْرُبَةِ سِلَاحٌ لَهُ دِرْعَانِ وَسَيْفَاهُمَا، وَمَا يُعَلِّمُهُمَا، فَعُدِّيَ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ تَحْتِ اللَّيْلِ، وَنُقِبَتِ الْمَشْرُبَةُ، وَأُخِذَ الطَّعَامُ وَالسِّلَاحُ، فَأَتَانِي عَمِّي رِفَاعَةُ، فَقَالَ: يَا ابْنَ أَخِي تَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُ عُدِّيَ عَلَيْنَا فِي لَيْلَتِنَا هَذِهِ، فَنُقِبَتِ الْمَشْرُبَةُ، فَذُهِبَ بِطَعَامِنَا وَسِلَاحِنَا، فَتَحَسَّسْنَا فِي الدَّارِ وَسَأَلْنَا، فَقِيلَ: قَدْ رَأَيْنَا بَنِي أُبَيْرِقٍ، وَاسْتَوْقَدُوا فِي هَذِهِ اللَّيْلَةِ، وَمَا نَرَى فِيمَا نَرَى إِلَّا أَنَّهُ عَلَى بَعْضِ طَعَامِكُمْ، وَقَدْ كَانَ يَقُولُ بَنُو أُبَيْرِقٍ وَنَحْنُ نَسْأَلُ فِي الدَّارِ: وَاللهِ مَا نَرَى صَاحِبَكُمْ إِلَا لَبِيدَ بْنَ سَهْلٍ، رَجُلٌ مِنَّا لَهُ صَلَاحٌ وَإِسْلَامٌ، فَلَمَّا سَمِعَ بِذَلِكَ لَبِيدٌ اخْتَرَطَ سَيْفَهُ، وَقَالَ: أَنَا أَسْرِقُ، وَاللهِ لَيُخَالِطَنَّكُمْ هَذَا السَّيْفُ أَوْ لَتُبَيِّنُنَّ هَذِهِ السَّرِقَةَ، قَالُوا: إِلَيْكَ عَنَّا أَيُّهَا الرَّجُلُ، وَاللهِ مَا أَنْتَ بِصَاحِبِهَا، فَسَأَلْنَا فِي الدَّارِ حَتَّى لَمْ يُشَكَّ أَنَّهُمْ أَصْحَابُهَا، فَقَالَ لِي عَمِّي: يَا ابْنَ أَخِي لَوْ أَتَيْتَ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَذَكَرْتَ ذَلِكَ لَهُ، فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنَّ أَهْلَ بَيْتٍ مِنَّا أَهْلَ جَفَاءٍ، عَمَدُوا إِلَى عَمِّي رِفَاعَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ فَنَقَبُوا مَشْرُبَةً لَهُ، وَأَخَذُوا سِلَاحَهُ وَطَعَامَهُ، فَلْيَرْدُدْ إِلَيْنَا سِلَاحَنَا، أَمَا الطَّعَامُ فَلَا حَاجَةَ لَنَا بِهِ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «سَأَنْظُرُ فِي ذَلِكَ» ، فَلَمَّا سَمِعَ بِذَلِكَ بَنُو أُبَيْرِقٍ أَتَوْا رَجُلًا مِنْهُمْ يُقَالُ لَهُ: أُسَيْدُ بْنُ عُرْوَةَ، وَكَلَّمُوهُ فِي ذَلِكَ، وَاجْتَمَعَ لَهُ ثَلَاثُونَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الدَّارِ، فَأَتَوْا رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقَالُوا يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ: إِنَّ قَتَادَةَ بْنَ النُّعْمَانِ وَعَمَّهُ عَمَدَا إِلَى أَهْلِ بَيْتٍ مِنَّا أَهْلِ إِسْلَامٍ وَصَلَاحٍ يَرْمُونَهُمْ بِالسَّرِقَةِ مِنْ غَيْرِ بَيِّنَةٍ، وَلَا ثَبْتٍ، قَالَ قَتَادَةُ: فَأَتَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَكَلَّمَتْهُ، فَقَالَ: «أَعَمَدْتُمْ إِلَى قَوْمٍ ذُكِرَ مِنْهُمْ إِسْلَامٌ وَصَلَاحٌ تَرْمُونَهُمْ بِالسَّرِقَةِ؟» ، فَرَجَعْتُ وَلَوَدِدْتُ أَنِّي خَرَجْتُ مِنْ بَعْضِ مَالِي وَلَمْ أُكَلِّمَ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي ذَلِكَ، فَأَتَانِي عَمِّي رِفَاعَة، فَقَالَ: ابْنَ أَخِي مَا صَنَعْتَ؟، فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ مَا قَالَ لِي رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقَالَ: اللهُ الْمُسْتَعَانُ، فَلَمْ نَلْبَثْ أَنْ نَزَلَ الْقُرْآنُ: {إِنَّا أَنْزَلْنَا إِلَيْكَ الْكِتَابَ بِالْحَقِّ لِتَحْكُمَ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ بِمَا أَرَاكَ اللهُ وَلَا تَكُنْ لِلْخَائِنِينَ خَصِيمًا} [النساء: ١٠٥] ، بَنِي أُبَيْرِقٍ، {وَاسْتَغْفَرِ اللهَ} [النساء: ١٠٦] ، أَيْ مِمَّا قُلْتَ لِقَتَادَةَ، {إِنَّ اللهَ كَانَ غَفُورًا رَحِيمًا وَلَا تُجَادِلْ عَنِ الَّذِينَ يَخْتَانُونَ أَنْفُسَهُمْ} [النساء: ١٠٧] ، بَنِي أُبَيْرِقٍ، {إِنَّ اللهَ لَا يُحِبُّ مَنْ كَانَ خَوَّانًا أَثِيمًا يَسْتَخْفُونَ مِنَ النَّاسِ وَلَا يَسْتَخْفُونَ مِنَ اللهِ، وَهُوَ مَعَهُمْ إِذْ يُبَيَّتُونَ مَا لَا يَرْضَى مِنَ الْقَوْلِ، وَكَانَ اللهُ بِمَا يَعْمَلُونَ مُحِيطًا هَا أَنْتُمْ هَؤُلَاءِ جَادَلْتُمْ عَنْهُمْ فِي الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا فَمَنْ يُجَادِلُ اللهَ عَنْهُمْ} ، الْآيَةُ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ: {غَفُورًا رَحِيمًا} [النساء: ٢٣] ، أَيْ لَوْ أَنَّهُمُ اسْتَغْفَرُوا اللهَ لَغَفَرَ لَهُمْ، {وَمَنْ يَكْسِبْ إِثْمًا} [النساء: ١١١] فَإِنَّمَا يَكْسِبُهُ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ وَكَانَ اللهُ عَلِيمًا حَكِيمًا وَمَنْ يَكْسِبْ خَطِيئَةً أَوْ إِثْمًا ثُمَّ يَرْمِ بِهِ بَرِيئًا فَقَدِ احْتَمَلَ بُهْتَانًا وَإِثْمًا مُبِينًا، قَوْلُهُمْ لِلَبِيدٍ، {وَلَوْلَا فَضْلُ اللهِ عَلَيْكَ وَرَحْمَتُهُ لَهَمَّتْ طَائِفَةٌ مِنْهُمْ أَنْ يُضِلُّوكَ وَمَا يُضِلُّونَ إِلَّا أَنْفُسَهُمْ وَمَا يَضُرُّونَكَ مِنْ شَيْءٍ} [النساء: ١١٣] ، إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ، فَلَمَّا نَزَلَ الْقُرْآنُ أُتِيَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِالسِّلَاحِ، فَرَدُّهُ إِلَى رِفَاعَةَ. قَالَ قَتَادَةُ: فَلَمَّا أَتَيْتُ عَمِّيَ بِالسِّلَاحِ، وَكَانَ شَيْخًا قَدْ عَمِيَ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، وَكُنْتُ أَرَى إِسْلَامَهُ مَدْخُولًا، فَلَمَّا أَتَيْتُهُ بِالسِّلَاحِ، قَالَ: ابْنَ أَخِي هُوَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ، فَعَرَفْتُ أَنَّ إِسْلَامَهُ كَانَ صَحِيحًا، فَلَمَّا نَزَلَ الْقُرْآنُ لَحِقَ بَشِيرٌ بِالْمُشْرِكِينَ، فَنَزَلَ عَلَى سُلَافَةَ بِنْتِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ سُهَيْلٍ فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ فِيهِ {وَمَنْ يُشَاقِقِ} [النساء: ١١٥] الرَّسُولَ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا تَبَيَّنَ لَهُ الْهُدَى وَيَتَّبِعَ غَيْرَ سَبِيلِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ نُوَلِّهِ مَا تَوَلَّى وَنُصْلِهِ جَهَنَّمَ وَسَاءَتْ مَصِيرًا، إِنَّ اللهَ لَا يَغْفِرُ أَنْ يُشْرَكَ بِهِ وَيَغْفِرُ مَا دُونَ ذَلِكَ لِمَنْ يَشَاءُ وَمَنْ يُشْرِكْ بِاللهِ فَقَدْ ضَلَّ ضَلَالًا بَعِيدًا، فَلَمَّا نَزَلَ عَلَى سُلَافَةَ بِنْتِ سَعِيدٍ رَمَاهَا بِأَبْيَاتِ شَعَرٍ، أَخَذَتْ رَحْلَهُ فَوَضَعَتْهُ عَلَى رَأْسِهَا، ثُمَّ خَرَجَتْ بِهِ فَرَمَتْ بِهِ الْأَبْطَحَ، وَأَنَّهُ نَفَتَ عَلَى قَوْمٍ مِنْهُمْ لِيَسْرِقَ مَتَاعَهُمْ فَأَلْقَى الله عَلَيْهِ صَخْرَةً، فَكَانَتْ قَبْرَهُ
Qatadah bin al-Nu'man (may Allah be pleased with him) said: There was a household called Banu Ubayriq, among whom were Bishr, Bashir and Mubashshir. Bashir was a hypocrite. He would compose poetry satirizing the Companions of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), then attribute it to some other Arab, saying: So-and-so said this, and so-and-so said that. When the Companions of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) heard that poetry, they would say: By Allah, no one composes this poetry except that wicked man. He would say: Whenever a man composes an ode, will you say that Ibn Ubayriq composed it? They were a household of poverty and need, both in the Days of Ignorance and in Islam. The food of the people in Madinah was only dates and barley; a man who had means would eat wheat. Once grain came from Syria, and my uncle Rifa'ah bin Zayd bought a load of fine flour and put it in an upper room of his. In that upper room were also his weapons: two coats of mail with their swords, and their related equipment. In the night it was broken into: a hole was made in the upper room, and the food and the weapons were taken. My uncle Rifa'ah came to me and said: My nephew, you know that we were robbed last night; a hole was made in the upper room and our food and weapons were taken away. So we searched in the neighbourhood and asked around, and it was said: We saw Banu Ubayriq, and they had lit a fire tonight, and we think they have got their hands on some of your food. While we were asking around in the neighbourhood, Banu Ubayriq kept saying: By Allah, we do not think your man is anyone but Labid bin Sahl, a righteous Muslim man from among us. When Labid heard that, he drew his sword and said: I would steal? By Allah, either this sword will tangle with you, or you will make this theft perfectly clear. They said: Keep away from us, man; by Allah, you are not the one who did it. So we asked around in the neighbourhood until there was no doubt that the theft was by Banu Ubayriq. My uncle said to me: My nephew, if only you would go to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and mention this to him. So I said: O Messenger of Allah, a rude household from among us went for my uncle Rifa'ah bin Zayd, made a hole in his upper room and took his weapons and his food. Let them return our weapons to us; as for the food, we have no need of it. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "I will look into that." When Banu Ubayriq heard of this, they came to a man from among them called Usayd bin Urwah and spoke to him about it, and thirty men of the neighbourhood gathered with him. They all came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: O Messenger of Allah, Qatadah bin al-Nu'man and his uncle have gone for a household of ours, a household of Islam and righteousness, accusing them of theft without any evidence or proof. Qatadah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I went to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and spoke to him about it, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Do you go for people known for Islam and righteousness, accusing them of theft?" So I came back, wishing in my heart that I had given up some of my wealth and had not spoken to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) about it at all. Then my uncle Rifa'ah (may Allah be pleased with him) came to me and said: My nephew, what did you do? I told him what the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) had said to me, and he said: Allah is the One whose help is sought. Not long after, the Qur'an was revealed: "Indeed, We have sent down to you the Book with the truth so that you may judge between the people by what Allah has shown you, and do not be an advocate for the treacherous" [Surah al-Nisa: 105] - meaning Banu Ubayriq - "and seek forgiveness of Allah" [Surah al-Nisa: 106] - meaning for what you said to Qatadah - "Indeed, Allah is Forgiving, Merciful. And do not argue on behalf of those who betray themselves" [Surah al-Nisa: 107] - meaning Banu Ubayriq - "Indeed, Allah does not love one who is treacherous and sinful. They hide from people but they cannot hide from Allah, for He is with them when they plot by night with words He does not approve, and Allah encompasses what they do. Here you are, those who argued on their behalf in the life of this world, so who will argue with Allah on their behalf on the Day of Resurrection?" - from the verse up to the words "Forgiving, Merciful" [Surah al-Nisa: 111] - meaning that had they sought forgiveness of Allah, He would have forgiven them - "And whoever earns a sin only earns it against himself, and Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise", "And whoever earns an offence or a sin and then casts it upon an innocent person has burdened himself with a slander and a manifest sin" - this was the accusation of theft they cast upon Labid - "And were it not for the bounty of Allah upon you and His mercy, a group of them would have resolved to mislead you, yet they mislead none but themselves, and they cannot harm you in the least" [Surah al-Nisa: 113], to the end of the verse. When the Qur'an was revealed, the weapons were brought to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and he (peace and blessings be upon him) returned them to Rifa'ah (may Allah be pleased with him). Qatadah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: When I brought the weapons to my uncle - he was an old man who had gone blind in the Days of Ignorance, and I used to consider his Islam doubtful - when I brought him the weapons, he said: My nephew, they are in the path of Allah. Then I knew that his Islam was sincere. When the Qur'an was revealed, Bashir went over to the polytheists and lodged with Sulafah bint Sa'id bin Suhayl, and Allah revealed concerning him: "And whoever opposes the Messenger after guidance has become clear to him and follows other than the way of the believers, We will turn him to what he has turned to and admit him into Hell, and evil it is as a destination. Indeed, Allah does not forgive that partners be associated with Him, but He forgives what is less than that for whom He wills, and whoever associates partners with Allah has certainly gone far astray" [Surah al-Nisa: 115]. When he lodged with Sulafah bint Sa'id, satirical verses were composed about her, so she picked up his belongings, put them on her head, took them out and threw them into al-Abtah. And he went to some people intending to steal their goods, and Allah dropped a rock upon him, which became his grave.
حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَهْلِ بْنِ أَيُّوبَ الْأَهْوَازِيُّ، ثنا زَيْدُ بْنُ الْحَرِيشِ، ثنا أَبُو عَامِرٍ الْعَقَدِيُّ، ثنا فُلَيْحُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، ثنا عَاصِمُ بْنُ عُمَرَ بْنِ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ،: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، قَالَ: «أَسْفِرُوا بِالصُّبْحِ، فَإِنَّهُ أَعْظَمُ لِلْأَجْرِ»
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Qatadah bin al-Nu'man (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Pray Fajr when the light of dawn has become bright, for it brings a greater reward."
