حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ ح، وَحَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ هَارُونَ الْحَمَّالُ، وَعَلِيُّ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الرَّازِيُّ، وَزَكَرِيَّا بْنُ يَحْيَى السَّاجِيُّ، قَالُوا: ثنا مُكْرَمُ بْنُ مُحْرِزِ بْنِ مَهْدِيِّ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ خُوَيْلِدِ بْنِ حَلِيفِ بْنِ مُنْقِذِ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ بْنِ مَنْبَشِ بْنِ حَرَامِ بْنِ حَبَشِيَّةَ بْنِ كَعْبِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَارِثَةَ بْنِ ثَعْلَبَةَ بْنِ الْأَزْدِ أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ الْخُزَاعِيُّ، ثُمَّ الرَّبْعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي مُحْرِزُ بْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ، عَنْ حِزَامِ بْنِ هِشَامِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ هِشَامِ بْنِ حُبَيْشٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ حُبَيْشِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ صَاحِبِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حِينَ خَرَجَ مِنْ مَكَّةَ، وَخَرَجَ مِنْهَا مُهَاجِرًا إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ وَهُوَ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ وَمَوْلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ عَامِرُ بْنُ فُهَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، ودَلِيلُهُمَا اللَّيْثِيُّ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنِ الْأُرَيْقِطِ مَرُّوا عَلَى خَيْمَتَيْ أُمِّ مَعْبَدٍ الْخُزَاعِيَّةِ، وَكَانَتْ بَرْزَةً جَلْدَةً تَحْتَبِي بِفِنَاءِ الْقُبَّةِ، ثُمَّ تَسْقِي وَتُطْعِمُ، فَسَأَلُوهَا لَحْمًا وَتَمْرًا لِيَشْتَرُوهُ مِنْهَا، فَلَمْ يُصِيبُوا عِنْدَهَا شَيْئًا مِنْ ذَلِكَ، وَكَانَ الْقَوْمُ مُرْمِلِينَ مُسْنِتِينَ، فَنَظَرَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَى شَاةٍ فِي كِسْرِ الْخَيْمَةِ، فَقَالَ: «مَا هَذِهِ الشَّاةُ يَا أُمَّ مَعْبَدٍ؟» قَالَتْ : خَلَّفَهَا الْجَهْدُ عَنِ الْغَنَمِ، قَالَ: «فَهَلْ بِهَا مِنْ لَبَنٍ؟» ، قَالَتْ: هِي أَجْهَدُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ، قَالَ: «أَتَأْذَنِينَ أَنْ أَحْلُبَهَا؟» ، قَالَتْ: بَلَى بِأَبِي أَنْتَ وَأُمِّي، نَعَمْ إِنْ رَأَيْتَ بِهَا حَلْبًا فَاحْلُبْهَا، فَدَعَا بِهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَمَسَحَ بِيَدِهِ ضَرْعَهَا وَسَمَّى اللهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ وَدَعَا لَهَا فِي شَاتِها، فَتَفَاحَتْ عَلَيْهِ وَدَرَّتْ واجْتَرَّتْ وَدَعَا بِإِنَاءٍ يُرْبِضُ الرَّهْطَ فَحَلَبَ فِيهَا ثَجًّا حَتَّى عَلَاهُ الْبَهَاءُ، ثُمَّ سَقَاهَا حَتَّى رُوِيَتْ، وَسَقَى أَصْحَابَهُ حَتَّى رَوَوْا، وَشَرِبَ آخِرَهُمْ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، ثُمَّ أَرَاضُوا ثُمَّ حَلَبَ فِيهَا ثَانِيًا بَعْدَ بَدْءٍ حَتَّى مَلَأَ الْإِنَاءَ، ثُمَّ غَادَرَهُ عِنْدَهَا ثُمَّ بَايَعَهَا وارْتَحَلُوا عَنْهَا، فَقَلَّمَا لَبِثَتْ حَتَّى جَاءَ زَوْجُهَا أَبُو مَعْبَدٍ يَسُوقُ أَعْنُزًا عِجَافًا يَتَسَاوَكْنَ هُزْلًا ضُحًى، مُخُّهُنَّ قَلِيلٌ، فَلَمَّا رَأَى أَبُو مَعْبَدٍ اللَّبَنَ عَجِبَ، وَقَالَ: مِنْ أَيْنَ لَكَ هَذَا اللَّبَنُ يَا أُمَّ مَعْبَدٍ؟ وَالشَّاةُ عَازِبٌ حِيَالٌ، وَلَا حَلُوبةَ فِي الْبَيْتِ؟، قَالَتْ: لَا وَاللهِ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ مَرَّ بِنَا رَجُلٌ مُبَارَكٌ مِنْ حَالِهِ كَذَا وَكَذَا، قَالَ: صِفِيهِ لِي يَا أُمَّ مَعْبَدٍ، قَالَتْ: رَأَيْتُ رَجُلًا ظَاهَرَ الْوَضَاءَةِ أَبْلَجَ الْوَجْهِ حَسَنَ الْخَلْقِ لَمْ تَعِبْهُ ثُحْلَةٌ، وَلَمْ تُزْرِ بِهِ صَعْلَةٌ وَسِيمٌ فِي عَيْنَيْهِ دَعَجٌ وَفِي أَشْفَارِهِ وَطَفٌ وَفِي صَوْتِهِ صَهَلٌ، وَفِي عُنُقِهِ سَطَعٌ، وَفِي لِحْيَتِهِ كَثَاثَةٌ، أَزَجُّ أَقْرَنُ، إِنْ صَمَتَ فَعَلَيْهِ الْوَقَارُ، وَإِنْ تَكَلَّمَ سَمَاهُ وَعَلَاهُ الْبَهَاءُ، أَجْمَلُ النَّاسِ وَأَبْهَاهُ مِنْ بَعِيدٍ، وأَحْلَاهُ وَأَحْسَنُهُ مِنْ قَرِيبٍ، حُلْوُ الْمِنْطَقِ، فَصْلٌ لَا هَذِرٌ وَلَا تَزِرٌ، كَأَنَّ مَنْطِقَهُ خَرَزَاتٌ نَظْمٌ يَتَحَدَّرْنَ، رَبْعٌ لَا يَأْسَ مِنْ طُولٍ، وَلَا تَقْتَحِمُهُ عَيْنٌ مِنْ قِصَرٍ، غُصْنٌ بَيْنَ غُصْنَيْنِ فَهُوَ أَنْضَرُ الثَّلَاثَةِ مَنْظَرًا، وَأَحْسَنُهُمْ قَدْرًا، لَهُ رُفَقَاءُ يَحُفُّونَ بِهِ، إِنْ قَالَ أَنْصَتُوا لِقَوْلِهِ، وَإِنْ أَمَرَ تَبَادَرُوا إِلَى أَمْرِهِ، مَحْفُودٌ مَحْشُودٌ لَا عَابِسٌ وَلَا مُفَنَّدٌ، قَالَ أَبُو مَعْبَدٍ: هُوَ وَاللهِ صَاحِبُ قُرَيْشٍ الَّذِي ذُكِرَ لَنَا أَمْرُهُ مَا ذُكِرُ بِمَكَّةَ وَلَقَدْ هَمَمْتُ أَنْ أَصْحَبَهُ وَلَأَفْعَلَنَّ إِنْ وَجَدْتُ إِلَى ذَلِكَ سَبِيلًا فَأَصْبَحَ صَوْتٌ بِمَكَّةَ عَلِيًّا يَسْمَعُونَ الصَّوْتَ وَلَا يَدْرُونَ مَنْ صَاحِبُهُ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ:
[البحر الطويل]
جَزَى اللهُ رَبُّ النَّاسِ خَيْرَ جَزَائِهِ ... رَفِيقَيْنِ قَالَا خَيْمَتَيْ أُمِّ مَعْبَدِ
هُمَا نَزَلَاها بِالْهُدَى وَاهْتَدَتْ بِهِ ... فَقَدْ فَازَ مَنْ أَمْسَى رَفِيقَ مُحَمَّدِ
فَيَالَقُصَيٍّ مَا زَوَى الله عَنْكُمُ ... بِهِ مِنْ فَعَالٍ لَا تُجَارَى وَسُؤْدَدِ
لِيَهِنْ بَنِي كَعْبٍ مَكَانَ فَتَاتِهِمْ ... وَمَقْعَدُهَا لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ بِمَرْصَدِ
سَلُوا أُخْتَكُمْ، عَنْ شَاتِهَا وَإِنَائِهَا ... فَإِنَّكُمْ إِنْ تَسْأَلُوا الشَّاةَ تَشْهَدِ
دَعَاهَا بِشَاةٍ حَائِلٍ فَتَحَلَّبَتْ ... عَلَيْهِ صَرِيحًا ضَرَّةُ الشَّاةِ مُزْبِدِ
فَغَادَرَهَا رَهْنًا لَدَيْهَا لِحَالِبٍ ... يُرَدِّدُهَا فِي مَصْدَرٍ ثُمَّ مَوْرِدِ.
فَلَمَّا سَمِعَ حَسَّانُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ بِذَلِكَ شَبَّبَ يُجِيبُ الْهاتِفَ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ:
لَقَدْ خَابَ قَوْمٌ زَالَ عَنْهُمْ نَبِيِّهِمْ ... وَقُدِّسَ مَنْ يَسْرِي إِلَيْهِمْ وَيَغْتَدِي
تَرَحَّلَ عَنْ قَوْمٍ فَضَلَّتْ عُقُولُهُمْ ... وَحَلَّ عَلَى قَوْمٍ بِنُورٍ مُجَدَّدِ
هَدَاهُمْ بِهِ بَعْدَ الضَّلَالَةِ رَبُّهُمْ ... وَأَرْشَدَهُمْ مَنْ يَتْبَعِ الْحَقَّ يُرْشَدِ
وَهَلْ يَسْتَوِي ضُلَّالُ قَوْمٍ تَسَفَّهُوا ... عِمَايَتَهُمْ هَادٍ بِهِ كُلَّ مُهْتَدِ
وَقَدْ نَزَلَتْ مِنْهُ عَلَى أَهْلِ يَثْرِبَ ... رِكَابُ هُدًى حَلَّتْ عَلَيْهِمْ بِأَسْعُدِ
نَبِيٌّ يَرَى مَا لَا يَرَى النَّاسُ حَوْلَهُ ... وَيَتْلُو كِتَابَ اللهِ فِي كُلِّ مَسْجِدِ
وَإِنْ قَالَ فِي يَوْمٍ مَقَالَةَ غَائِبٍ ... فَتَصْدِيقُهَا فِي الْيَوْمِ أَوْ فِي ضُحَى الْغَدِ
لِيَهْنِ أَبَا بَكْرٍ سَعَادَةُ جَدِّهِ ... بِصُحْبَتِهِ مَنْ يُسْعِدِ اللهُ يَسْعَدِ
لِيَهْنِ بَنِي كَعْبٍ مَكَانُ فَتَاتِهِمْ ... وَمَقْعَدُهَا لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ بِمَرْصَدِ
زَادَ مُوسَى بْنُ هَارُونَ فِي حَدِيثِهِ قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنَاهُ مُجَاهِدُ بْنُ مُوسَى، عَنْ مُكْرَمٍ فَقَالَ لَنَا: «لَمْ تُعِبْهُ ثُحْلَةٌ وَلَمْ تُزْرِ بِهِ صَقَلَةٌ» وَالصَّوَابُ ثَجَلَةٌ وَصَعَلَةٌ الثَّجْلَةُ: كِبَرُ الْبَطْنِ، وَالصَّعْلَةُ: صِغَرُ الرَّأْسِ، يُرِيدُ أَنَّهُ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَمْ يَكُنْ كَبِيرَ الْبَطْنِ وَلَا صَغِيرَ الرَّأْسِ ". وَقَالَ لَنَا مُكْرَمٌ: «فِي أَشْفَارِهِ عَطَفٌ وَفِي صَوْتِهِ صَهَلٌ» . وَقَالَ لَنَا مُجَاهِدٌ عَنْ مُكْرَمٍ: «فِي أَشْفَارِهِ وَطَفٌ فِي صَوْتِهِ صَحَلٌ» . «وَالصَّوَابُ وَطَفٌ وَهُوَ الطُّولُ، وَالصَّوَابُ صَحَلٌ وَهِي الْبَحَّةُ» . وَقَالَ لَنَا مُكْرَمٌ: «لَا يَأْسَ مِنْ طُولٍ» . «وَالصَّوَابُ لَا يَتَشَنَّا مِنْ طُولٍ» . وَقَالَ لَنَا مُكْرَمٌ: «وَلَا عَابِسٌ وَلَا مُعْتَدٍ» . وَقَالَ لَنَا مُجَاهِدٌ، عَنْ مُكْرَمٍ: " لَا عَابِسٌ وَلَا مُفَنَّدٌ يَعْنِي: لَا عَابِسٌ وَلَا مُكَذَّبٌ
Sayyiduna Hubaysh bin Khalid (may Allah be pleased with him), a companion of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), narrated that when the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) left Makkah and set out emigrating to Madinah, and with him (peace and blessings be upon him) were Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) and Abu Bakr's freed slave Sayyiduna Amir bin Fuhayrah (may Allah be pleased with him), and their guide was the Laythi, Abdullah bin al-Urayqit, they passed by the two tents of Umm Ma'bad al-Khuza'iyyah. She was an open-faced, sturdy woman who used to sit at the entrance of the tent, and would then give people drink and food. They asked her for meat and dates to buy from her, but they found none of that with her, and the people were out of provisions and stricken by drought. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) saw a goat at the side of the tent and asked: "O Umm Ma'bad! What about this goat?" She said: Weakness has kept it behind from the flock. He (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: "Does it have any milk?" She said: It is too weak for that. He (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: "Do you permit me to milk it?" She said: Yes, may my father and mother be sacrificed for you; if you see any milk in it, then milk it. So the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) called for it, wiped its udder with his hand, mentioned the name of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, and supplicated for her concerning her goat. It stood still before him (peace and blessings be upon him) to be milked, its milk flowed and it began to chew the cud. Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) called for a vessel large enough for a group, and milked into it abundantly until froth covered it. Then he gave her to drink until she was satisfied, then gave his companions to drink until they were satisfied, and he himself drank last of all. Then they were all content. Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) milked into it a second time until the vessel was full, then left it with her, then took her pledge of allegiance, and they departed from her. Only a little while had passed when her husband, Abu Ma'bad, came driving some emaciated goats that were staggering from weakness, at forenoon, with little marrow in them. When Abu Ma'bad saw the milk, he was astonished and said: O Umm Ma'bad! Where did you get this milk from, when the goat is barren and without young, and there was no milking animal in the house? She said: No, by Allah, except that a blessed man passed by us whose state was such and such. He said: O Umm Ma'bad! Describe him to me. She said: I saw a man of evident beauty, with a radiant face and a fine build; no largeness of belly marred him, nor did smallness of head disfigure him. Handsome; the black of his eyes was intense, his eyelashes were long, there was resonance in his voice, his neck was tall, his beard was thick, his eyebrows were arched like a bow and joined. If he is silent, dignity covers him, and if he speaks, loftiness and splendour overcome him. The most beautiful of people and the most splendid from afar, and the sweetest and most handsome from near. Sweet in speech, clear, neither talking too much nor too little, as if his speech were a string of pearls falling one after another. Of medium height, not so tall as to be disliked, nor so short that the eye looks down on him. Like a branch between two branches, so he was the freshest of the three in appearance and the highest of them in rank. His companions surrounded him; if he says something, they fall silent at his word, and if he gives an order, they hasten to his order. Served, and surrounded (by his companions), neither stern-faced nor of little worth. Abu Ma'bad said: By Allah! This is that man of Quraysh whose affair was told to us in Makkah. I had resolved to become his companion, and I will certainly do so if I find a way to it.
Then a loud voice was heard in Makkah; the people heard the voice but did not recognise its owner. It was saying:
"May Allah, the Lord of mankind, grant the best of His rewards to the two companions who stopped at the tents of Umm Ma'bad.
They both stopped there with guidance, and she was guided by it; so indeed successful is the one who became the companion of Muhammad.
O people of Qusayy! What unmatched deeds and leadership Allah has turned away from you.
Congratulations to Banu Ka'b on the position of their daughter; now her seat is a watchful post for the believers.
Ask your sister about her goat and her vessel; if you ask the goat, it will bear witness.
He called for a barren goat, and it poured out for him pure, frothy milk that came from the goat's udder.
Then he left it with her as a pledge for the milker, and she keeps taking it between the pasture and the watering place."
When Sayyiduna Hassan bin Thabit (may Allah be pleased with him) heard this, he composed these verses in reply to that caller:
"Indeed, that people has failed from whom their Prophet departed, and blessed is the one to whom he comes by night and by day.
He departed from a people whose minds had gone astray, and descended upon a people upon whom a new light came down.
Their Lord guided them through him after misguidance, and showed them the way; whoever follows the truth finds the way.
Can the misguided of a foolish people, whose ignorance they took for folly, be equal to the guide through whom every guided one is guided?
And indeed from him the mounts of guidance descended upon the people of Yathrib, descending upon them with good fortune.
A Prophet who sees what the people around him do not see, and recites the Book of Allah in every mosque.
And if one day he speaks of something unseen, its confirmation comes that same day or the next forenoon.
Congratulations to Abu Bakr on the good fortune of his lot, in his companionship; whomever Allah makes fortunate becomes fortunate.
Congratulations to Banu Ka'b on the position of their daughter; now her seat is a watchful post for the believers."
Musa bin Harun added in his narration that Mujahid bin Musa also narrated it to us from Mukram, and he said to us: "No thuhlah marred him, nor did saqalah disfigure him", whereas the correct words are "thajlah" and "sa'lah": thajlah means largeness of the belly, and sa'lah means smallness of the head; that is, the meaning is that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) had neither a large belly nor a small head. And Mukram said to us: "There was curvature in his eyelashes and resonance in his voice." And Mujahid said to us from Mukram: "There was length in his eyelashes, and huskiness in his voice." The correct words are "watf" (length) and "sahal" (huskiness). And Mukram said to us: "No deficiency on account of height", whereas the correct words are: "No ungainliness on account of height." And Mukram said to us: "Neither stern-faced nor transgressing", and Mujahid said to us from Mukram: "Neither stern-faced nor belied", that is: neither stern-faced nor regarded as a liar.