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المعجم الكبير للطبراني
Al-Mu'jam al-Kabir (Tabarani)
باب العين
Companions Whose Names Begin with Ayn (ع)
ومن مناقب عبد الله بن عباس وأخباره
Some of the virtues and accounts of Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him)
Mu'jam Kabir Tabarani 10551 — Nafi' bin al-Azraq and Najdah bin
اُردوEn
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو خَلِيفَةَ الْفَضْلُ بْنُ الْحُبَابِ الْجُمَحِيُّ، ثنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ الرَّمَادِيُّ، ثنا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْحَرَّانِيُّ وهُوَ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ، ثنا عُبَيْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عَيَّاشٍ، وَمُوسَى بْنُ يَزِيدَ الْحَرَّانِيَّانِ، قَالَا: ثنا جُوَيْبِرٌ، عَنِ الضَّحَّاكِ بْنِ مُزَاحِمٍ الْهِلَالِيِّ قَالَ: خَرَجَ نَافِعُ بْنُ الْأَزْرَقِ وَنَجْدَةُ بْنُ عُوَيْمِرٍ فِي نَفَرٍ مِنَ رُّؤُوسِ الْخَوَارِجِ لِيَنْقُرُواَ عَنِ الْعِلْمِ وَيَطْلُبُونَهُ، حَتَّى قَدِمواَ مَكَّةَ، فَإِذَا هُمْ بِعَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَاعِدًا قَرِيبًا مِنْ زَمْزَمَ، وَعَلَيْهِ رِدَاءٌ أَحْمَرُ وَقَمِيصٌ، وَإِذَا نَاسٌ قِيَامٌ يَسْأَلُونَهُ عَنِ التَّفْسِيرِ يَقُولُونَ: يَا ابنَ عَبَّاسٍ، مَا تَقُولُ فِي كَذَا وَكَذَا؟ فَيَقُولُ: هُوَ كَذَا أَوْ كَذَا، فَقَالَ لَهُ نَافِعُ بْنُ الْأَزْرَقِ: مَا أَجْرَأَكَ يَا ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ عَلَى مَا تُجْرِيهِ مُنْذُ الْيَوْمِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ ابْنُ الْعَبَّاسِ: ثَكِلَتْكَ أُمُّكَ يَا نَافِعُ وَعَدِمَتْكَ، أَلَا أُخْبِرُكَ مَنْ هُوَ أَجْرَأُ مِنِّي؟ قَالَ: مَنْ هُوَ يَا ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ؟ قَالَ: رَجُلٌ تَكَلَّمَ بِمَا لَيْسَ لهُ بِهِ عِلْمٌ، وَرَجُلٌ كَتَمَ عِلْمًا عِنْدَهُ، قَالَ: صَدَقْتَ يَا ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ، أَتَيْتُكَ لِأَسْأَلَكَ، قَالَ: هَاتِ يَا ابْنَ الْأَزْرَقِ فَسَلْ، قَالَ: أَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ قَوْلِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: {يُرْسَلُ عَلَيْكُمَا شُوَاظٌ مِنْ نَارٍ} [الرحمن: ٣٥] مَا الشُّوَاظُ؟ قَالَ: اللهَبُ الَّذِي لَا دُخَانَ فِيهِ، قَالَ: وَهَلْ كَانَتِ الْعَرَبُ تَعْرِفُ ذَلِكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ الْكِتَابُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، أَمَا سَمِعْتَ قَوْلَ أُمَيَّةَ بْنِ أَبِي الصَّلْتِ:
[البحر الوافر]
أَلَا مَنْ مُبْلِغٌ حَسَّانَ عَنِّي ... مُغَلْغَلَةً تَدِبُّ إِلَى عُكَاظِ
أَلَيْسَ أَبُوكَ قَيْنًا كَانَ فِينَا ... إِلَى الْقَيْنَاتِ فَسْلًا فِي الْحِفَاظِ
يَمَانِيًّا يَظَلُّ يَشُبُّ كِيرًا ... وَيَنْفُخُ دَائِبًا لَهَبَ الشُّوَاظِ
قَالَ: صَدَقْتَ، فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ قَوْلِهِ {وَنُحَاسٌ فَلَا تَنْتَصِرَانِ} [الرحمن: ٣٥] ، مَا النُّحَاسُ؟ قَالَ: الدُّخَانُ الَّذِي لَا لَهَبَ فِيهِ، قَالَ: وَهَلْ كَانَتِ الْعَرَبُ تَعْرِفُ ذَلِكَ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، أَمَا سَمِعْتَ قَوْلَ نَابِغَةِ بَنِي ذُبْيَانَ يَقُولُ:
[البحر المتقارب]
يُضِيءُ كَضَوْءِ سِرَاجِ السَّليـ ... ـطِ لَمْ يَجْعَلِ اللهُ فِيهِ نُحَاسَا
قَالَ: صَدَقْتَ، فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ قَوْلِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ {أَمْشَاجٍ نَبْتَلِيهِ} [الإنسان: ٢] ، قَالَ: مَاءُ الرَّجُلِ وَمَاءُ الْمَرْأَةِ إِذَا اجْتَمَعَا فِي الرَّحِمِ كَانَ مِشْجًا، قَالَ: وَهَلْ كَانَتِ الْعَرَبُ تَعْرِفُ ذَلِكَ قبل أن ينزل الكتاب على محمد صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، أَمَا سَمِعْتَ قَوْلَ أَبِي ذُؤَيْبٍ الْهُذَلِيِّ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ:
[البحر الوافر]
كَأَنَّ النَّصْلَ وَالْفُوقَيْنِ مِنْهُ ... خِلَالَ الرِّيشِ سِيطَ بِهِ مَشِيجُ
قَالَ: صَدَقْتَ، فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ قَوْلِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ {وَالْتَفَّتِ السَّاقُ بِالسَّاقِ} [القيامة: ٢٩] ، مَا السَّاقُ بِالسَّاقِ؟ قَالَ: الْحَرْبُ، قَالَ: وَهَلْ كَانَتِ الْعَرَبُ تَعْرِفُ ذَلِكَ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، أَمَا سَمِعْتَ قَوْلَ أَبِي ذُؤَيْبٍ الْهُذَلِيِّ:
[البحر الطويل]
أَخُو الْحَرْبِ إِنْ عَضَّتْ بِهِ الْحَرْبُ عَضَّهَا ... وَإِنْ شَمَّرَتْ عَنْ سَاقِهَا الْحَرْبُ شَمَّرَا
قَالَ: صَدَقْتَ، فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ قَوْلِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ {بَنِينَ وَحَفَدَةً} [النحل: ٧٢] ، مَا الْبَنُونَ وَالْحَفَدَةُ؟ قَالَ: بَنُوكَ؛ فَإِنَّهُمْ يُعَاطُونَكَ، وَأَمَّا حَفَدَتُكَ فَإِنَّهُمْ خَدَمُكَ، قَالَ: وَهَلْ كَانَتِ الْعَرَبُ تَعْرِفُ ذَلِكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ الْكِتَابُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، أَمَا سَمِعْتَ قَوْلَ أُمَيَّةَ بْنِ أَبِي الصَّلْتِ الثَّقَفِيِّ:
حَفَدَ الْوَلَائِدُ حَوْلَهُنَّ وَأُلْقِيَتْ ... بِأَكُفِّهِنَّ أَزِمَّةُ الْأَحْمَالِ
قَالَ: صَدَقْتَ، فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ قَوْلِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ {إِنَّمَا أَنْتَ مِنَ الْمُسَحَّرِينَ} [الشعراء: ١٥٣] ، مَا الْمُسَحَّرُونَ؟ قَالَ: مِنَ الْمَخْلُوقِينَ، قَالَ: فَهَلْ كَانَتِ الْعَرَبُ تَعْرِفُ ذَلِكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ الْكِتَابُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، أَمَا سَمِعْتَ قَوْلَ أُمَيَّةَ بْنِ أَبِي الصَّلْتِ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ:
[البحر الطويل]
فَإِنْ تَسْأَلِينَا مِمَّ نَحْنُ فَإِنَّنَا ... عَصَافِيرُ مِنْ هَذَا الْأَنَامِ الْمُسَحَّرِ
قَالَ: صَدَقْتَ، فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ قَوْلِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: {فَنَبَذْنَاهُ فِي الْيَمِّ وَهُوَ مُلِيمٌ} ، مَا الْمُلِيمُ؟ قَالَ: الْمُذْنِبُ، قَالَ: وَهَلْ كَانَتِ الْعَرَبُ تَعْرِفُ ذَلِكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ الْكِتَابُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، أَمَا سَمِعْتَ قَوْلَ أُمَيَّةَ بْنِ أَبِي الصَّلْتِ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ:
بَعِيدٌ مِنَ الْآفَاتِ لَسْتَ لَهَا بِأَهْلٍ ... وَلَكِنَّ الْمُسِيءَ هُوَ الْمُلِيمُ
قَالَ: صَدَقْتَ، فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ قَوْلِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: {قُلْ أَعُوذُ بِرَبِّ الْفَلَقِ} [الفلق: ١] ، مَا الْفَلَقُ؟ قَالَ: ضَوْءُ الصَّبْحِ، قَالَ: وَهَلْ كَانَتِ الْعَرَبُ تَعْرِفُ ذَلِكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ الْكِتَابُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، أَمَا سَمِعْتَ قَوْلَ لَبِيدِ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ:
[البحر البسيط]
الْفَارِجُ الْهَمِّ مَبْذُولٌ عَسَاكِرُهُ ... كَمَا يُفَرِّجُ ضَوْءَ الظُّلْمَةِ الْفَلَقُ
قَالَ: صَدَقْتَ، فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ قَوْلِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ {لِكَيْلَا تَأْسَوْا عَلَى مَا فَاتَكُمْ وَلَا تَفْرَحُوا بِمَا آتَاكُمْ} [الحديد: ٢٣] ، مَا الْأَسَى؟ قَالَ: لِكَيْ لَا تَحْزَنُوا، قَالَ: وَهَلْ كَانَتِ الْعَرَبُ تَعْرِفُ ذَلِكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ الْكِتَابُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، أَمَا سَمِعْتَ قَوْلَ لَبِيدِ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ:
[البحر الطويل]
قَلِيلُ الْأَسَى فِيمَا أَتَى الدَّهْرُ دُونَهُ ... كَرِيمُ النَّثَا حُلْوُ الشَّمَائِلِ مُعْجِبُ
قَالَ: صَدَقْتَ، فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ قَوْلِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ {ظَنَّ أَنْ لَنْ يَحُورَ} [الانشقاق: ١٤] ، مَا يَحُورُ؟ قَالَ: يَرْجِعُ، قَالَ: وَهَلْ كَانَتِ الْعَرَبُ تَعْرِفُ ذَلِكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ الْكِتَابُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، أَمَا سَمِعْتَ قَوْلَ لَبِيدِ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ:
وَمَا الْمَرْءُ إِلَّا كَالشِّهَابِ وَضَوْؤُهُ ... يَحُورُ رَمَادًا بَعْدَ إِذْ هُوَ سَاطِعُ
قَالَ: صَدَقْتَ، فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ قَوْلِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ {يَطُوفُونَ بَيْنَهَا وَبَيْنَ حَمِيمٍ آنٍ} [الرحمن: ٤٤] ، مَا الْآنُ؟ قَالَ: الَّذِي قَدِ انْتَهَى حَرُّهُ، قَالَ: وَهَلْ كَانَتِ الْعَرَبُ تَعْرِفُ ذَلِكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ الْكِتَابُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، أَمَا سَمِعْتَ قَوْلَ نَابِغَةِ بَنِي ذُبْيَانَ:
[البحر الوافر]
فَإِنْ يَقْبِضْ عَلَيْكَ أَبْو قُبَيْسٍ ... تَحُطَّ بِكَ الْمَنِيَّةُ فِي هَوَانِ
وَتُخْضَبْ لِحْيَةٌ غَدَرَتْ وَخَانَتْ ... بأَحْمَرَ مِنْ نَجِيعِ الْجَوْفِ آنِ
قَالَ: صَدَقْتَ، فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ قَوْلِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ {فَأَصْبَحَتْ كَالصَّرِيمِ} [القلم: ٢٠] ، مَا الصَّريمُ؟ قَالَ: كَاللَّيْلِ الْمُظْلِمِ، قَالَ: وَهَلْ كَانَتِ الْعَرَبُ تَعْرِفُ ذَلِكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ الْكِتَابُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، أَمَا سَمِعْتَ قَوْلَ نَابِغَةِ بَنِيِ ذُبْيَانَ:
[البحر البسيط]
لَا تَزْجُرُوا مُكَفَهِرُّ الْأَكْفَاءِ لَهُ ... كَاللَّيْلِ يَخْلُطُ أَصْرامًا بأَصْرَامِ
قَالَ: صَدَقْتَ، فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ قَوْلِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ {إِلَى غَسَقِ اللَّيْلِ} [الإسراء: ٧٨] ، مَا غَسَقُ اللَّيْلِ؟ قَالَ: إِذَا أَظْلَمَ، قَالَ: وَهَلْ كَانَتِ الْعَرَبُ تَعْرِفُ ذَلِكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ الْكِتَابُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، أَمَا سَمِعْتَ النَّابِغَةَ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ:
كَأَنَّمَا جُلُّ مَا قَالُوا وَمَا وَعَدُوا ... آلٌ تَضَمَّنَهُ مِنْ دَامِسٍ غَسَقِ
قَالَ أَبُو خَلِيفَةَ: الْآلُ: السَّرابُ
قَالَ: صَدَقْتَ، فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ قَوْلِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ {وَكَانَ اللهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ مُقِيتًا} [النساء: ٨٥] مَا الْمُقِيتُ؟ قَالَ: قَادِرٌ، قَالَ: وَهَلْ كَانَتِ الْعَرَبُ تَعْرِفُ ذَلِكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ الْكِتَابُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، أَمَا سَمِعْتَ قَوْلَ امْرِئِ الْقَيْسِ:
[البحر الوافر]
وَذِي ضِغْنٍ كَفَفْتُ الضِّغْنَ عَنْهُ ... وَإِنِّي فِي مَسَاءَتِهِ مُقِيتُ
قَالَ: صَدَقْتَ، فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ قَوْلِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ {وَاللَّيْلِ إِذَا عَسْعَسَ} [التكوير: ١٧] قَالَ: إِقْبَالُهُ بِسَوَادِهِ، قَالَ: وَهَلْ كَانَتِ الْعَرَبُ تَعْرِفُ ذَلِكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ الْكِتَابُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، أَمَا سَمِعْتَ قَوْلَ امْرِئِ الْقَيْسِ:
عَسْعَسَ حَتَّى لَوْ يَشَاءُ ادَّنَا ... كَانَ لَنَا مِنْ ضَوْءِ نُورِهِ مَقْبَسُ
قَالَ: صَدَقْتَ، فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ قَوْلِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ {وَأَنَا بِهِ زَعِيمٌ} [يوسف: ٧٢] ، قَالَ: الزَّعِيمُ: الْكَفِيلُ، قَالَ: وَهَلْ كَانَتِ الْعَرَبُ تَعْرِفُ ذَلِكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ الْكِتَابُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، أَمَا سَمِعْتَ قَوْلَ امْرِئِ الْقَيْسِ:
[البحر الطويل]
وَإِنِّي زَعِيمٌ إِنْ رَجَعْتُ مُمَلَّكًا ... بِسَيْرٍ تَرَى مِنْهُ الْفُرَانِقَ أَزْوِرَا
قَالَ: صَدَقْتَ، فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ قَوْلِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ {وَفُومِهَا} [البقرة: ٦١] ، مَا الْفُومُ؟ قَالَ: الْحِنْطَةُ، قَالَ: وَهَلْ كَانَتِ الْعَرَبُ تَعْرِفُ ذَلِكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ الْكِتَابُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، أَمَا سَمِعْتَ قَوْلَ أَبِي ذُؤَيْبٍ الْهُذَلِيِّ:
[البحر الكامل]
قَدْ كُنْتَ تَحْسِبُنِي كَأَغْنَى وَافِدٍ ... قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ عَنْ زِرَاعَةِ فُومِ
قَالَ: صَدَقْتَ، فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ قَوْلِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ {الْأَزْلَامُ} [المائدة: ٩٠] ، مَا الْأَزْلَامُ؟ قَالَ: الْقِدَاحُ، قَالَ: وَهَلْ كَانَتِ الْعَرَبُ تَعْرِفُ ذَلِكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ الْكِتَابُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، أَمَا سَمِعْتَ قَوْلَ الْحُطَيْئَةِ:
[البحر البسيط]
لَا يَزْجُرُ الطَّيْرَ إِنْ مَرَّتْ بِهِ سَنَحًا ... وَلَا يُقَامُ لَهُ قَدَحٌ بِأَزْلَامِ
قَالَ: صَدَقْتَ، فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ قَوْلِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ {أَصْحَابُ الْمَشْأَمَةِ، مَا أَصْحَابُ الْمَشْأَمَةِ} [الواقعة: ٩] ؟ قَالَ: أَصْحَابُ الشِّمَالِ، قَالَ: وَهَلْ كَانَتِ الْعَرَبُ تَعْرِفُ ذَلِكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ الْكِتَابُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ؟ قَالَ: أَمَا سَمِعْتَ بِقَوْلِ زُهَيْرِ بْنِ أَبِي سُلْمَى:
نَزَلَ الشَّيْبُ بِالشِّمَالِ قَرِيبًا ... وَالْمَرُورَاتِ دَائِيًا وَحَقِيرَا
قَالَ: صَدَقْتَ، فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ قَوْلِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ {إِذَا الْبِحَارُ سُجِّرَتْ} [التكوير: ٦] قَالَ: اخْتَلَطَ مَاؤُهَا بِمَاءِ الْأَرْضِ، قَالَ: وَهَلْ كَانَتِ الْعَرَبُ تَعْرِفُ ذَلِكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ الْكِتَابُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، أَمَا سَمِعْتَ قَوْلَ زُهَيْرِ بْنِ أَبِي سُلْمَى:
[البحر البسيط]
لَقَدْ عَرَفَتْ رَبِيعَةُ فِي جُذَامٍ ... وَكَعْبٍ خَالَهَا وَابْنَا ضِرَارِ
لَقَدْ نَازَعْتُمُ حَسَبًا قَدِيمًا ... وَقَدْ سَجَّرَتْ بِحَارُهُمُ بِحَارِي
قَالَ: صَدَقْتَ، فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ قَوْلِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ {وَالسَّمَاءِ ذَاتِ الْحُبُكِ} [الذاريات: ٧] ، مَا الْحُبُكُ؟ قَالَ: ذَاتُ الطَّرَائِقِ، قَالَ: وَهَلْ كَانَتِ الْعَرَبُ تَعْرِفُ ذَلِكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ الْكِتَابُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، أَمَا سَمِعْتَ قَوْلَ زُهَيْرِ بْنِ أَبِي سُلْمَى:
[البحر البسيط]
مُكَلَّلٌ بِأُصُولِ النَّجْمِ تَنْسِجُهُ ... رِيحُ الشِّمَالِ لِضَاحِي مَائِهِ حُبُكُ
قَالَ: صَدَقْتَ، فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ قَوْلِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ {جَدُّ رَبِّنَا} [الجن: ٣] ، مَا جَدُّ رَبِّنَا؟ قَالَ: ارْتَفَعَتْ عَظَمَتُهُ، قَالَ: وَهَلْ كَانَتِ الْعَرَبُ تَعْرِفُ ذَلِكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ الْكِتَابُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، أَمَا سَمِعْتَ قَوْلَ طَرَفَةَ بْنِ الْعَبْدِ لِلنُّعْمَانِ بْنِ الْمُنْذِرِ:
[البحر المتقارب]
إِلَى مَلِكٍ يَضْرِبُ الدَّارِعِينَ ... لَمْ يَنْقُصِ الشَّيْبُ مِنْهُ قَبَالَا
تَرَفَّعْ بِجَدِّكَ إِنِّي امْرُؤٌ ... سَقَتْنِي الْأَعَادِي سِجَالًا سِجَالَا
قَالَ: صَدَقْتَ، فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ قَوْلِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلِّ {حَتَّى تَكُونَ حَرَضًا} [يوسف: ٨٥] ، قَالَ: الْحَرَضُ: الْبَالِي، قَالَ: وَهَلْ كَانَتِ الْعَرَبُ تَعْرِفُ ذَلِكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ الْكِتَابُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، أَمَا سَمِعْتَ قَوْلَ طَرَفَةَ بْنِ الْعَبْدِ:
[البحر الطويل]
أَمِنْ ذِكْرِ لَيْلَى إِنْ نَأَتْ غُرْبَةٌ بِهَا ... أَعَدُّ حَرِيضًا لِلْكِرَا مُحَرَّمِ
قَالَ: صَدَقْتَ، فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ قَوْلِ اللهِ جَلَّ ذِكْرُهُ {وَأَنْتُمْ سَامِدُونَ} [النجم: ٦١] ، مَا سَامِدُونَ؟ قَالَ: لَاهُونَ، قَالَ: وَهَلْ كَانَتِ الْعَرَبُ تَعْرِفُ ذَلِكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ الْكِتَابُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، أَمَا سَمِعْتَ قَوْلَ هُزَيْلَةَ بِنْتِ بَكْرٍ تَبْكِي عَادًا:
[البحر الرمل]
بَعَثَتْ عَادٌ لَقِيمًا ... وَأَتَى سَعْدٌ شَرِيدَا
قِيلَ قُمْ فَانْظُرْ إِلَيْهِمْ ... ثُمَّ دَعْ عَنْكَ السُّمُودَا
قَالَ: صَدَقْتَ، فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ قَوْلِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: {إِذَا اتَّسَقَ} [الانشقاق: ١٨] مَا اتِّسَاقُهُ؟ قَالَ: إِذَا اجْتَمَعَ. قَالَ: وَهَلْ كَانَتِ الْعَرَبُ تَعْرِفُ ذَلِكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ الْكِتَابُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، أَمَا سَمِعْتَ قَوْلَ أَبِي صِرْمَةَ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ:
[البحر الرجز]
إِنَّ لَنَا قَلَائِصًا نَقَائِقَا ... مُسْتَوْسِقَاتٍ لَوْ يَجِدْنَ سَائِقَا
قَالَ: صَدَقْتَ، فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ قَوْلِ اللهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: الْأَحَدُ {الصَّمَدُ} [الإخلاص: ٢] ، أَمَّا الْأَحَدُ فَقَدْ عَرَفْنَاهُ، فَمَا الصَّمَدُ؟ قَالَ: الَّذِي يُصْمَدُ إِلَيْهِ فِي الْأُمُورِ كُلِّهَا، قَالَ: فَهَلْ كَانَتِ الْعَرَبُ تَعْرِفُ ذَلِكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ الْكِتَابُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، أَمَا سَمِعْتَ بِقَوْلِ الْأَسَدِيَّةِ:
[البحر الطويل]
أَلَا بَكَّرَ النَّاعِي بِخَيْرَيْ بَنِي أَسَدْ ... بِعَمْرِو بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ وَبِالسَّيِّدِ الصَّمَدْ
قَالَ: صَدَقْتَ، فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ قَوْلِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ {يَلْقَ أَثَامًا} [الفرقان: ٦٨] ، مَا الْأَثَامُ؟ قَالَ: جَزَاءً، قَالَ: وَهَلْ كَانَتِ الْعَرَبُ تَعْرِفُ ذَلِكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ الْكِتَابُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، أَمَا سَمِعْتَ بِقَوْلِ بِشْرِ بْنِ أَبِي حَازِمٍ الْأَسَدِيِّ:
[البحر الوافر]
وَإِنَّ مَقَامَنَا نَدْعُو عَلَيْهِمْ ... بِأَبْطَحِ ذِي الْمَجَازِ لَهُ أَثَامُ
قَالَ: صَدَقْتَ، فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ قَوْلِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ {وَهُوَ كَظِيمٌ} [النحل: ٥٨] ، مَا الْكَظِيمُ؟ قَالَ: السَّاكِتُ، قَالَ: وَهَلْ كَانَتِ الْعَرَبُ تَعْرِفُ ذَلِكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ الْكِتَابُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، أَمَا سَمِعْتَ بِقَوْلِ زُهَيْرِ بِنِ جَذِيمَةَ الْعَبْسِيِّ:
[البحر الوافر]
فَإِنْ تَكُ كَاظِمًا بِمُصَابِ شَاسٍ ... فَإِنِّي الْيَوْمَ مُنْطَلِقٌ لِسَانِي
قَالَ: صَدَقْتَ، فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ قَوْلِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ {أَوْ تَسْمَعُ لَهُمْ رِكْزًا} [مريم: ٩٨] قَالَ: صَوَابًا، قَالَ: وَهَلْ كَانَتِ الْعَرَبُ تَعْرِفُ ذَلِكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ الْكِتَابُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، أَمَا سَمِعْتَ بِقَوْلِ خِدَاشِ بْنِ زُهَيْرٍ:
[البحر البسيط]
فَإِنْ سَمِعْتُمْ بِحَبْلٍ هَابِطٍ سَرَفًا ... أَوْ بَطْنِ قَوْمٍ فأَخْفُوا الرِّكْزَ وَاكْتَتِمُوا
قَالَ: صَدَقْتَ، فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ قَوْلِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ {إِذْ تَحُسُّونَهُمْ بِإِذْنِهِ} [آل عمران: ١٥٢] ، قَالَ: إِذْ تَقْتُلُونَهُمْ بِإِذْنِهِ، قَالَ: وَهَلْ كَانَتِ الْعَرَبُ تَعْرِفُ ذَلِكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ الْكِتَابُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، أَمَا سَمِعْتَ بِقَوْلِ عُتْبَةَ اللَّيْثِيِّ:
[البحر الطويل]
نَحُسُّهُمُ بِالْبِيضِ حَتَّى كَأَنَّمَا ... نُفَلِّقُ مِنْهُمْ بِالْجَمَاجِمِ حَنْظَلَا
قَالَ: صَدَقْتَ، فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ قَوْلِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ {يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ إِذَا طَلَّقْتُمُ النِّسَاءَ} [الطلاق: ١] ، هَلْ كَانَ الطَّلَاقُ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، طَلَاقًا بَائِنًا ثَلَاثًا، أَمَا سَمِعْتَ قَوْلَ أَعْشَى بَنِي قَيْسِ بْنِ ثَعْلَبَةَ حِينَ أَخَذَهُ أَخْتَانُهُ عَنَزَةُ فَقَالُوا لَهُ: إِنَّكَ قَدْ أَضْرَرْتَ بِصَاحِبَتِنَا، وَإِنَّا نُقْسِمُ بِاللهِ أَنْ لَا نَضَعَ الْعَصَا عَنْكَ أَوْ تُطَلِّقَهَا، فَلَمَّا رَأَى الْجِدَّ مِنْهُمْ وَأَنَّهُمْ فاعِلُونَ بِهِ شَرًّا قَالَ:
[البحر الطويل]
يَا جَارَتَا بِينِي فَإِنَّكِ طَالِقَةٌ ... كَذَاكَ أُمُورُ النَّاسِ غَادٍ وَطَارِقَةْ
فَقَالُوا: وَاللهِ لَتُبِينَنَّ لَهَا الطَّلَاقَ، أَوْ لَا نَضَعُ الْعَصَا عَنْكَ، فَقَالَ:
فَبِينِي حَصَانَ الْفَرْجِ غَيْرَ ذَمِيمَةٍ ... وَمَا مُوقَةٌ مِنَّا كَمَا أَنْتِ وَامِقَةْ
فَقَالُوا: وَاللهِ لَتُبِينَنَّ الطَّلَاقَ، أَوْ لَا نَضَعُ الْعَصَا عَنْكَ، فَقَالَ:
وَبِينِي فَإِنَّ الْبَيْنَ خَيْرٌ مِنَ الْعَصَا ... وَإِنْ لَا تَزَالِي فَوْقَ رَأْسِكِ بَارِقَةْ
فَأَبانَهَا بِثَلَاثِ تَطْلِيقَاتٍ "
[البحر الوافر]
أَلَا مَنْ مُبْلِغٌ حَسَّانَ عَنِّي ... مُغَلْغَلَةً تَدِبُّ إِلَى عُكَاظِ
أَلَيْسَ أَبُوكَ قَيْنًا كَانَ فِينَا ... إِلَى الْقَيْنَاتِ فَسْلًا فِي الْحِفَاظِ
يَمَانِيًّا يَظَلُّ يَشُبُّ كِيرًا ... وَيَنْفُخُ دَائِبًا لَهَبَ الشُّوَاظِ
قَالَ: صَدَقْتَ، فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ قَوْلِهِ {وَنُحَاسٌ فَلَا تَنْتَصِرَانِ} [الرحمن: ٣٥] ، مَا النُّحَاسُ؟ قَالَ: الدُّخَانُ الَّذِي لَا لَهَبَ فِيهِ، قَالَ: وَهَلْ كَانَتِ الْعَرَبُ تَعْرِفُ ذَلِكَ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، أَمَا سَمِعْتَ قَوْلَ نَابِغَةِ بَنِي ذُبْيَانَ يَقُولُ:
[البحر المتقارب]
يُضِيءُ كَضَوْءِ سِرَاجِ السَّليـ ... ـطِ لَمْ يَجْعَلِ اللهُ فِيهِ نُحَاسَا
قَالَ: صَدَقْتَ، فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ قَوْلِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ {أَمْشَاجٍ نَبْتَلِيهِ} [الإنسان: ٢] ، قَالَ: مَاءُ الرَّجُلِ وَمَاءُ الْمَرْأَةِ إِذَا اجْتَمَعَا فِي الرَّحِمِ كَانَ مِشْجًا، قَالَ: وَهَلْ كَانَتِ الْعَرَبُ تَعْرِفُ ذَلِكَ قبل أن ينزل الكتاب على محمد صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، أَمَا سَمِعْتَ قَوْلَ أَبِي ذُؤَيْبٍ الْهُذَلِيِّ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ:
[البحر الوافر]
كَأَنَّ النَّصْلَ وَالْفُوقَيْنِ مِنْهُ ... خِلَالَ الرِّيشِ سِيطَ بِهِ مَشِيجُ
قَالَ: صَدَقْتَ، فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ قَوْلِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ {وَالْتَفَّتِ السَّاقُ بِالسَّاقِ} [القيامة: ٢٩] ، مَا السَّاقُ بِالسَّاقِ؟ قَالَ: الْحَرْبُ، قَالَ: وَهَلْ كَانَتِ الْعَرَبُ تَعْرِفُ ذَلِكَ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، أَمَا سَمِعْتَ قَوْلَ أَبِي ذُؤَيْبٍ الْهُذَلِيِّ:
[البحر الطويل]
أَخُو الْحَرْبِ إِنْ عَضَّتْ بِهِ الْحَرْبُ عَضَّهَا ... وَإِنْ شَمَّرَتْ عَنْ سَاقِهَا الْحَرْبُ شَمَّرَا
قَالَ: صَدَقْتَ، فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ قَوْلِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ {بَنِينَ وَحَفَدَةً} [النحل: ٧٢] ، مَا الْبَنُونَ وَالْحَفَدَةُ؟ قَالَ: بَنُوكَ؛ فَإِنَّهُمْ يُعَاطُونَكَ، وَأَمَّا حَفَدَتُكَ فَإِنَّهُمْ خَدَمُكَ، قَالَ: وَهَلْ كَانَتِ الْعَرَبُ تَعْرِفُ ذَلِكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ الْكِتَابُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، أَمَا سَمِعْتَ قَوْلَ أُمَيَّةَ بْنِ أَبِي الصَّلْتِ الثَّقَفِيِّ:
حَفَدَ الْوَلَائِدُ حَوْلَهُنَّ وَأُلْقِيَتْ ... بِأَكُفِّهِنَّ أَزِمَّةُ الْأَحْمَالِ
قَالَ: صَدَقْتَ، فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ قَوْلِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ {إِنَّمَا أَنْتَ مِنَ الْمُسَحَّرِينَ} [الشعراء: ١٥٣] ، مَا الْمُسَحَّرُونَ؟ قَالَ: مِنَ الْمَخْلُوقِينَ، قَالَ: فَهَلْ كَانَتِ الْعَرَبُ تَعْرِفُ ذَلِكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ الْكِتَابُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، أَمَا سَمِعْتَ قَوْلَ أُمَيَّةَ بْنِ أَبِي الصَّلْتِ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ:
[البحر الطويل]
فَإِنْ تَسْأَلِينَا مِمَّ نَحْنُ فَإِنَّنَا ... عَصَافِيرُ مِنْ هَذَا الْأَنَامِ الْمُسَحَّرِ
قَالَ: صَدَقْتَ، فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ قَوْلِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: {فَنَبَذْنَاهُ فِي الْيَمِّ وَهُوَ مُلِيمٌ} ، مَا الْمُلِيمُ؟ قَالَ: الْمُذْنِبُ، قَالَ: وَهَلْ كَانَتِ الْعَرَبُ تَعْرِفُ ذَلِكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ الْكِتَابُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، أَمَا سَمِعْتَ قَوْلَ أُمَيَّةَ بْنِ أَبِي الصَّلْتِ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ:
بَعِيدٌ مِنَ الْآفَاتِ لَسْتَ لَهَا بِأَهْلٍ ... وَلَكِنَّ الْمُسِيءَ هُوَ الْمُلِيمُ
قَالَ: صَدَقْتَ، فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ قَوْلِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: {قُلْ أَعُوذُ بِرَبِّ الْفَلَقِ} [الفلق: ١] ، مَا الْفَلَقُ؟ قَالَ: ضَوْءُ الصَّبْحِ، قَالَ: وَهَلْ كَانَتِ الْعَرَبُ تَعْرِفُ ذَلِكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ الْكِتَابُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، أَمَا سَمِعْتَ قَوْلَ لَبِيدِ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ:
[البحر البسيط]
الْفَارِجُ الْهَمِّ مَبْذُولٌ عَسَاكِرُهُ ... كَمَا يُفَرِّجُ ضَوْءَ الظُّلْمَةِ الْفَلَقُ
قَالَ: صَدَقْتَ، فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ قَوْلِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ {لِكَيْلَا تَأْسَوْا عَلَى مَا فَاتَكُمْ وَلَا تَفْرَحُوا بِمَا آتَاكُمْ} [الحديد: ٢٣] ، مَا الْأَسَى؟ قَالَ: لِكَيْ لَا تَحْزَنُوا، قَالَ: وَهَلْ كَانَتِ الْعَرَبُ تَعْرِفُ ذَلِكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ الْكِتَابُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، أَمَا سَمِعْتَ قَوْلَ لَبِيدِ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ:
[البحر الطويل]
قَلِيلُ الْأَسَى فِيمَا أَتَى الدَّهْرُ دُونَهُ ... كَرِيمُ النَّثَا حُلْوُ الشَّمَائِلِ مُعْجِبُ
قَالَ: صَدَقْتَ، فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ قَوْلِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ {ظَنَّ أَنْ لَنْ يَحُورَ} [الانشقاق: ١٤] ، مَا يَحُورُ؟ قَالَ: يَرْجِعُ، قَالَ: وَهَلْ كَانَتِ الْعَرَبُ تَعْرِفُ ذَلِكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ الْكِتَابُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، أَمَا سَمِعْتَ قَوْلَ لَبِيدِ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ:
وَمَا الْمَرْءُ إِلَّا كَالشِّهَابِ وَضَوْؤُهُ ... يَحُورُ رَمَادًا بَعْدَ إِذْ هُوَ سَاطِعُ
قَالَ: صَدَقْتَ، فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ قَوْلِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ {يَطُوفُونَ بَيْنَهَا وَبَيْنَ حَمِيمٍ آنٍ} [الرحمن: ٤٤] ، مَا الْآنُ؟ قَالَ: الَّذِي قَدِ انْتَهَى حَرُّهُ، قَالَ: وَهَلْ كَانَتِ الْعَرَبُ تَعْرِفُ ذَلِكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ الْكِتَابُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، أَمَا سَمِعْتَ قَوْلَ نَابِغَةِ بَنِي ذُبْيَانَ:
[البحر الوافر]
فَإِنْ يَقْبِضْ عَلَيْكَ أَبْو قُبَيْسٍ ... تَحُطَّ بِكَ الْمَنِيَّةُ فِي هَوَانِ
وَتُخْضَبْ لِحْيَةٌ غَدَرَتْ وَخَانَتْ ... بأَحْمَرَ مِنْ نَجِيعِ الْجَوْفِ آنِ
قَالَ: صَدَقْتَ، فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ قَوْلِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ {فَأَصْبَحَتْ كَالصَّرِيمِ} [القلم: ٢٠] ، مَا الصَّريمُ؟ قَالَ: كَاللَّيْلِ الْمُظْلِمِ، قَالَ: وَهَلْ كَانَتِ الْعَرَبُ تَعْرِفُ ذَلِكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ الْكِتَابُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، أَمَا سَمِعْتَ قَوْلَ نَابِغَةِ بَنِيِ ذُبْيَانَ:
[البحر البسيط]
لَا تَزْجُرُوا مُكَفَهِرُّ الْأَكْفَاءِ لَهُ ... كَاللَّيْلِ يَخْلُطُ أَصْرامًا بأَصْرَامِ
قَالَ: صَدَقْتَ، فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ قَوْلِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ {إِلَى غَسَقِ اللَّيْلِ} [الإسراء: ٧٨] ، مَا غَسَقُ اللَّيْلِ؟ قَالَ: إِذَا أَظْلَمَ، قَالَ: وَهَلْ كَانَتِ الْعَرَبُ تَعْرِفُ ذَلِكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ الْكِتَابُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، أَمَا سَمِعْتَ النَّابِغَةَ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ:
كَأَنَّمَا جُلُّ مَا قَالُوا وَمَا وَعَدُوا ... آلٌ تَضَمَّنَهُ مِنْ دَامِسٍ غَسَقِ
قَالَ أَبُو خَلِيفَةَ: الْآلُ: السَّرابُ
قَالَ: صَدَقْتَ، فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ قَوْلِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ {وَكَانَ اللهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ مُقِيتًا} [النساء: ٨٥] مَا الْمُقِيتُ؟ قَالَ: قَادِرٌ، قَالَ: وَهَلْ كَانَتِ الْعَرَبُ تَعْرِفُ ذَلِكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ الْكِتَابُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، أَمَا سَمِعْتَ قَوْلَ امْرِئِ الْقَيْسِ:
[البحر الوافر]
وَذِي ضِغْنٍ كَفَفْتُ الضِّغْنَ عَنْهُ ... وَإِنِّي فِي مَسَاءَتِهِ مُقِيتُ
قَالَ: صَدَقْتَ، فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ قَوْلِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ {وَاللَّيْلِ إِذَا عَسْعَسَ} [التكوير: ١٧] قَالَ: إِقْبَالُهُ بِسَوَادِهِ، قَالَ: وَهَلْ كَانَتِ الْعَرَبُ تَعْرِفُ ذَلِكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ الْكِتَابُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، أَمَا سَمِعْتَ قَوْلَ امْرِئِ الْقَيْسِ:
عَسْعَسَ حَتَّى لَوْ يَشَاءُ ادَّنَا ... كَانَ لَنَا مِنْ ضَوْءِ نُورِهِ مَقْبَسُ
قَالَ: صَدَقْتَ، فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ قَوْلِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ {وَأَنَا بِهِ زَعِيمٌ} [يوسف: ٧٢] ، قَالَ: الزَّعِيمُ: الْكَفِيلُ، قَالَ: وَهَلْ كَانَتِ الْعَرَبُ تَعْرِفُ ذَلِكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ الْكِتَابُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، أَمَا سَمِعْتَ قَوْلَ امْرِئِ الْقَيْسِ:
[البحر الطويل]
وَإِنِّي زَعِيمٌ إِنْ رَجَعْتُ مُمَلَّكًا ... بِسَيْرٍ تَرَى مِنْهُ الْفُرَانِقَ أَزْوِرَا
قَالَ: صَدَقْتَ، فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ قَوْلِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ {وَفُومِهَا} [البقرة: ٦١] ، مَا الْفُومُ؟ قَالَ: الْحِنْطَةُ، قَالَ: وَهَلْ كَانَتِ الْعَرَبُ تَعْرِفُ ذَلِكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ الْكِتَابُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، أَمَا سَمِعْتَ قَوْلَ أَبِي ذُؤَيْبٍ الْهُذَلِيِّ:
[البحر الكامل]
قَدْ كُنْتَ تَحْسِبُنِي كَأَغْنَى وَافِدٍ ... قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ عَنْ زِرَاعَةِ فُومِ
قَالَ: صَدَقْتَ، فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ قَوْلِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ {الْأَزْلَامُ} [المائدة: ٩٠] ، مَا الْأَزْلَامُ؟ قَالَ: الْقِدَاحُ، قَالَ: وَهَلْ كَانَتِ الْعَرَبُ تَعْرِفُ ذَلِكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ الْكِتَابُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، أَمَا سَمِعْتَ قَوْلَ الْحُطَيْئَةِ:
[البحر البسيط]
لَا يَزْجُرُ الطَّيْرَ إِنْ مَرَّتْ بِهِ سَنَحًا ... وَلَا يُقَامُ لَهُ قَدَحٌ بِأَزْلَامِ
قَالَ: صَدَقْتَ، فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ قَوْلِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ {أَصْحَابُ الْمَشْأَمَةِ، مَا أَصْحَابُ الْمَشْأَمَةِ} [الواقعة: ٩] ؟ قَالَ: أَصْحَابُ الشِّمَالِ، قَالَ: وَهَلْ كَانَتِ الْعَرَبُ تَعْرِفُ ذَلِكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ الْكِتَابُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ؟ قَالَ: أَمَا سَمِعْتَ بِقَوْلِ زُهَيْرِ بْنِ أَبِي سُلْمَى:
نَزَلَ الشَّيْبُ بِالشِّمَالِ قَرِيبًا ... وَالْمَرُورَاتِ دَائِيًا وَحَقِيرَا
قَالَ: صَدَقْتَ، فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ قَوْلِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ {إِذَا الْبِحَارُ سُجِّرَتْ} [التكوير: ٦] قَالَ: اخْتَلَطَ مَاؤُهَا بِمَاءِ الْأَرْضِ، قَالَ: وَهَلْ كَانَتِ الْعَرَبُ تَعْرِفُ ذَلِكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ الْكِتَابُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، أَمَا سَمِعْتَ قَوْلَ زُهَيْرِ بْنِ أَبِي سُلْمَى:
[البحر البسيط]
لَقَدْ عَرَفَتْ رَبِيعَةُ فِي جُذَامٍ ... وَكَعْبٍ خَالَهَا وَابْنَا ضِرَارِ
لَقَدْ نَازَعْتُمُ حَسَبًا قَدِيمًا ... وَقَدْ سَجَّرَتْ بِحَارُهُمُ بِحَارِي
قَالَ: صَدَقْتَ، فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ قَوْلِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ {وَالسَّمَاءِ ذَاتِ الْحُبُكِ} [الذاريات: ٧] ، مَا الْحُبُكُ؟ قَالَ: ذَاتُ الطَّرَائِقِ، قَالَ: وَهَلْ كَانَتِ الْعَرَبُ تَعْرِفُ ذَلِكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ الْكِتَابُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، أَمَا سَمِعْتَ قَوْلَ زُهَيْرِ بْنِ أَبِي سُلْمَى:
[البحر البسيط]
مُكَلَّلٌ بِأُصُولِ النَّجْمِ تَنْسِجُهُ ... رِيحُ الشِّمَالِ لِضَاحِي مَائِهِ حُبُكُ
قَالَ: صَدَقْتَ، فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ قَوْلِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ {جَدُّ رَبِّنَا} [الجن: ٣] ، مَا جَدُّ رَبِّنَا؟ قَالَ: ارْتَفَعَتْ عَظَمَتُهُ، قَالَ: وَهَلْ كَانَتِ الْعَرَبُ تَعْرِفُ ذَلِكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ الْكِتَابُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، أَمَا سَمِعْتَ قَوْلَ طَرَفَةَ بْنِ الْعَبْدِ لِلنُّعْمَانِ بْنِ الْمُنْذِرِ:
[البحر المتقارب]
إِلَى مَلِكٍ يَضْرِبُ الدَّارِعِينَ ... لَمْ يَنْقُصِ الشَّيْبُ مِنْهُ قَبَالَا
تَرَفَّعْ بِجَدِّكَ إِنِّي امْرُؤٌ ... سَقَتْنِي الْأَعَادِي سِجَالًا سِجَالَا
قَالَ: صَدَقْتَ، فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ قَوْلِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلِّ {حَتَّى تَكُونَ حَرَضًا} [يوسف: ٨٥] ، قَالَ: الْحَرَضُ: الْبَالِي، قَالَ: وَهَلْ كَانَتِ الْعَرَبُ تَعْرِفُ ذَلِكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ الْكِتَابُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، أَمَا سَمِعْتَ قَوْلَ طَرَفَةَ بْنِ الْعَبْدِ:
[البحر الطويل]
أَمِنْ ذِكْرِ لَيْلَى إِنْ نَأَتْ غُرْبَةٌ بِهَا ... أَعَدُّ حَرِيضًا لِلْكِرَا مُحَرَّمِ
قَالَ: صَدَقْتَ، فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ قَوْلِ اللهِ جَلَّ ذِكْرُهُ {وَأَنْتُمْ سَامِدُونَ} [النجم: ٦١] ، مَا سَامِدُونَ؟ قَالَ: لَاهُونَ، قَالَ: وَهَلْ كَانَتِ الْعَرَبُ تَعْرِفُ ذَلِكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ الْكِتَابُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، أَمَا سَمِعْتَ قَوْلَ هُزَيْلَةَ بِنْتِ بَكْرٍ تَبْكِي عَادًا:
[البحر الرمل]
بَعَثَتْ عَادٌ لَقِيمًا ... وَأَتَى سَعْدٌ شَرِيدَا
قِيلَ قُمْ فَانْظُرْ إِلَيْهِمْ ... ثُمَّ دَعْ عَنْكَ السُّمُودَا
قَالَ: صَدَقْتَ، فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ قَوْلِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: {إِذَا اتَّسَقَ} [الانشقاق: ١٨] مَا اتِّسَاقُهُ؟ قَالَ: إِذَا اجْتَمَعَ. قَالَ: وَهَلْ كَانَتِ الْعَرَبُ تَعْرِفُ ذَلِكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ الْكِتَابُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، أَمَا سَمِعْتَ قَوْلَ أَبِي صِرْمَةَ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ:
[البحر الرجز]
إِنَّ لَنَا قَلَائِصًا نَقَائِقَا ... مُسْتَوْسِقَاتٍ لَوْ يَجِدْنَ سَائِقَا
قَالَ: صَدَقْتَ، فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ قَوْلِ اللهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: الْأَحَدُ {الصَّمَدُ} [الإخلاص: ٢] ، أَمَّا الْأَحَدُ فَقَدْ عَرَفْنَاهُ، فَمَا الصَّمَدُ؟ قَالَ: الَّذِي يُصْمَدُ إِلَيْهِ فِي الْأُمُورِ كُلِّهَا، قَالَ: فَهَلْ كَانَتِ الْعَرَبُ تَعْرِفُ ذَلِكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ الْكِتَابُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، أَمَا سَمِعْتَ بِقَوْلِ الْأَسَدِيَّةِ:
[البحر الطويل]
أَلَا بَكَّرَ النَّاعِي بِخَيْرَيْ بَنِي أَسَدْ ... بِعَمْرِو بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ وَبِالسَّيِّدِ الصَّمَدْ
قَالَ: صَدَقْتَ، فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ قَوْلِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ {يَلْقَ أَثَامًا} [الفرقان: ٦٨] ، مَا الْأَثَامُ؟ قَالَ: جَزَاءً، قَالَ: وَهَلْ كَانَتِ الْعَرَبُ تَعْرِفُ ذَلِكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ الْكِتَابُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، أَمَا سَمِعْتَ بِقَوْلِ بِشْرِ بْنِ أَبِي حَازِمٍ الْأَسَدِيِّ:
[البحر الوافر]
وَإِنَّ مَقَامَنَا نَدْعُو عَلَيْهِمْ ... بِأَبْطَحِ ذِي الْمَجَازِ لَهُ أَثَامُ
قَالَ: صَدَقْتَ، فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ قَوْلِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ {وَهُوَ كَظِيمٌ} [النحل: ٥٨] ، مَا الْكَظِيمُ؟ قَالَ: السَّاكِتُ، قَالَ: وَهَلْ كَانَتِ الْعَرَبُ تَعْرِفُ ذَلِكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ الْكِتَابُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، أَمَا سَمِعْتَ بِقَوْلِ زُهَيْرِ بِنِ جَذِيمَةَ الْعَبْسِيِّ:
[البحر الوافر]
فَإِنْ تَكُ كَاظِمًا بِمُصَابِ شَاسٍ ... فَإِنِّي الْيَوْمَ مُنْطَلِقٌ لِسَانِي
قَالَ: صَدَقْتَ، فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ قَوْلِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ {أَوْ تَسْمَعُ لَهُمْ رِكْزًا} [مريم: ٩٨] قَالَ: صَوَابًا، قَالَ: وَهَلْ كَانَتِ الْعَرَبُ تَعْرِفُ ذَلِكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ الْكِتَابُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، أَمَا سَمِعْتَ بِقَوْلِ خِدَاشِ بْنِ زُهَيْرٍ:
[البحر البسيط]
فَإِنْ سَمِعْتُمْ بِحَبْلٍ هَابِطٍ سَرَفًا ... أَوْ بَطْنِ قَوْمٍ فأَخْفُوا الرِّكْزَ وَاكْتَتِمُوا
قَالَ: صَدَقْتَ، فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ قَوْلِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ {إِذْ تَحُسُّونَهُمْ بِإِذْنِهِ} [آل عمران: ١٥٢] ، قَالَ: إِذْ تَقْتُلُونَهُمْ بِإِذْنِهِ، قَالَ: وَهَلْ كَانَتِ الْعَرَبُ تَعْرِفُ ذَلِكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ الْكِتَابُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، أَمَا سَمِعْتَ بِقَوْلِ عُتْبَةَ اللَّيْثِيِّ:
[البحر الطويل]
نَحُسُّهُمُ بِالْبِيضِ حَتَّى كَأَنَّمَا ... نُفَلِّقُ مِنْهُمْ بِالْجَمَاجِمِ حَنْظَلَا
قَالَ: صَدَقْتَ، فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ قَوْلِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ {يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ إِذَا طَلَّقْتُمُ النِّسَاءَ} [الطلاق: ١] ، هَلْ كَانَ الطَّلَاقُ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، طَلَاقًا بَائِنًا ثَلَاثًا، أَمَا سَمِعْتَ قَوْلَ أَعْشَى بَنِي قَيْسِ بْنِ ثَعْلَبَةَ حِينَ أَخَذَهُ أَخْتَانُهُ عَنَزَةُ فَقَالُوا لَهُ: إِنَّكَ قَدْ أَضْرَرْتَ بِصَاحِبَتِنَا، وَإِنَّا نُقْسِمُ بِاللهِ أَنْ لَا نَضَعَ الْعَصَا عَنْكَ أَوْ تُطَلِّقَهَا، فَلَمَّا رَأَى الْجِدَّ مِنْهُمْ وَأَنَّهُمْ فاعِلُونَ بِهِ شَرًّا قَالَ:
[البحر الطويل]
يَا جَارَتَا بِينِي فَإِنَّكِ طَالِقَةٌ ... كَذَاكَ أُمُورُ النَّاسِ غَادٍ وَطَارِقَةْ
فَقَالُوا: وَاللهِ لَتُبِينَنَّ لَهَا الطَّلَاقَ، أَوْ لَا نَضَعُ الْعَصَا عَنْكَ، فَقَالَ:
فَبِينِي حَصَانَ الْفَرْجِ غَيْرَ ذَمِيمَةٍ ... وَمَا مُوقَةٌ مِنَّا كَمَا أَنْتِ وَامِقَةْ
فَقَالُوا: وَاللهِ لَتُبِينَنَّ الطَّلَاقَ، أَوْ لَا نَضَعُ الْعَصَا عَنْكَ، فَقَالَ:
وَبِينِي فَإِنَّ الْبَيْنَ خَيْرٌ مِنَ الْعَصَا ... وَإِنْ لَا تَزَالِي فَوْقَ رَأْسِكِ بَارِقَةْ
فَأَبانَهَا بِثَلَاثِ تَطْلِيقَاتٍ "
Al-Dahhak bin Muzahim al-Hilali said: Nafi' bin al-Azraq and Najdah bin Uwaymir, along with a group of the chiefs of the Khawarij, set out seeking and searching for knowledge until they reached Makkah. There they saw Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) sitting near Zamzam, wearing a red cloak and a shirt, and some people were standing asking him about tafsir, saying: O Ibn Abbas! What do you say about such and such? And he would say: It is such and such. Nafi' bin al-Azraq said to him: O Ibn Abbas! How bold you are in what you have been saying all day today! Ibn Abbas said: O Nafi', may your mother be bereaved of you and lose you! Shall I not tell you who is bolder than me? He said: Who is it, O Ibn Abbas? He said: A man who says something of which he has no knowledge, and a man who conceals knowledge that he has. He said: You have spoken the truth, O Ibn Abbas; I have come to ask you questions. He said: Ask, O Ibn al-Azraq!
He asked: Tell me about the saying of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic: "A smokeless flame of fire (shuwaz) will be sent against you both" [Surah al-Rahman: 35]; what is shuwaz? He said: The flame in which there is no smoke. He asked: Did the Arabs know this word before the Book was revealed to Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him)? He said: Yes; have you not heard this poetry of Umayyah bin Abi al-Salt: Who will convey from me to Hassan a message that spreads all the way to Ukaz? Was your father not a blacksmith among us, inclined towards slave-girls and feeble in guarding his honour? A Yemeni who would spend the day stoking a furnace and continually blowing the flame of the blaze (shuwaz). He said: You have spoken the truth.
Then he asked: In His saying: "And flameless smoke (nuhas), and you will not be able to defend yourselves" [Surah al-Rahman: 35], what is nuhas? He said: Smoke in which there is no flame. He asked: Did the Arabs know this? He said: Yes, in this poetry of al-Nabighah al-Dhubyani: that it shines like the light of an oil lamp, in which Allah has placed no smoke (nuhas). He said: You have spoken the truth.
He asked: In the saying of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic: "We test him from a mingled (amshaj) drop" [Surah al-Insan: 2], what is amshaj? He said: The fluid of the man and the fluid of the woman, when they come together in the womb, are called mishj (a mixture). He asked: Did the Arabs know this beforehand? He said: Yes, in this poetry of Abu Dhu'ayb al-Hudhali: as though between the arrowhead and its two notches, within the feathers, some mingled substance (mashij) had been kneaded in. He said: You have spoken the truth.
He asked: In the saying of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic: "And the shin is wrapped around the shin" [Surah al-Qiyamah: 29], what is the shin around the shin? He said: War (its severity). He asked: Did the Arabs know this? He said: Yes, in this poetry of Abu Dhu'ayb al-Hudhali: a man of war; if war bites him, he bites it back, and if war tucks up its garment from its shin, he tucks up his too. He said: You have spoken the truth.
He asked: In the saying of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic: "Sons and grandsons/servants (hafadah)" [Surah al-Nahl: 72], what are banun and hafadah? He said: Banun are your sons, for they give to you, and hafadah are those who are your servants. He asked: Did the Arabs know this? He said: Yes, in this poetry of Umayyah bin Abi al-Salt al-Thaqafi: the slave-girls kept running about serving (hafada) around them, and the reins of the loads were placed in their hands. He said: You have spoken the truth.
He asked: In the saying of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic: "You are only one of the musahharin" [Surah al-Shu'ara': 153], what are the musahharun? He said: Of the created beings. He asked: Did the Arabs know this? He said: Yes, in this poetry of Umayyah bin Abi al-Salt: if you ask what we are, then we are a few sparrows of this created (musahhar) mankind. He said: You have spoken the truth.
He asked: In the saying of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic: "So We cast him into the sea while he was blameworthy (mulim)", what is mulim? He said: A sinner. He asked: Did the Arabs know this? He said: Yes, in this poetry of Umayyah bin Abi al-Salt: you are far from calamities, you are not deserving of them; rather, it is the wrongdoer who is blameworthy (mulim). He said: You have spoken the truth.
He asked: In the saying of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic: "Say: I seek refuge in the Lord of the daybreak (falaq)" [Surah al-Falaq: 1], what is falaq? He said: The light of dawn. He asked: Did the Arabs know this? He said: Yes, in this poetry of Labid bin Rabi'ah: the reliever of grief, whose hosts are open to all, just as the light of dawn (falaq) splits the darkness. He said: You have spoken the truth.
He asked: In the saying of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic: "So that you do not grieve (ta'saw) over what has escaped you, nor exult over what He has given you" [Surah al-Hadid: 23], what is asa? He said: So that you do not grieve. He asked: Did the Arabs know this? He said: Yes, in this poetry of Labid: (so-and-so was) little given to grief over the calamities of time, of fine repute, of sweet disposition and admirable. He said: You have spoken the truth.
He asked: In the saying of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic: "He thought that he would never return (yahur)" [Surah al-Inshiqaq: 14], what is yahur? He said: Returns. He asked: Did the Arabs know this? He said: Yes, in this poetry of Labid: man is nothing but like a burning ember; after shining brightly, its light returns (yahur) to ashes. He said: You have spoken the truth.
He asked: In the saying of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic: "They will go round between it and boiling water, intensely hot (an)" [Surah al-Rahman: 44], what is an? He said: That whose heat has reached its utmost. He asked: Did the Arabs know this? He said: Yes, in this poetry of al-Nabighah al-Dhubyani: if Abu Qubays seizes you, death will bring you down in disgrace, and the beard that betrayed and deceived will be dyed red with the intensely hot (an) blood of the belly. He said: You have spoken the truth.
He asked: In the saying of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic: "And it became like a pitch-dark night (sarim)" [Surah al-Qalam: 20], what is sarim? He said: Like a dark night. He asked: Did the Arabs know this? He said: Yes, in this poetry of al-Nabighah al-Dhubyani: do not rebuke the grim-faced one's equals; he is like the night that mingles groups with groups. He said: You have spoken the truth.
He asked: In the saying of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic: "Until the darkness (ghasaq) of the night" [Surah al-Isra': 78], what is ghasaq al-layl? He said: When it becomes dark. He asked: Did the Arabs know this? He said: Yes, in this poetry of al-Nabighah: as though all that they said and promised were a mirage (al) wrapped in deep darkness (ghasaq). Abu Khalifah said: Al means mirage. He said: You have spoken the truth.
He asked: In the saying of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic: "And Allah has power (muqit) over all things" [Surah al-Nisa': 85], what is muqit? He said: Having power. He asked: Did the Arabs know this? He said: Yes, in this poetry of Imru' al-Qays: many a rancorous man have I restrained from his rancour, while I had full power (muqit) to harm him. He said: You have spoken the truth.
He asked about the saying of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic: "And by the night as it approaches with its darkness (as'as)" [Surah al-Takwir: 17]. He said: Its approaching with its blackness. He asked: Did the Arabs know this? He said: Yes, in this poetry of Imru' al-Qays: the night drew on (as'as), until, had it wished, we would have had a spark from its light. He said: You have spoken the truth.
He asked: In the saying of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic: "And I am responsible (za'im) for it" [Surah Yusuf: 72], what is za'im? He said: Za'im means guarantor. He asked: Did the Arabs know this? He said: Yes, in this poetry of Imru' al-Qays: if I return as a king, I am the guarantor (za'im) of such a journey that even its courier will bend with exhaustion. He said: You have spoken the truth.
He asked: In the saying of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic: "And its wheat (fum)" [Surah al-Baqarah: 61], what is fum? He said: Wheat. He asked: Did the Arabs know this? He said: Yes, in this poetry of Abu Dhu'ayb al-Hudhali: you used to regard me like the richest of delegates who came to Madinah from the cultivation of wheat (fum). He said: You have spoken the truth.
He asked about the saying of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic: "Azlam" [Surah al-Ma'idah: 90]; what are azlam? He said: Divining arrows. He asked: Did the Arabs know this? He said: Yes, in this poetry of al-Hutay'ah: he does not draw omens from birds passing by, nor is any arrow of the divining arrows (azlam) set up for him. He said: You have spoken the truth.
He asked about the saying of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic: "The companions of the left, and what are the companions of the left?" [Surah al-Waqi'ah: 9]. He said: Those of the left side (the wretched). He asked: Did the Arabs know this? He said: In this poetry of Zuhayr bin Abi Sulma: old age descended near, from the left side, and from desolate tracts, with sickness and contempt. He said: You have spoken the truth.
He asked about the saying of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic: "When the seas are made to overflow (sujjirat)" [Surah al-Takwir: 6]. He said: Their water will be mixed with the water of the earth. He asked: Did the Arabs know this? He said: Yes, in this poetry of Zuhayr: Rabi'ah recognised its maternal uncle in Judham, Ka'b and the two sons of Dirar; you have disputed over an ancient lineage, when their seas had already merged (sajjarat) with my seas. He said: You have spoken the truth.
He asked: In the saying of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic: "By the heaven full of pathways (dhat al-hubuk)" [Surah al-Dhariyat: 7], what is hubuk? He said: Having streaks. He asked: Did the Arabs know this? He said: Yes, in this poetry of Zuhayr: crowned with the roots of the stars, the north wind weaves streaks (hubuk) upon its open water. He said: You have spoken the truth.
He asked: In the saying of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic: "The majesty (jadd) of our Lord" [Surah al-Jinn: 3], what is jadd rabbina? He said: His greatness is exalted. He asked: Did the Arabs know this? He said: Yes, this poetry of Tarafah bin al-Abd addressed to al-Nu'man bin al-Mundhir: to a king who strikes down armoured warriors, whose old age has not diminished his stature in the least; be exalted by your majesty (jadd); I am a man whom the enemies have given to drink bucket after bucket. He said: You have spoken the truth.
He asked about the saying of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic: "Until you become utterly worn out (harad)" [Surah Yusuf: 85]. He said: Harad means worn out, wasted away. He asked: Did the Arabs know this? He said: Yes, in this poetry of Tarafah bin al-Abd: is it from the remembrance of Layla, when she went to live far away, that I count myself deprived of sleep and wasted away (harid)? He said: You have spoken the truth.
He asked: In the saying of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic: "While you are heedless (samidun)" [Surah al-Najm: 61], what is samidun? He said: Occupied in amusement, heedless. He asked: Did the Arabs know this? He said: Yes, in this poetry of Huzaylah bint Bakr, who says while weeping over the people of Ad: Ad sent Luqaym and Sa'd came fleeing; it was said: Get up and look at them, then give up your heedlessness (sumud). He said: You have spoken the truth.
He asked about the saying of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic: "When it becomes full (ittasaq)" [Surah al-Inshiqaq: 18]. He said: When it comes together (becomes complete). He asked: Did the Arabs know this? He said: Yes, in this poetry of Abu Sirmah al-Ansari: we have lean she-camels gathered together (mustawsiqat); if only they could find someone to drive them. He said: You have spoken the truth.
He asked about the saying of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic: "Allah, the One (Ahad)", "the Self-Sufficient Master (al-Samad)" [Surah al-Ikhlas: 2]: Ahad we already know, so what is al-Samad? He said: The One to whom recourse is made in all matters. He asked: Did the Arabs know this? He said: Yes, in this poetry of a woman of Banu Asad: early in the morning the bearer of death-news came with the news of the death of the two best of Banu Asad, Amr bin Mas'ud and the chief, al-samad. He said: You have spoken the truth.
He asked: In the saying of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic: "He will meet a penalty (athama)" [Surah al-Furqan: 68], what is atham? He said: Recompense, penalty. He asked: Did the Arabs know this? He said: Yes, in this poetry of Bishr bin Abi Hazim al-Asadi: our standing is that we invoke curses upon them in the valley of Dhu al-Majaz; there will be a penalty (atham) for it. He said: You have spoken the truth.
He asked: In the saying of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic: "And he is filled with grief (kazim)" [Surah al-Nahl: 58], what is kazim? He said: Silent. He asked: Did the Arabs know this? He said: Yes, in this poetry of Zuhayr bin Jadhimah al-Absi: if you sit suppressing your grief (kazim) over the death of Shas, then today I will let loose my tongue. He said: You have spoken the truth.
He asked about the saying of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic: "Or do you hear from them any faint sound (rikz)?" [Surah Maryam: 98]. He said: Any proper sound. He asked: Did the Arabs know this? He said: Yes, in this poetry of Khidash bin Zuhayr: if you hear of a rope suddenly descending, or of the inner affairs of a people, then conceal that faint sound (rikz) and keep it secret. He said: You have spoken the truth.
He asked about the saying of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic: "When you were killing them (tahussunahum) by His permission" [Surah Al Imran: 152]. He said: That is, when you were killing them by His permission. He asked: Did the Arabs know this? He said: Yes, in this poetry of Utbah al-Laythi: we cut them down (nahussuhum) with swords until it is as though we were splitting their skulls like colocynth gourds. He said: You have spoken the truth.
He asked about the saying of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic: "O Prophet! When you divorce women" [Surah al-Talaq: 1]; he asked: Was there divorce in the Days of Ignorance (Jahiliyyah)? He said: Yes, the complete, irrevocable (ba'in) divorce of three pronouncements. Have you not heard the incident of al-A'sha of Banu Qays bin Tha'labah, when his in-laws, the tribe of Anazah, seized him and said to him: You have harmed our woman, and we swear by Allah that we will not lift the stick from you until you divorce her. When he saw their seriousness and that they intended to treat him badly, he said: O neighbour (wife)! Be separated, for you are divorced; thus do people's affairs come and go. They said: By Allah! You must divorce her clearly, or we will not lift the stick from you. He said: Then be separated, chaste and blameless, and none among us loves as you love. They said again: By Allah! You must make the divorce clear, or we will not lift the stick from you. He said: Then be separated, for separation is better than the stick; otherwise a sword will keep flashing over your head. So he separated from her with three divorces.
He asked: Tell me about the saying of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic: "A smokeless flame of fire (shuwaz) will be sent against you both" [Surah al-Rahman: 35]; what is shuwaz? He said: The flame in which there is no smoke. He asked: Did the Arabs know this word before the Book was revealed to Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him)? He said: Yes; have you not heard this poetry of Umayyah bin Abi al-Salt: Who will convey from me to Hassan a message that spreads all the way to Ukaz? Was your father not a blacksmith among us, inclined towards slave-girls and feeble in guarding his honour? A Yemeni who would spend the day stoking a furnace and continually blowing the flame of the blaze (shuwaz). He said: You have spoken the truth.
Then he asked: In His saying: "And flameless smoke (nuhas), and you will not be able to defend yourselves" [Surah al-Rahman: 35], what is nuhas? He said: Smoke in which there is no flame. He asked: Did the Arabs know this? He said: Yes, in this poetry of al-Nabighah al-Dhubyani: that it shines like the light of an oil lamp, in which Allah has placed no smoke (nuhas). He said: You have spoken the truth.
He asked: In the saying of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic: "We test him from a mingled (amshaj) drop" [Surah al-Insan: 2], what is amshaj? He said: The fluid of the man and the fluid of the woman, when they come together in the womb, are called mishj (a mixture). He asked: Did the Arabs know this beforehand? He said: Yes, in this poetry of Abu Dhu'ayb al-Hudhali: as though between the arrowhead and its two notches, within the feathers, some mingled substance (mashij) had been kneaded in. He said: You have spoken the truth.
He asked: In the saying of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic: "And the shin is wrapped around the shin" [Surah al-Qiyamah: 29], what is the shin around the shin? He said: War (its severity). He asked: Did the Arabs know this? He said: Yes, in this poetry of Abu Dhu'ayb al-Hudhali: a man of war; if war bites him, he bites it back, and if war tucks up its garment from its shin, he tucks up his too. He said: You have spoken the truth.
He asked: In the saying of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic: "Sons and grandsons/servants (hafadah)" [Surah al-Nahl: 72], what are banun and hafadah? He said: Banun are your sons, for they give to you, and hafadah are those who are your servants. He asked: Did the Arabs know this? He said: Yes, in this poetry of Umayyah bin Abi al-Salt al-Thaqafi: the slave-girls kept running about serving (hafada) around them, and the reins of the loads were placed in their hands. He said: You have spoken the truth.
He asked: In the saying of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic: "You are only one of the musahharin" [Surah al-Shu'ara': 153], what are the musahharun? He said: Of the created beings. He asked: Did the Arabs know this? He said: Yes, in this poetry of Umayyah bin Abi al-Salt: if you ask what we are, then we are a few sparrows of this created (musahhar) mankind. He said: You have spoken the truth.
He asked: In the saying of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic: "So We cast him into the sea while he was blameworthy (mulim)", what is mulim? He said: A sinner. He asked: Did the Arabs know this? He said: Yes, in this poetry of Umayyah bin Abi al-Salt: you are far from calamities, you are not deserving of them; rather, it is the wrongdoer who is blameworthy (mulim). He said: You have spoken the truth.
He asked: In the saying of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic: "Say: I seek refuge in the Lord of the daybreak (falaq)" [Surah al-Falaq: 1], what is falaq? He said: The light of dawn. He asked: Did the Arabs know this? He said: Yes, in this poetry of Labid bin Rabi'ah: the reliever of grief, whose hosts are open to all, just as the light of dawn (falaq) splits the darkness. He said: You have spoken the truth.
He asked: In the saying of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic: "So that you do not grieve (ta'saw) over what has escaped you, nor exult over what He has given you" [Surah al-Hadid: 23], what is asa? He said: So that you do not grieve. He asked: Did the Arabs know this? He said: Yes, in this poetry of Labid: (so-and-so was) little given to grief over the calamities of time, of fine repute, of sweet disposition and admirable. He said: You have spoken the truth.
He asked: In the saying of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic: "He thought that he would never return (yahur)" [Surah al-Inshiqaq: 14], what is yahur? He said: Returns. He asked: Did the Arabs know this? He said: Yes, in this poetry of Labid: man is nothing but like a burning ember; after shining brightly, its light returns (yahur) to ashes. He said: You have spoken the truth.
He asked: In the saying of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic: "They will go round between it and boiling water, intensely hot (an)" [Surah al-Rahman: 44], what is an? He said: That whose heat has reached its utmost. He asked: Did the Arabs know this? He said: Yes, in this poetry of al-Nabighah al-Dhubyani: if Abu Qubays seizes you, death will bring you down in disgrace, and the beard that betrayed and deceived will be dyed red with the intensely hot (an) blood of the belly. He said: You have spoken the truth.
He asked: In the saying of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic: "And it became like a pitch-dark night (sarim)" [Surah al-Qalam: 20], what is sarim? He said: Like a dark night. He asked: Did the Arabs know this? He said: Yes, in this poetry of al-Nabighah al-Dhubyani: do not rebuke the grim-faced one's equals; he is like the night that mingles groups with groups. He said: You have spoken the truth.
He asked: In the saying of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic: "Until the darkness (ghasaq) of the night" [Surah al-Isra': 78], what is ghasaq al-layl? He said: When it becomes dark. He asked: Did the Arabs know this? He said: Yes, in this poetry of al-Nabighah: as though all that they said and promised were a mirage (al) wrapped in deep darkness (ghasaq). Abu Khalifah said: Al means mirage. He said: You have spoken the truth.
He asked: In the saying of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic: "And Allah has power (muqit) over all things" [Surah al-Nisa': 85], what is muqit? He said: Having power. He asked: Did the Arabs know this? He said: Yes, in this poetry of Imru' al-Qays: many a rancorous man have I restrained from his rancour, while I had full power (muqit) to harm him. He said: You have spoken the truth.
He asked about the saying of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic: "And by the night as it approaches with its darkness (as'as)" [Surah al-Takwir: 17]. He said: Its approaching with its blackness. He asked: Did the Arabs know this? He said: Yes, in this poetry of Imru' al-Qays: the night drew on (as'as), until, had it wished, we would have had a spark from its light. He said: You have spoken the truth.
He asked: In the saying of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic: "And I am responsible (za'im) for it" [Surah Yusuf: 72], what is za'im? He said: Za'im means guarantor. He asked: Did the Arabs know this? He said: Yes, in this poetry of Imru' al-Qays: if I return as a king, I am the guarantor (za'im) of such a journey that even its courier will bend with exhaustion. He said: You have spoken the truth.
He asked: In the saying of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic: "And its wheat (fum)" [Surah al-Baqarah: 61], what is fum? He said: Wheat. He asked: Did the Arabs know this? He said: Yes, in this poetry of Abu Dhu'ayb al-Hudhali: you used to regard me like the richest of delegates who came to Madinah from the cultivation of wheat (fum). He said: You have spoken the truth.
He asked about the saying of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic: "Azlam" [Surah al-Ma'idah: 90]; what are azlam? He said: Divining arrows. He asked: Did the Arabs know this? He said: Yes, in this poetry of al-Hutay'ah: he does not draw omens from birds passing by, nor is any arrow of the divining arrows (azlam) set up for him. He said: You have spoken the truth.
He asked about the saying of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic: "The companions of the left, and what are the companions of the left?" [Surah al-Waqi'ah: 9]. He said: Those of the left side (the wretched). He asked: Did the Arabs know this? He said: In this poetry of Zuhayr bin Abi Sulma: old age descended near, from the left side, and from desolate tracts, with sickness and contempt. He said: You have spoken the truth.
He asked about the saying of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic: "When the seas are made to overflow (sujjirat)" [Surah al-Takwir: 6]. He said: Their water will be mixed with the water of the earth. He asked: Did the Arabs know this? He said: Yes, in this poetry of Zuhayr: Rabi'ah recognised its maternal uncle in Judham, Ka'b and the two sons of Dirar; you have disputed over an ancient lineage, when their seas had already merged (sajjarat) with my seas. He said: You have spoken the truth.
He asked: In the saying of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic: "By the heaven full of pathways (dhat al-hubuk)" [Surah al-Dhariyat: 7], what is hubuk? He said: Having streaks. He asked: Did the Arabs know this? He said: Yes, in this poetry of Zuhayr: crowned with the roots of the stars, the north wind weaves streaks (hubuk) upon its open water. He said: You have spoken the truth.
He asked: In the saying of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic: "The majesty (jadd) of our Lord" [Surah al-Jinn: 3], what is jadd rabbina? He said: His greatness is exalted. He asked: Did the Arabs know this? He said: Yes, this poetry of Tarafah bin al-Abd addressed to al-Nu'man bin al-Mundhir: to a king who strikes down armoured warriors, whose old age has not diminished his stature in the least; be exalted by your majesty (jadd); I am a man whom the enemies have given to drink bucket after bucket. He said: You have spoken the truth.
He asked about the saying of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic: "Until you become utterly worn out (harad)" [Surah Yusuf: 85]. He said: Harad means worn out, wasted away. He asked: Did the Arabs know this? He said: Yes, in this poetry of Tarafah bin al-Abd: is it from the remembrance of Layla, when she went to live far away, that I count myself deprived of sleep and wasted away (harid)? He said: You have spoken the truth.
He asked: In the saying of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic: "While you are heedless (samidun)" [Surah al-Najm: 61], what is samidun? He said: Occupied in amusement, heedless. He asked: Did the Arabs know this? He said: Yes, in this poetry of Huzaylah bint Bakr, who says while weeping over the people of Ad: Ad sent Luqaym and Sa'd came fleeing; it was said: Get up and look at them, then give up your heedlessness (sumud). He said: You have spoken the truth.
He asked about the saying of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic: "When it becomes full (ittasaq)" [Surah al-Inshiqaq: 18]. He said: When it comes together (becomes complete). He asked: Did the Arabs know this? He said: Yes, in this poetry of Abu Sirmah al-Ansari: we have lean she-camels gathered together (mustawsiqat); if only they could find someone to drive them. He said: You have spoken the truth.
He asked about the saying of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic: "Allah, the One (Ahad)", "the Self-Sufficient Master (al-Samad)" [Surah al-Ikhlas: 2]: Ahad we already know, so what is al-Samad? He said: The One to whom recourse is made in all matters. He asked: Did the Arabs know this? He said: Yes, in this poetry of a woman of Banu Asad: early in the morning the bearer of death-news came with the news of the death of the two best of Banu Asad, Amr bin Mas'ud and the chief, al-samad. He said: You have spoken the truth.
He asked: In the saying of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic: "He will meet a penalty (athama)" [Surah al-Furqan: 68], what is atham? He said: Recompense, penalty. He asked: Did the Arabs know this? He said: Yes, in this poetry of Bishr bin Abi Hazim al-Asadi: our standing is that we invoke curses upon them in the valley of Dhu al-Majaz; there will be a penalty (atham) for it. He said: You have spoken the truth.
He asked: In the saying of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic: "And he is filled with grief (kazim)" [Surah al-Nahl: 58], what is kazim? He said: Silent. He asked: Did the Arabs know this? He said: Yes, in this poetry of Zuhayr bin Jadhimah al-Absi: if you sit suppressing your grief (kazim) over the death of Shas, then today I will let loose my tongue. He said: You have spoken the truth.
He asked about the saying of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic: "Or do you hear from them any faint sound (rikz)?" [Surah Maryam: 98]. He said: Any proper sound. He asked: Did the Arabs know this? He said: Yes, in this poetry of Khidash bin Zuhayr: if you hear of a rope suddenly descending, or of the inner affairs of a people, then conceal that faint sound (rikz) and keep it secret. He said: You have spoken the truth.
He asked about the saying of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic: "When you were killing them (tahussunahum) by His permission" [Surah Al Imran: 152]. He said: That is, when you were killing them by His permission. He asked: Did the Arabs know this? He said: Yes, in this poetry of Utbah al-Laythi: we cut them down (nahussuhum) with swords until it is as though we were splitting their skulls like colocynth gourds. He said: You have spoken the truth.
He asked about the saying of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic: "O Prophet! When you divorce women" [Surah al-Talaq: 1]; he asked: Was there divorce in the Days of Ignorance (Jahiliyyah)? He said: Yes, the complete, irrevocable (ba'in) divorce of three pronouncements. Have you not heard the incident of al-A'sha of Banu Qays bin Tha'labah, when his in-laws, the tribe of Anazah, seized him and said to him: You have harmed our woman, and we swear by Allah that we will not lift the stick from you until you divorce her. When he saw their seriousness and that they intended to treat him badly, he said: O neighbour (wife)! Be separated, for you are divorced; thus do people's affairs come and go. They said: By Allah! You must divorce her clearly, or we will not lift the stick from you. He said: Then be separated, chaste and blameless, and none among us loves as you love. They said again: By Allah! You must make the divorce clear, or we will not lift the stick from you. He said: Then be separated, for separation is better than the stick; otherwise a sword will keep flashing over your head. So he separated from her with three divorces.
