المطالب العالية بزوائد المسانيد الثمانية
Al-Matalib al-'Aliyah
كتاب الفتوح
Book of Conquests
بَابُ جَوَازِ تَرْكِ النَّهْيِ عَنْ المنكر لِمَنْ لَا يطيق
The permissibility of not forbidding evil for one who is unable
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قَالَ الْحَارِثُ : حَدَّثَنَا الْخَلِيلُ بْنُ زَكَرِيَّا ، ثَنَا حَبِيبُ بْنُ الشَّهِيدِ ، ثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ ، قَالَ : قَامَ إِلَيْهِ رَجُلٌ ، فَقَالَ : يَا أَبَا سَعِيدٍ إِنَّ الْحَجَّاجَ قَدْ أَخَّرَ الصَّلَاةَ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ حَتَّى قَرُبْنَا مِنَ الْعَصْرِ ، فَقُمْ إِلَيْهِ ، وَأْمُرْهُ بِتَقْوَى اللهِ تَعَالَى ، قَالَ الْحَسَنُ : إِذًا يَقْتُلَنِي ، فَقَالَ لَهُ الرَّجُلُ : أَلَيْسَ قَالَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ : كَانُوا لا يَتَنَاهَوْنَ عَنْ مُنْكَرٍ فَعَلُوهُ ، الْآيَةَ ، قَالَ الْحَسَنُ : حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو بَكْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، قَالَ : لَيْسَ لِلْمُؤْمِنِ أَنْ يُذِلَّ نَفْسَهُ ، قَالُوا : وَكَيْفَ يُذِلُّهَا يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ ؟ قَالَ : يَتَكَلَّفُ مِنَ الْبَلَاءِ مَا لَا يُطِيقُ .
رُوَاتُهُ ثِقَاتٌ إِلَّا الْخَلِيلَ ، وَهُوَ عِنْدَ أَبِي يَعْلَى فِي قِصَّةٍ طَوِيلَةٍ مِنْ طَرِيقِ الْمُعَلَّى بْنِ زِيَادٍ الْقُرْدُوسِيِّ ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ الْبَصْرِيِّ ، أَنَّهُ حَدَّثَ بِحَدِيثَيْنِ : أَحَدُهُمَا : عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ ، وَالثَّانِي قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَذَكَرَ هُنَا الْمَتْنَ .
رُوَاتُهُ ثِقَاتٌ إِلَّا الْخَلِيلَ ، وَهُوَ عِنْدَ أَبِي يَعْلَى فِي قِصَّةٍ طَوِيلَةٍ مِنْ طَرِيقِ الْمُعَلَّى بْنِ زِيَادٍ الْقُرْدُوسِيِّ ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ الْبَصْرِيِّ ، أَنَّهُ حَدَّثَ بِحَدِيثَيْنِ : أَحَدُهُمَا : عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ ، وَالثَّانِي قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَذَكَرَ هُنَا الْمَتْنَ .
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Bakrah (may Allah be pleased with him), as Imam al-Hasan al-Basri (may Allah have mercy on him) relates, that a man came to him and said: "O Abu Sa'id! Al-Hajjaj bin Yusuf has delayed the Friday prayer so much that we have come very close to the time of Asr; so stand before him and command him to have taqwa and fear of Allah Almighty." Imam al-Hasan al-Basri (may Allah have mercy on him) replied: "In that case he will kill me." The man said (arguing): "Has Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, not said: 'They used not to forbid one another from the evil they did. How evil indeed was what they used to do!' [Surah al-Ma'idah: 79]?" Imam al-Hasan al-Basri (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Sayyiduna Abu Bakrah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated to me that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "It is not permissible for a believer to humiliate himself." The Companions said: "O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! How does he humiliate himself?" He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "He takes upon himself a trial or affliction that he cannot bear."
The narrators of this narration are thiqat (trustworthy) except al-Khalil bin Zakariyya. This same narration is found with Imam Abu Ya'la in the form of a long story through al-Mu'alla bin Ziyad al-Qurdusi from al-Hasan al-Basri, in which he narrated two hadith: the first from Sayyiduna Abu Sa'id al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him), and in the second he mentioned this above-quoted saying of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him).
The narrators of this narration are thiqat (trustworthy) except al-Khalil bin Zakariyya. This same narration is found with Imam Abu Ya'la in the form of a long story through al-Mu'alla bin Ziyad al-Qurdusi from al-Hasan al-Basri, in which he narrated two hadith: the first from Sayyiduna Abu Sa'id al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him), and in the second he mentioned this above-quoted saying of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him).
وَقَالَ أَبُو يَعْلَى : حَدَّثَنَا قَطَنُ بْنُ نُسَيْرٍ ، ثَنَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ ، ثَنَا الْمُعَلَّى بْنُ زِيَادٍ ، قَالَ لَمَّا هَزَمَ يَزِيدُ بْنُ الْمُهَلَّبِ أَهْلَ الْبَصْرَةِ ، خَشِيتُ أَنْ أَجْلِسَ فِي حَلْقَةِ الْحَسَنِ ، فَأُوجَدَ فِيهَا فَأُعْرَفَ ، فَأَتَيْتُ الْحَسَنَ فِي مَنْزِلِهِ ، فَدَخَلْتُ عَلَيْهِ ، فَقُلْتُ : يَا أَبَا سَعِيدٍ ، كَيْفَ بِهَذِهِ الْآيَةِ ؟ قَالَ : أَيَّةُ آيَةٍ ؟ قَالَ : قُلْتُ : قَوْلُهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ : كَانُوا لا يَتَنَاهَوْنَ عَنْ مُنْكَرٍ فَعَلُوهُ ، الْآيَةَ ، قَالَ : يَا عَبْدَ اللهِ ، إِنَّ الْقَوْمَ عَرَضُوا السَّيْفَ فَحَالَ السَّيْفُ دُونَ الْكَلَامِ ، فَقُلْتُ : يَا أَبَا سَعِيدٍ ، فَهَلْ تَعْرِفُ لِمُتَكَلِّمٍ فَضْلًا ؟ قَالَ : لَا ، قَالَ الْمُعَلَّى : ثُمَّ حَدَّثَ بِحَدِيثَيْنِ ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، قَالَ : لَا يَمْنَعَنَّ أَحَدَكُمْ رَهْبَةُ النَّاسِ أَنْ يَقُولَ بِالْحَقِّ إِذَا رَآهُ ، فَإِنَّهُ لَا يُقَرِّبُ مِنْ أَجَلٍ ، وَلَا يُبْعِدُ مِنْ رِزْقٍ .
قَالَ : ثُمَّ حَدَّثَ الْحَسَنُ بِحَدِيثٍ آخَرَ قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : لَيْسَ لِلْمُؤْمِنِ أَنْ يُذِلَّ نَفْسَهُ ، قِيلَ : وَمَا إِذْلَالُهُ نَفْسَهُ ؟ قَالَ : يَتَعَرَّضُ مِنَ الْبَلَاءِ لِمَا لَا يُطِيقُ ، قِيلَ : يَا أَبَا سَعِيدٍ فَيَزِيدُ الضَّبِّيُّ فِي كَلَامِهِ فِي الصَّلَاةِ ؟ قَالَ : أَمَا إِنَّهُ لَمْ يَخْرُجْ مِنَ السِّجْنِ حَتَّى نَدِمَ ، قَالَ الْمُعَلَّى : فَأَقُومُ مِنْ مَجْلِسِ الْحَسَنِ ، فَأَتَيْتُ يَزِيدَ الضَّبِّيَّ ، فَقُلْتُ : يَا أَبَا مَوْدُودٍ ، بَيْنَمَا أَنَا وَالْحَسَنُ نَتَذَاكَرُ إِذَا نَصَبْتَ أَمْرَكَ نَصْبًا ، فَقَالَ : مَهْ يَا أَبَا الْحَسَنِ قُلْتُ : قَدْ فَعَلْتُ ، قَالَ : فَمَا قَالَ ؟ قَالَ : أَمَا إِنَّهُ لَمْ يَخْرُجْ مِنَ السِّجْنِ حَتَّى نَدِمَ عَلَى مَقَالَتِهِ ، قَالَ يَزِيدُ : مَا نَدِمْتُ عَلَى مَقَالَتِي ، وَايْمُ اللهِ لَقَدْ قُمْتُ مَقَامًا أُخْطِرُ فِيهِ بِنَفْسِي ، قَالَ يَزِيدُ : أَتَيْتُ الْحَسَنَ ، فَقُلْتُ : يَا أَبَا سَعِيدٍ ، عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ نُغْلَبُ ، فَنُغْلَبُ عَلَى صَلَاتِنَا ؟ فَقَالَ : يَا عَبْدَ اللهِ ، إِنَّكَ تُعَرِّضُ بِنَفْسِكَ لَهُمْ ، ثُمَّ إِنَّكَ لَا تَصْنَعُ شَيْئًا ، قَالَ : ثُمَّ أَتَيْتُهُ فَقَالَ لِي مِثْلَ مَقَالَتِهِ ، فَقُمْتُ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ وَالْحَكَمُ بْنُ أَيُّوبَ يَخْطُبُ ، فَقُلْتُ : الصَّلَاةَ رَحِمَكَ اللهُ ، فَلَمَّا قُلْتُ ذَلِكَ احْتَوَشَنِي الرِّجَالُ ، فَأَخَذُوا بِلِحْيَتِي ، وَرَأْسِي ، وَتَلْبِيَتِي ، وَجَعَلُوا يَجِئُونَ بَطْنِي بِنِعَالِ سُيُوفِهِمْ ، وَمَضَوْا بِي إِلَى نَحْوِ الْمَقْصُورَةِ ، فَدَخَلْتُ ، فَقُمْتُ بَيْنَ الْحَكَمِ وَهُوَ سَاكِتٌ ، فَقَالَ : أَمَجْنُونٌ أَنْتَ ؟ أَوَمَا كُنَّا فِي صَلَاةٍ ؟ فَقُلْتُ : أَصْلَحَ اللهُ الْأَمِيرَ هَلْ مِنْ كَلَامٍ أَفْضَلَ مِنْ كِتَابِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ ؟ قَالَ : لَا ، قُلْتُ : أَرَأَيْتَ لَوْ أَنَّ رَجُلًا نَشَرَ مُصْحَفًا يَقْرَؤُهُ غُدْوَةً إِلَى اللَّيْلِ ، أَكَانَ ذَلِكَ قَاضِيًا عَنْهُ صَلَاتَهُ ؟ قَالَ : وَاللهِ إِنِّي لَأَحْسَبُكَ مَجْنُونًا ، قَالَ : وَأَنَسُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ جَالِسٌ تَحْتَ مِنْبَرِهِ سَاكِتٌ ، فَقُلْتُ : يَا أَنَسُ ! ، يَا أَبَا حَمْزَةَ ، أَنْشُدُكَ اللهَ تَعَالَى فَقَدْ خَدَمْتَ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَصَحِبْتَهُ ، أَبِمَعْرُوفٍ قُلْتُ أَمْ بِمُنْكَرٍ ؟ أَبِحَقٍّ قُلْتُ أَمْ بِبَاطِلٍ ؟ قَالَ : فَلَا وَاللهِ مَا أَجَابَنِي بِكَلِمَةٍ ، فَقَالَ لَهُ الْحَكَمُ بْنُ أَيُّوبَ : يَا أَنَسُ ، قَالَ : لَبَّيْكَ ، أَصْلَحَكَ اللهُ ، قَالَ : أَكَانَ وَقْتُ الصَّلَاةِ قَدْ ذَهَبَ ؟ قَالَ : بَلْ بَقِيَ بَقِيَّةٌ ، فَقَالَ الْحَكَمُ : احْبِسُوهُ .
قَالَ يَزِيدُ : فَأُقْسِمُ لَكَ يَا أَبَا الْحَسَنِ ، لَمَا لَقِيتُ مِنْ أَصْحَابِي كَانَ أَشَدَّ عَلَيَّ مِمَّا لَقِيتُ مِنَ الْحَكَمِ ، قَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ : مُرَائِي ، وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ : مَجْنُونٌ ، قَالَ : وَكَتَبَ الْحَكَمُ إِلَى الْحَجَّاجِ أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنْ بَنِي ضَبَّةَ قَامَ إِلَيَّ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ وَأَنَا أَخْطُبُ ، فَقَالَ : الصَّلَاةَ ، وَقَدْ شَهِدَ عِنْدِي الْعُدُولُ أَنَّهُ مَجْنُونٌ ، فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ الْحَجَّاجُ ، إِنْ شَهِدَ الشُّهُودُ الْعُدُولُ أَنَّهُ مَجْنُونٌ فَخَلِّ سَبِيلَهُ ، وَإِلَّا فَاقْطَعْ يَدَيْهِ وَرِجْلَيْهِ ، وَسَمِّرْ عَيْنَيْهِ ، وَاصْلُبْهُ ، قَالَ : فَشَهِدُوا عِنْدَ الْحَكَمِ أَنِّي مَجْنُونٌ ، فَخَلَّى عَنِّي .
قَالَ الْمُعَلَّى : عَنْ يَزِيدَ الضَّبِّيِّ ، ثُمَّ مَاتَ أَخٌ لَنَا فَتَبِعْنَا جِنَازَتَهُ ، فَصَلَّيْنَا عَلَيْهِ ، فَلَمَّا دُفِنَ تَنَحَّيْتُ فِي عِصَابَةٍ ، فَذَكَرْنَا اللهَ تَعَالَى عَزَّ وَجَلَّ ، وَذَكَرْنَا مَعَادَنَا ، فَإِنَّا لَكَذَلِكَ إِذْ رَأَيْنَا نَوَاصِيَ الْخَيْلِ وَالْحِرَابَ ، فَلَمَّا رَآهُ أَصْحَابِي تَفَرَّقُوا وَتَرَكُونِي وَحْدِي ، فَجَاءَ الْحَكَمُ حَتَّى وَقَفَ عَلَيَّ ، فَقَالَ : مَا كُنْتُمْ تَصْنَعُونَ ؟ قُلْتُ : أَصْلَحَ اللهُ الْأَمِيرَ ، مَاتَ صَاحِبٌ لَنَا ، فَصَلَّيْنَا عَلَيْهِ وَدَفَنَّاهُ وَقَعَدْنَا نَذْكُرُ رَبَّنَا ، وَنَذْكُرُ مَعَادَنَا ، وَنَذْكُرُ مَا صَارَ إِلَيْهِ ، قَالَ : مَا مَنَعَكَ أَنْ تَفِرَّ كَمَا فَرُّوا ؟ قُلْتُ : أَصْلَحَكَ اللهُ ، أَنَا أَبْرَأُ سَاحَةً مِنْ ذَلِكَ ، أَوَمِنَ الْأَمِيرِ أَفِرُّ ؟ فَسَكَتَ الْحَكَمُ ، فَقَالَ لَهُ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ الْمُهَلَّبِ - كَانَ عَلَى شُرْطَتِهِ - : أَتَدْرِي مَنْ هَذَا ؟ قَالَ : لَا ، قَالَ : هَذَا الْمُتَكَلِّمُ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ ، قَالَ : فَغَضِبَ الْحَكَمُ ، وَقَالَ : أَمَا إِنَّكَ لَجَرِيءٌ ، خُذْهُ ، فَأُخِذْتُ ، فَضَرَبَنِي أَرْبَعَمِائَةِ سَوْطٍ ، فَمَا دَرَيْتُ مَتَى تَرَكَنِي مِنْ شِدَّةِ مَا ضَرَبَنِي ، قَالَ : وَبَعَثَ بِي إِلَى وَاسِطَ ، فَكُنْتُ فِي دِيمَاسِ الْحَجَّاجِ حَتَّى مَاتَ الْحَجَّاجُ .
وَقَدْ أَخْرَجَ التِّرْمِذِيُّ ، وَغَيْرُهُ مِنْ طَرِيقِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ زَيْدٍ ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ الْبَصْرِيِّ ، عَنْ جُنْدُبِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْبَجَلِيِّ ، عَنْ حُذَيْفَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ ، نَحْوَ حَدِيثِ الْحَسَنِ ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ ، وَهُوَ أَشْبَهُ بِالصَّوَابِ ، وَعَلِيُّ بْنُ زَيْدٍ أَصْلَحُ حَالًا مِنَ الْخَلِيلِ بْنِ زَكَرِيَّا ، وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ .
قَالَ : ثُمَّ حَدَّثَ الْحَسَنُ بِحَدِيثٍ آخَرَ قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : لَيْسَ لِلْمُؤْمِنِ أَنْ يُذِلَّ نَفْسَهُ ، قِيلَ : وَمَا إِذْلَالُهُ نَفْسَهُ ؟ قَالَ : يَتَعَرَّضُ مِنَ الْبَلَاءِ لِمَا لَا يُطِيقُ ، قِيلَ : يَا أَبَا سَعِيدٍ فَيَزِيدُ الضَّبِّيُّ فِي كَلَامِهِ فِي الصَّلَاةِ ؟ قَالَ : أَمَا إِنَّهُ لَمْ يَخْرُجْ مِنَ السِّجْنِ حَتَّى نَدِمَ ، قَالَ الْمُعَلَّى : فَأَقُومُ مِنْ مَجْلِسِ الْحَسَنِ ، فَأَتَيْتُ يَزِيدَ الضَّبِّيَّ ، فَقُلْتُ : يَا أَبَا مَوْدُودٍ ، بَيْنَمَا أَنَا وَالْحَسَنُ نَتَذَاكَرُ إِذَا نَصَبْتَ أَمْرَكَ نَصْبًا ، فَقَالَ : مَهْ يَا أَبَا الْحَسَنِ قُلْتُ : قَدْ فَعَلْتُ ، قَالَ : فَمَا قَالَ ؟ قَالَ : أَمَا إِنَّهُ لَمْ يَخْرُجْ مِنَ السِّجْنِ حَتَّى نَدِمَ عَلَى مَقَالَتِهِ ، قَالَ يَزِيدُ : مَا نَدِمْتُ عَلَى مَقَالَتِي ، وَايْمُ اللهِ لَقَدْ قُمْتُ مَقَامًا أُخْطِرُ فِيهِ بِنَفْسِي ، قَالَ يَزِيدُ : أَتَيْتُ الْحَسَنَ ، فَقُلْتُ : يَا أَبَا سَعِيدٍ ، عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ نُغْلَبُ ، فَنُغْلَبُ عَلَى صَلَاتِنَا ؟ فَقَالَ : يَا عَبْدَ اللهِ ، إِنَّكَ تُعَرِّضُ بِنَفْسِكَ لَهُمْ ، ثُمَّ إِنَّكَ لَا تَصْنَعُ شَيْئًا ، قَالَ : ثُمَّ أَتَيْتُهُ فَقَالَ لِي مِثْلَ مَقَالَتِهِ ، فَقُمْتُ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ وَالْحَكَمُ بْنُ أَيُّوبَ يَخْطُبُ ، فَقُلْتُ : الصَّلَاةَ رَحِمَكَ اللهُ ، فَلَمَّا قُلْتُ ذَلِكَ احْتَوَشَنِي الرِّجَالُ ، فَأَخَذُوا بِلِحْيَتِي ، وَرَأْسِي ، وَتَلْبِيَتِي ، وَجَعَلُوا يَجِئُونَ بَطْنِي بِنِعَالِ سُيُوفِهِمْ ، وَمَضَوْا بِي إِلَى نَحْوِ الْمَقْصُورَةِ ، فَدَخَلْتُ ، فَقُمْتُ بَيْنَ الْحَكَمِ وَهُوَ سَاكِتٌ ، فَقَالَ : أَمَجْنُونٌ أَنْتَ ؟ أَوَمَا كُنَّا فِي صَلَاةٍ ؟ فَقُلْتُ : أَصْلَحَ اللهُ الْأَمِيرَ هَلْ مِنْ كَلَامٍ أَفْضَلَ مِنْ كِتَابِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ ؟ قَالَ : لَا ، قُلْتُ : أَرَأَيْتَ لَوْ أَنَّ رَجُلًا نَشَرَ مُصْحَفًا يَقْرَؤُهُ غُدْوَةً إِلَى اللَّيْلِ ، أَكَانَ ذَلِكَ قَاضِيًا عَنْهُ صَلَاتَهُ ؟ قَالَ : وَاللهِ إِنِّي لَأَحْسَبُكَ مَجْنُونًا ، قَالَ : وَأَنَسُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ جَالِسٌ تَحْتَ مِنْبَرِهِ سَاكِتٌ ، فَقُلْتُ : يَا أَنَسُ ! ، يَا أَبَا حَمْزَةَ ، أَنْشُدُكَ اللهَ تَعَالَى فَقَدْ خَدَمْتَ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَصَحِبْتَهُ ، أَبِمَعْرُوفٍ قُلْتُ أَمْ بِمُنْكَرٍ ؟ أَبِحَقٍّ قُلْتُ أَمْ بِبَاطِلٍ ؟ قَالَ : فَلَا وَاللهِ مَا أَجَابَنِي بِكَلِمَةٍ ، فَقَالَ لَهُ الْحَكَمُ بْنُ أَيُّوبَ : يَا أَنَسُ ، قَالَ : لَبَّيْكَ ، أَصْلَحَكَ اللهُ ، قَالَ : أَكَانَ وَقْتُ الصَّلَاةِ قَدْ ذَهَبَ ؟ قَالَ : بَلْ بَقِيَ بَقِيَّةٌ ، فَقَالَ الْحَكَمُ : احْبِسُوهُ .
قَالَ يَزِيدُ : فَأُقْسِمُ لَكَ يَا أَبَا الْحَسَنِ ، لَمَا لَقِيتُ مِنْ أَصْحَابِي كَانَ أَشَدَّ عَلَيَّ مِمَّا لَقِيتُ مِنَ الْحَكَمِ ، قَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ : مُرَائِي ، وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ : مَجْنُونٌ ، قَالَ : وَكَتَبَ الْحَكَمُ إِلَى الْحَجَّاجِ أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنْ بَنِي ضَبَّةَ قَامَ إِلَيَّ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ وَأَنَا أَخْطُبُ ، فَقَالَ : الصَّلَاةَ ، وَقَدْ شَهِدَ عِنْدِي الْعُدُولُ أَنَّهُ مَجْنُونٌ ، فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ الْحَجَّاجُ ، إِنْ شَهِدَ الشُّهُودُ الْعُدُولُ أَنَّهُ مَجْنُونٌ فَخَلِّ سَبِيلَهُ ، وَإِلَّا فَاقْطَعْ يَدَيْهِ وَرِجْلَيْهِ ، وَسَمِّرْ عَيْنَيْهِ ، وَاصْلُبْهُ ، قَالَ : فَشَهِدُوا عِنْدَ الْحَكَمِ أَنِّي مَجْنُونٌ ، فَخَلَّى عَنِّي .
قَالَ الْمُعَلَّى : عَنْ يَزِيدَ الضَّبِّيِّ ، ثُمَّ مَاتَ أَخٌ لَنَا فَتَبِعْنَا جِنَازَتَهُ ، فَصَلَّيْنَا عَلَيْهِ ، فَلَمَّا دُفِنَ تَنَحَّيْتُ فِي عِصَابَةٍ ، فَذَكَرْنَا اللهَ تَعَالَى عَزَّ وَجَلَّ ، وَذَكَرْنَا مَعَادَنَا ، فَإِنَّا لَكَذَلِكَ إِذْ رَأَيْنَا نَوَاصِيَ الْخَيْلِ وَالْحِرَابَ ، فَلَمَّا رَآهُ أَصْحَابِي تَفَرَّقُوا وَتَرَكُونِي وَحْدِي ، فَجَاءَ الْحَكَمُ حَتَّى وَقَفَ عَلَيَّ ، فَقَالَ : مَا كُنْتُمْ تَصْنَعُونَ ؟ قُلْتُ : أَصْلَحَ اللهُ الْأَمِيرَ ، مَاتَ صَاحِبٌ لَنَا ، فَصَلَّيْنَا عَلَيْهِ وَدَفَنَّاهُ وَقَعَدْنَا نَذْكُرُ رَبَّنَا ، وَنَذْكُرُ مَعَادَنَا ، وَنَذْكُرُ مَا صَارَ إِلَيْهِ ، قَالَ : مَا مَنَعَكَ أَنْ تَفِرَّ كَمَا فَرُّوا ؟ قُلْتُ : أَصْلَحَكَ اللهُ ، أَنَا أَبْرَأُ سَاحَةً مِنْ ذَلِكَ ، أَوَمِنَ الْأَمِيرِ أَفِرُّ ؟ فَسَكَتَ الْحَكَمُ ، فَقَالَ لَهُ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ الْمُهَلَّبِ - كَانَ عَلَى شُرْطَتِهِ - : أَتَدْرِي مَنْ هَذَا ؟ قَالَ : لَا ، قَالَ : هَذَا الْمُتَكَلِّمُ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ ، قَالَ : فَغَضِبَ الْحَكَمُ ، وَقَالَ : أَمَا إِنَّكَ لَجَرِيءٌ ، خُذْهُ ، فَأُخِذْتُ ، فَضَرَبَنِي أَرْبَعَمِائَةِ سَوْطٍ ، فَمَا دَرَيْتُ مَتَى تَرَكَنِي مِنْ شِدَّةِ مَا ضَرَبَنِي ، قَالَ : وَبَعَثَ بِي إِلَى وَاسِطَ ، فَكُنْتُ فِي دِيمَاسِ الْحَجَّاجِ حَتَّى مَاتَ الْحَجَّاجُ .
وَقَدْ أَخْرَجَ التِّرْمِذِيُّ ، وَغَيْرُهُ مِنْ طَرِيقِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ زَيْدٍ ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ الْبَصْرِيِّ ، عَنْ جُنْدُبِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْبَجَلِيِّ ، عَنْ حُذَيْفَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ ، نَحْوَ حَدِيثِ الْحَسَنِ ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ ، وَهُوَ أَشْبَهُ بِالصَّوَابِ ، وَعَلِيُّ بْنُ زَيْدٍ أَصْلَحُ حَالًا مِنَ الْخَلِيلِ بْنِ زَكَرِيَّا ، وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ .
Al-Mu'alla bin Ziyad relates that when Yazid bin al-Muhallab defeated the people of Basrah, I feared that if I sat in the study circle of Imam al-Hasan al-Basri (may Allah have mercy on him), I would be recognised (in the eyes of the rulers) because of being found there. So I went to al-Hasan al-Basri (may Allah have mercy on him) at his house and said: "O Abu Sa'id! What do you say about this verse?" He asked: "Which verse?" I said: The saying of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic: "They used not to forbid one another from the evil they did. How evil indeed was what they used to do!" [Surah al-Ma'idah: 79]. He said: "O servant of Allah! These people (the rulers) have drawn their swords, and now the sword has come between (us and) speech (that is, forbidding with the tongue is now deadly)." I asked: "O Abu Sa'id! Do you know of any merit for the one who speaks the truth?" He said: "No (in this age of trials)." Al-Mu'alla said: Then he narrated two hadith. Imam al-Hasan al-Basri (may Allah have mercy on him) narrated (through Sayyiduna Abu Sa'id, may Allah be pleased with him) from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) that he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Let not fear of people prevent any of you from speaking the truth when he sees it (happening), for speaking the truth neither brings death nearer nor keeps provision away."
Then al-Hasan al-Basri (may Allah have mercy on him) narrated another hadith, that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "It is not proper for a believer to humiliate himself." It was asked: "What is his humiliating himself?" He said: "That he exposes himself to a trial and affliction which he does not have the strength to bear." It was said: "O Abu Sa'id! What of Yazid al-Dabbi's speaking (to rebuke the ruler) during the prayer?" He said: "Listen! He did not come out of prison until he had regretted (this act of his)." Al-Mu'alla said: I got up from the gathering of al-Hasan al-Basri (may Allah have mercy on him), came to Yazid al-Dabbi and said: "O Abu Mawdud! Al-Hasan al-Basri and I were discussing you, about when you raised your matter with full force (that is, rebuked the ruler in public)." He said: "O Abu al-Hasan! Wait (tell me), what happened?" I said: "I have (mentioned you to him)." He asked: "What did he say?" I told him: "He said that you came out of prison only after regretting it." Yazid said: "I have felt no regret for what I said; and by Allah! I took a stand in which I staked my life." Yazid related: (First) I went to al-Hasan al-Basri (may Allah have mercy on him) and said: "O Abu Sa'id! Are we to be overpowered in everything, even to the point of being overpowered in our prayers? (That is, are we to remain silent even when the rulers delay the prayer?)" He said: "O servant of Allah! You are offering yourself to them (for destruction), while you (alone) cannot change anything." Yazid said: Then I went to him again and he repeated the same thing. Then on Friday I stood up in the mosque while al-Hakam bin Ayyub was delivering the sermon, and I called out: "Al-salata rahimaka Allah" (The prayer! May Allah have mercy on you). When I said this, the people fell upon me; they seized the hair of my beard and my head, twisted my collar, began jabbing my stomach with the lower ends of the scabbards of their swords, and took me towards the royal enclosure (maqsurah). I stood before al-Hakam while he was silent. He asked: "Are you mad? Were we not in the prayer (that is, is the sermon not part of the prayer)?" I said: "May Allah set the governor right! Is there any speech more excellent than the Book of Allah?" He said: "No." I said: "Then tell me: if a man were to open the Qur'an and keep reciting it from morning till evening, would this recitation discharge the obligation of his prayer from him?" He said: "By Allah! I consider you nothing but mad." Yazid said: Sayyiduna Anas bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) was sitting silently beneath his pulpit, so I called out: "O Anas! O Abu Hamzah! I adjure you by Allah Almighty; you served the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and kept his company. (Tell me,) did I say something good or something evil? Did I speak the truth or falsehood?" By Allah! He did not answer me with a single word. Then al-Hakam bin Ayyub asked him: "O Anas!" He replied: "Labbayka, aslahaka Allah" (Here I am; may Allah set you right). He asked: "Had the time of the prayer passed?" He said: "Rather, some time remained." Al-Hakam ordered: "Imprison him."
Yazid said: O Abu al-Hasan! I swear by Allah that the pain I received from what my companions said was greater than what I received from (the oppression of) al-Hakam. One of them would say, "He is a show-off," and another would say, "He is mad." Then al-Hakam wrote to al-Hajjaj bin Yusuf that a man of Banu Dabbah stood up on Friday while I was delivering the sermon and cried out "The prayer!", and reliable witnesses have testified before me that he is mad. Al-Hajjaj wrote in reply: "If reliable witnesses testify that he is mad, then release him; otherwise cut off his hands and feet, pass red-hot needles over his eyes and crucify him." Yazid said: Then the witnesses testified before al-Hakam that I was mad, so he released me.
Al-Mu'alla narrates from Yazid al-Dabbi: Then a brother of ours died, so we followed his funeral and offered his funeral prayer. When he had been buried, I moved aside with a group, and we began to remember Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, and to remember our Hereafter. While we were in that state, we suddenly saw the forelocks of horses and spears. When my companions saw this, they scattered and left me alone, until al-Hakam bin Ayyub came and stood over me and asked: "What were you people doing?" I said: "May Allah set the governor right! A companion of ours had died; we offered his funeral prayer, buried him, and then sat remembering our Lord and reflecting on our Hereafter, and thinking about the state he has reached." He asked: "What prevented you from fleeing as your companions fled?" I said: "May Allah set you right! My record is clear of that; should I flee from the governor?" Al-Hakam fell silent. Then Abd al-Malik bin al-Muhallab, who was his chief of police, said to him: "Do you know who this is?" He said: "No." Abd al-Malik said: "This is the one who spoke on Friday." Yazid said: On hearing this, al-Hakam became angry and said: "So, you are very bold! Seize him." I was seized, and he had me given four hundred lashes; because of the severity of the beating I did not even know when he left me. Then he sent me to Wasit, and I remained in al-Hajjaj's dark underground prison (the Dimas) until al-Hajjaj died.
Imam al-Tirmidhi and other hadith scholars narrated this narration through Ali bin Zayd from al-Hasan al-Basri, from Jundub bin Abdullah al-Bajali, from Sayyiduna Hudhayfah (may Allah be pleased with him), which resembles al-Hasan al-Basri's narration from Sayyiduna Abu Bakrah (may Allah be pleased with him), and it appears to be the correct one; and Ali bin Zayd is in a better state than al-Khalil bin Zakariyya. And Allah knows best.
Then al-Hasan al-Basri (may Allah have mercy on him) narrated another hadith, that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "It is not proper for a believer to humiliate himself." It was asked: "What is his humiliating himself?" He said: "That he exposes himself to a trial and affliction which he does not have the strength to bear." It was said: "O Abu Sa'id! What of Yazid al-Dabbi's speaking (to rebuke the ruler) during the prayer?" He said: "Listen! He did not come out of prison until he had regretted (this act of his)." Al-Mu'alla said: I got up from the gathering of al-Hasan al-Basri (may Allah have mercy on him), came to Yazid al-Dabbi and said: "O Abu Mawdud! Al-Hasan al-Basri and I were discussing you, about when you raised your matter with full force (that is, rebuked the ruler in public)." He said: "O Abu al-Hasan! Wait (tell me), what happened?" I said: "I have (mentioned you to him)." He asked: "What did he say?" I told him: "He said that you came out of prison only after regretting it." Yazid said: "I have felt no regret for what I said; and by Allah! I took a stand in which I staked my life." Yazid related: (First) I went to al-Hasan al-Basri (may Allah have mercy on him) and said: "O Abu Sa'id! Are we to be overpowered in everything, even to the point of being overpowered in our prayers? (That is, are we to remain silent even when the rulers delay the prayer?)" He said: "O servant of Allah! You are offering yourself to them (for destruction), while you (alone) cannot change anything." Yazid said: Then I went to him again and he repeated the same thing. Then on Friday I stood up in the mosque while al-Hakam bin Ayyub was delivering the sermon, and I called out: "Al-salata rahimaka Allah" (The prayer! May Allah have mercy on you). When I said this, the people fell upon me; they seized the hair of my beard and my head, twisted my collar, began jabbing my stomach with the lower ends of the scabbards of their swords, and took me towards the royal enclosure (maqsurah). I stood before al-Hakam while he was silent. He asked: "Are you mad? Were we not in the prayer (that is, is the sermon not part of the prayer)?" I said: "May Allah set the governor right! Is there any speech more excellent than the Book of Allah?" He said: "No." I said: "Then tell me: if a man were to open the Qur'an and keep reciting it from morning till evening, would this recitation discharge the obligation of his prayer from him?" He said: "By Allah! I consider you nothing but mad." Yazid said: Sayyiduna Anas bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) was sitting silently beneath his pulpit, so I called out: "O Anas! O Abu Hamzah! I adjure you by Allah Almighty; you served the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and kept his company. (Tell me,) did I say something good or something evil? Did I speak the truth or falsehood?" By Allah! He did not answer me with a single word. Then al-Hakam bin Ayyub asked him: "O Anas!" He replied: "Labbayka, aslahaka Allah" (Here I am; may Allah set you right). He asked: "Had the time of the prayer passed?" He said: "Rather, some time remained." Al-Hakam ordered: "Imprison him."
Yazid said: O Abu al-Hasan! I swear by Allah that the pain I received from what my companions said was greater than what I received from (the oppression of) al-Hakam. One of them would say, "He is a show-off," and another would say, "He is mad." Then al-Hakam wrote to al-Hajjaj bin Yusuf that a man of Banu Dabbah stood up on Friday while I was delivering the sermon and cried out "The prayer!", and reliable witnesses have testified before me that he is mad. Al-Hajjaj wrote in reply: "If reliable witnesses testify that he is mad, then release him; otherwise cut off his hands and feet, pass red-hot needles over his eyes and crucify him." Yazid said: Then the witnesses testified before al-Hakam that I was mad, so he released me.
Al-Mu'alla narrates from Yazid al-Dabbi: Then a brother of ours died, so we followed his funeral and offered his funeral prayer. When he had been buried, I moved aside with a group, and we began to remember Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, and to remember our Hereafter. While we were in that state, we suddenly saw the forelocks of horses and spears. When my companions saw this, they scattered and left me alone, until al-Hakam bin Ayyub came and stood over me and asked: "What were you people doing?" I said: "May Allah set the governor right! A companion of ours had died; we offered his funeral prayer, buried him, and then sat remembering our Lord and reflecting on our Hereafter, and thinking about the state he has reached." He asked: "What prevented you from fleeing as your companions fled?" I said: "May Allah set you right! My record is clear of that; should I flee from the governor?" Al-Hakam fell silent. Then Abd al-Malik bin al-Muhallab, who was his chief of police, said to him: "Do you know who this is?" He said: "No." Abd al-Malik said: "This is the one who spoke on Friday." Yazid said: On hearing this, al-Hakam became angry and said: "So, you are very bold! Seize him." I was seized, and he had me given four hundred lashes; because of the severity of the beating I did not even know when he left me. Then he sent me to Wasit, and I remained in al-Hajjaj's dark underground prison (the Dimas) until al-Hajjaj died.
Imam al-Tirmidhi and other hadith scholars narrated this narration through Ali bin Zayd from al-Hasan al-Basri, from Jundub bin Abdullah al-Bajali, from Sayyiduna Hudhayfah (may Allah be pleased with him), which resembles al-Hasan al-Basri's narration from Sayyiduna Abu Bakrah (may Allah be pleased with him), and it appears to be the correct one; and Ali bin Zayd is in a better state than al-Khalil bin Zakariyya. And Allah knows best.
وَقَالَ أَبُو يَعْلَى : حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْمِقْدَامِ ، ثَنَا عُبَيْدُ بْنُ الْقَاسِمِ ، ثَنَا الْعَلَاءُ بْنُ ثَعْلَبَةَ ، عَنْ أَبِي الْمَلِيحِ الْهُذَلِيِّ ، عَنْ وَاثِلَةَ بْنِ الْأَسْقَعِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ ، قَالَ : رَأَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِمَسْجِدِ الْخَيْفِ ، وَقَالَ لِي أَصْحَابُهُ : إِلَيْكَ يَا وَاثِلَةُ ، أَيْ : تَنَحَّ عَنْ وَجْهِهِ ، فَقَالَ : دَعُوهُ فَإِنَّمَا جَاءَ لِيَسْأَلَ ، فَدَنَوْتُ ، فَقُلْتُ : بِأَبِي أَنْتَ وَأُمِّي يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ ، أَفْتِنَا عَنْ أَمْرٍ نَأْخُذُهُ عَنْكَ مِنْ بَعْدِكَ ، قَالَ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : لِتُفْتِكَ نَفْسُكَ ، قُلْتُ : وَكَيْفَ لِي بِذَلِكَ ؟ قَالَ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : دَعْ مَا يَرِيبُكَ إِلَى مَا لَا يَرِيبُكَ ، وَإِنْ أَفْتَاكَ الْمُفْتُونَ ، قُلْتُ : وَكَيْفَ لِي بِعِلْمِ ذَلِكَ ؟ قَالَ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : تَضَعُ يَدَكَ عَلَى فُؤَادِكَ ، فَإِنَّ الْقَلْبَ يَسْكُنُ إِلَى الْحَلَالِ ، وَلَا يَسْكُنُ لِلْحَرَامِ ، وَإِنَّ وَرَعَ الْمُسْلِمِ أَنْ يَدَعَ الصَّغِيرَ مَخَافَةَ أَنْ يَقَعَ فِي الْكَبِيرِ ، قُلْتُ : فَمَنِ الْحَرِيصُ ؟ قَالَ : الَّذِي يَطْلُبُ الْمَكْسَبَ فِي غَيْرِ حِلِّهَا ، قُلْتُ : فَمَنِ الْوَرِعُ ؟ قَالَ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : الَّذِي يَقِفُ عِنْدَ الشُّبْهَةِ ، قُلْتُ : فَمَنِ الْمُؤْمِنُ ؟ قَالَ : مَنْ أَمِنَهُ النَّاسُ عَلَى أَمْوَالِهِمْ وَدِمَائِهِمْ ، قُلْتُ : فَمَنِ الْمُسْلِمُ ؟ قَالَ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : مَنْ سَلِمَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ مِنْ لِسَانِهِ وَيَدِهِ ، قُلْتُ : فَأَيُّ الْجِهَادِ أَفْضَلُ ؟ قَالَ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : كَلِمَةُ حَقٍّ عِنْدَ إِمَامٍ جَائِرٍ .
الْعَلَاءُ بْنُ ثَعْلَبَةَ ، قَالَ أَبُو حَاتِمٍ : مَجْهُولٌ .
وَلِآخِرِهِ شَاهِدٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي عَبْدَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ ، أَخْرَجَهُ الْبَزَّارُ .
الْعَلَاءُ بْنُ ثَعْلَبَةَ ، قَالَ أَبُو حَاتِمٍ : مَجْهُولٌ .
وَلِآخِرِهِ شَاهِدٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي عَبْدَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ ، أَخْرَجَهُ الْبَزَّارُ .
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Wathilah bin al-Asqa' (may Allah be pleased with him) that he related: I saw the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) in Masjid al-Khayf, and his (peace and blessings be upon him) Companions said to me: "O Wathilah! Move back," meaning, move away from in front of him (peace and blessings be upon him). He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Leave him, for he has come only to ask something." So I came close and said: "O Messenger of Allah! May my father and mother be sacrificed for you; give us a ruling about some comprehensive matter that we may hold firmly to (for our practice) after you." He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Your own soul will give you the ruling." I said: "How can I attain this insight?" He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Leave what puts you in doubt and suspicion, and take up what does not put you in doubt, even if those who give rulings keep giving you rulings (according to their understanding)." I said: "How can I gain knowledge to recognise this?" He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Place your hand on your heart, for the heart finds reassurance and calm in what is lawful and finds no calm in what is unlawful. And the piety and scrupulousness of a Muslim is that he leaves even a small (doubtful) thing for fear of falling into a major sin." I asked: "Who is the greedy one?" He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The one who seeks wealth and goods through impermissible and unlawful means." I asked: "Who is the scrupulous and pious one (the man of wara')?" He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The one who stops at the point of doubt." I asked: "Who is the believer?" He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The one from whom people feel safe and secure regarding their wealth and their lives." I asked: "Who is the Muslim?" He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The one from whose tongue and hand (from whose harm) the other Muslims are safe." I asked: "Which jihad is the most excellent?" He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Speaking a word of truth before an oppressive ruler."
Regarding the narrator in its chain, al-Ala' bin Tha'labah, Imam Abu Hatim (may Allah have mercy on him) said that he is "majhul" (unknown).
For the last part of this hadith there is a supporting report (shahid) from the narration of Sayyiduna Abu Abdah (may Allah be pleased with him), which Imam al-Bazzar (may Allah have mercy on him) recorded in his Musnad.
Regarding the narrator in its chain, al-Ala' bin Tha'labah, Imam Abu Hatim (may Allah have mercy on him) said that he is "majhul" (unknown).
For the last part of this hadith there is a supporting report (shahid) from the narration of Sayyiduna Abu Abdah (may Allah be pleased with him), which Imam al-Bazzar (may Allah have mercy on him) recorded in his Musnad.
