المطالب العالية بزوائد المسانيد الثمانية
Al-Matalib al-'Aliyah
كتاب الفتوح
Book of Conquests
ذِكْرِ فتوح العراق
Mention of the conquests of Iraq
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قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ : حَدَّثَنَا وُهَيْبٌ ، عَنْ دَاوُدَ ، عَنْ أَبِي نَضْرَةَ ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ : قَالَ زَيْدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ : إِنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ نَظَرَ قِبَلَ الْعِرَاقِ ، فَقَالَ : اللَّهُمَّ أَقْبِلْ بِقُلُوبِهِمْ .
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Sa'id al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) that Sayyiduna Zayd bin Thabit (may Allah be pleased with him) stated that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) looked towards the land of Iraq and supplicated: 'Allahumma aqbil bi-qulubihim' (O Allah, turn their hearts (towards the true religion and Your obedience)).
Imam Abu Dawud (may Allah have mercy on him) gave its chain as: Wuhayb, from Dawud, from Abu Nadrah, from Abu Sa'id al-Khudri.
Imam Abu Dawud (may Allah have mercy on him) gave its chain as: Wuhayb, from Dawud, from Abu Nadrah, from Abu Sa'id al-Khudri.
وَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي عُمَرَ : حَدَّثَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ السَّرِيِّ ، ثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ ، عَنْ أَبِي عِمْرَانَ الْجَوْنِيِّ ، عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْمُزَنِيِّ ، عَنْ مَعْقِلِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ ، قَالَ : إِنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ شَاوَرَ الْهُرْمُزَانَ فِي أَصْبَهَانَ وَفَارِسَ وَأَذْرَبِيجَانَ ، بِأَيِّهِمْ يَبْدَأُ بِهَا ؟ فَقَالَ : يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ، إِنَّ أَصْبَهَانَ الرَّأْسُ ، وَفَارِسَ وَأَذْرَبِيجَانَ الْجَنَاحَانِ ، فَإِنْ قَطَعْتَ أَحَدَ الْجَنَاحَيْنِ لَاذَ الرَّأْسُ بِالْجَنَاحِ الْآخَرِ ، وَإِنْ قَطَعْتَ الرَّأْسَ وَقَعَ الْجَنَاحَانِ ، فَابْدَأْ بِأَصْبَهَانَ . قَالَ : وَدَخَلَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ الْمَسْجِدَ ، فَإِذَا هُوَ بِالنُّعْمَانِ بْنِ مُقَرِّنٍ يُصَلِّي ، فَانْتَظَرَهُ حَتَّى قَضَى صَلَاتَهُ ، فَقَالَ : إِنِّي مُسْتَعْمِلُكَ ، فَقَالَ : أَمَّا جَابِيًا فَلَا ، وَلَكِنْ غَازِيًا ، قَالَ : فَإِنَّكَ غَازٍ ، قَالَ : فَسَرَّحَهُ وَكَتَبَ إِلَى أَهْلِ الْكُوفَةِ أَنْ يَلْحَقُوا بِهِ ، وَفِيهِمُ الزُّبَيْرُ بْنُ الْعَوَّامِ ، وَحُذَيْفَةُ بْنُ الْيَمَانِ ، وَعَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عَمْرٍو ، وَالْمُغِيرَةُ بْنُ شُعْبَةَ ، وَالْأَشْعَثُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ ، وَعَمْرُو بْنُ مَعْدِ يَكْرِبَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمْ ، قَالَ : فَأَتَاهُمُ النُّعْمَانُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ وَبَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَهُمْ نَهَرٌ ، فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِمُ الْمُغِيرَةَ بْنَ شُعْبَةَ ، وَمَلِكُهُمْ ذُو الْجَنَاحَيْنِ ، فَاسْتَشَارَ أَصْحَابَهُ ، فَقَالَ : مَا تَرَوْنَ أَقْعُدُ لَهُمْ فِي هَيْئَةِ الْحَرْبِ ، أَمْ أَقْعُدُ لَهُمْ فِي هَيْئَةِ الْمُلْكِ وَبَهْجَتِهِ ؟ قَالُوا : لَا ، بَلِ اقْعُدْ لَهُمْ فِي هَيْئَةِ الْمُلْكِ وَبَهْجَتِهِ .
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Ma'qil bin Yasar (may Allah be pleased with him) that Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) consulted al-Hurmuzan regarding Isfahan, Fars and Azerbaijan: with which of these lands should he begin (the campaign)? Al-Hurmuzan replied: "O Commander of the Believers! Isfahan is like the head, while Fars and Azerbaijan are its two wings. If you cut off one wing, the head will take refuge with the other wing; but if you cut off the head itself, both wings will fall of their own accord. So begin with Isfahan." The narrator says: Then Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) came into the mosque and saw Sayyiduna al-Nu'man bin Muqarrin (may Allah be pleased with him) praying. He waited for him until he completed his prayer, and then he said: "I want to entrust you with a responsibility (appoint you as amir)." He submitted: "If it is as a jabi (collector of taxes and tribute), I do not accept; but if it is as a ghazi (a commander on the battlefield), I am ready." Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Indeed, you are a ghazi." So Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) dispatched him and wrote to the people of Kufah to join his army; among them were Sayyiduna al-Zubayr bin al-Awwam, Sayyiduna Hudhayfah bin al-Yaman, Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Amr, Sayyiduna al-Mughirah bin Shu'bah, Sayyiduna al-Ash'ath bin Qays and Sayyiduna Amr bin Ma'dikarib (may Allah be pleased with them all). The narrator says: When Sayyiduna al-Nu'man (may Allah be pleased with him) arrived there, a river lay between him and the enemy. He sent Sayyiduna al-Mughirah bin Shu'bah (may Allah be pleased with him) to them (as an envoy). Their king was called "Dhu al-Janahayn" (the one with two wings). He consulted his advisers and asked: "What is your opinion: should I sit before them in battle dress and form, or with royal pomp and splendour?" They said: "No, rather sit before them with royal majesty, splendour and dignity."
وَقَالَ مُسَدَّدٌ : حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى ، عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ ، عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ بَهْدَلَةَ ، عَنْ أَبِي وَائِلٍ قَالَ : كَتَبَ خَالِدُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ إِلَى مِهْرَانَ وَرُسْتُمَ وَبِلَادِ فَارِسَ : مِنْ خَالِدِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ إِلَى مِهْرَانَ وَرُسْتُمَ : سَلَامٌ عَلَى مَنِ اتَّبَعَ الْهُدَى ، أَمَّا بَعْدُ : فَإِنِّي أَعْرِضُ عَلَيْكُمَا الْإِسْلَامَ ، فَإِنْ أَقْرَرْتُمَا بِالْإِسْلَامِ فَلَكُمَا مَا لِلْإِسْلَامِ ، وَعَلَيْكُمَا مَا عَلَى الْإِسْلَامِ ، وَإِنْ أَبَيْتُمَا فَإِنِّي أَعْرِضُ عَلَيْكُمَا الْجِزْيَةَ ، فَإِنْ أَبَيْتُمَا فَإِنَّ عِنْدِي رِجَالًا يُحِبُّونَ الْقِتَالَ كَمَا تُحِبُّ فَارِسُ الْخَمْرَ .
It is narrated from Abu Wa'il (may Allah have mercy on him) that Sayyiduna Khalid bin al-Walid (may Allah be pleased with him) wrote a letter to Mihran, Rustam and the lands of Persia: "From Khalid bin al-Walid to Mihran and Rustam: Peace be upon whoever follows guidance. To proceed: I present Islam to you both. If you both accept Islam, you will have the same rights and privileges as the Muslims and the same obligations as the Muslims. If you refuse, then I place before you (the offer of) the jizyah; and if you refuse that too, then (remember that) I have with me bold young men who love fighting and battle just as the people of Persia love wine."
[al-Matalib al-'Aliyah: 4366; its chain is hasan (good)]
[al-Matalib al-'Aliyah: 4366; its chain is hasan (good)]
وَقَالَ أَبُو يَعْلَى : حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْحَارِثِ ، سُرَيْجُ بْنُ يُونُسَ ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ زَكَرِيَّا بْنِ أَبِي زَائِدَةَ ، ثَنَا مُجَالِدٌ ، عَنْ عَامِرٍ يَعْنِي الشَّعْبِيَّ ، قَالَ : وَكَتَبَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ إِلَى خَالِدٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ - يَعْنِي يَوْمَ الْيَمَامَةِ وَقَتْلِ أَهْلِ الرِّدَّةِ - أَنْ يَسِيرَ إِلَى الْحِيرَةِ ثُمَّ يَمْضِيَ إِلَى الشَّامِ ، فَلَمَّا نَزَلَ الْحِيرَةَ كَتَبَ إِلَى أَهْلِ فَارِسَ ، ثُمَّ قَالَ : إِنِّي لَأُحِبُّ أَنْ لَا أَبْرَحَ حَتَّى أُفْزِعَهُمْ ، فَأَغَارَ عَلَيْهِمْ حَتَّى انْتَهَى إِلَى سُورَا ، فَقَتَلَ وَسَبَى ، ثُمَّ أَغَارَ عَلَى عَيْنِ التَّمْرِ فَقَتَلَ وَسَبَى ، ثُمَّ مَضَى إِلَى الشَّامِ .
قَالَ عَامِرٌ يَعْنِي الشَّعْبِيَّ : فَأَخْرَجَ إِلَيَّ ابْنُ بُقَيْلَةَ - يَعْنِي عَبْدَ الْمَسِيحِ الْحِمْيَرِيَّ - كِتَابَ خَالِدِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ إِلَيْهِمْ : بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ ، مِنْ خَالِدِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ إِلَى مَرَازِبَةِ فَارِسَ ، سَلَامٌ عَلَى مَنِ اتَّبَعَ الْهُدَى ، أَمَّا بَعْدُ : فَإِنِّي أَحْمَدُ اللهَ الَّذِي لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ ، بِالْحَمْدِ الَّذِي هُوَ أَهْلُهُ ، الَّذِي فَصَلَ حُرُمَكُمْ ، وَفَرَّقَ جَمَاعَتَكُمْ ، وَوَهَّنَ بَأْسَكُمْ ، وَسَلَبَ مُلْكَكُمْ ، فَإِذَا جَاءَكُمْ كِتَابِي هَذَا ، فَاعْتَقِدُوا مِنِّي الذِّمَّةَ ، وَأَدُّوا الْجِزْيَةَ ، وَابْعَثُوا إِلَيَّ بِالرُّهُنِ ، وَإِلَّا ، فَوَالَّذِي لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ لَأُقَاتِلَنَّكُمْ بِقَوْمٍ ، يُحِبُّونَ الْمَوْتَ كَحُبِّكُمُ الْحَيَاةَ ، وَالسَّلَامُ عَلَى مَنِ اتَّبَعَ الْهُدَى .
( 210 ) وَحَدِيثُ نَضْلَةَ بْنِ عَمْرٍو فِي فَتْحِ حُلْوَانَ يَأْتِي إِنْ شَاءَ اللهُ تَعَالَى فِي الْفِتَنِ .
قَالَ عَامِرٌ يَعْنِي الشَّعْبِيَّ : فَأَخْرَجَ إِلَيَّ ابْنُ بُقَيْلَةَ - يَعْنِي عَبْدَ الْمَسِيحِ الْحِمْيَرِيَّ - كِتَابَ خَالِدِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ إِلَيْهِمْ : بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ ، مِنْ خَالِدِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ إِلَى مَرَازِبَةِ فَارِسَ ، سَلَامٌ عَلَى مَنِ اتَّبَعَ الْهُدَى ، أَمَّا بَعْدُ : فَإِنِّي أَحْمَدُ اللهَ الَّذِي لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ ، بِالْحَمْدِ الَّذِي هُوَ أَهْلُهُ ، الَّذِي فَصَلَ حُرُمَكُمْ ، وَفَرَّقَ جَمَاعَتَكُمْ ، وَوَهَّنَ بَأْسَكُمْ ، وَسَلَبَ مُلْكَكُمْ ، فَإِذَا جَاءَكُمْ كِتَابِي هَذَا ، فَاعْتَقِدُوا مِنِّي الذِّمَّةَ ، وَأَدُّوا الْجِزْيَةَ ، وَابْعَثُوا إِلَيَّ بِالرُّهُنِ ، وَإِلَّا ، فَوَالَّذِي لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ لَأُقَاتِلَنَّكُمْ بِقَوْمٍ ، يُحِبُّونَ الْمَوْتَ كَحُبِّكُمُ الْحَيَاةَ ، وَالسَّلَامُ عَلَى مَنِ اتَّبَعَ الْهُدَى .
( 210 ) وَحَدِيثُ نَضْلَةَ بْنِ عَمْرٍو فِي فَتْحِ حُلْوَانَ يَأْتِي إِنْ شَاءَ اللهُ تَعَالَى فِي الْفِتَنِ .
It is narrated from Amir al-Sha'bi (may Allah have mercy on him) that the Rightly Guided Caliph Sayyiduna Abu Bakr al-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him), in the days of the Battle of Yamamah and the ending of the apostasy (riddah), sent Sayyiduna Khalid bin al-Walid (may Allah be pleased with him) a written order to advance towards al-Hirah and then proceed from there towards Syria. When Sayyiduna Khalid (may Allah be pleased with him) encamped at al-Hirah, he wrote to the people of Persia and said: "I would like not to move from here until I have struck terror into them." So he launched raids on them until he reached a place called Sura; there he killed the enemy and took captives. Then he raided Ayn al-Tamr, fought there too and took captives, and after that he set off towards Syria.
Imam Amir al-Sha'bi (may Allah have mercy on him) states that Ibn Buqaylah (that is, Abd al-Masih al-Himyari) produced before me the original letter of Sayyiduna Khalid bin al-Walid (may Allah be pleased with him) to the people of Persia, whose text was as follows: Bismillah al-Rahman al-Rahim (In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Ever-Merciful). From Khalid bin al-Walid to the marzubans (chiefs) of Persia. Peace be upon whoever follows guidance. After praise and glorification: I praise Allah, besides whom there is no true god, with praise befitting His majesty, who has shattered your sanctities, broken up your unity, destroyed your might and stripped you of your kingdom. So when this letter of mine reaches you, take from me a covenant of protection (dhimmah), pay the jizyah and send me hostages as surety; otherwise, by the One besides whom there is no god worthy of worship, I will bring against you a people who love death just as you crave life. And peace be upon whoever follows guidance.
The hadith of Nadlah bin Amr (may Allah be pleased with him) concerning the conquest of Hulwan will come, if Allah wills, in the chapter on fitnahs.
Imam Amir al-Sha'bi (may Allah have mercy on him) states that Ibn Buqaylah (that is, Abd al-Masih al-Himyari) produced before me the original letter of Sayyiduna Khalid bin al-Walid (may Allah be pleased with him) to the people of Persia, whose text was as follows: Bismillah al-Rahman al-Rahim (In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Ever-Merciful). From Khalid bin al-Walid to the marzubans (chiefs) of Persia. Peace be upon whoever follows guidance. After praise and glorification: I praise Allah, besides whom there is no true god, with praise befitting His majesty, who has shattered your sanctities, broken up your unity, destroyed your might and stripped you of your kingdom. So when this letter of mine reaches you, take from me a covenant of protection (dhimmah), pay the jizyah and send me hostages as surety; otherwise, by the One besides whom there is no god worthy of worship, I will bring against you a people who love death just as you crave life. And peace be upon whoever follows guidance.
The hadith of Nadlah bin Amr (may Allah be pleased with him) concerning the conquest of Hulwan will come, if Allah wills, in the chapter on fitnahs.
