المطالب العالية بزوائد المسانيد الثمانية
Al-Matalib al-'Aliyah
كتاب الفتن
Book of Tribulations
بَابُ البيان بأن سبب الفساد والفتن تأمير ولاة السوء
The cause of corruption and tribulations is appointing evil rulers
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قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ : حَدَّثَنَا عُقْبَةُ بْنُ مُكْرَمٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ ، عَنْ زِيَادِ بْنِ الْمُنْذِرِ ، عَنْ نَافِعِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ ، قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ : إِنَّ بَعْدِي أَئِمَّةً ، إِنْ أَطَعْتُمُوهُمْ كَفَّرُوكُمْ ، وَإِنْ عَصَيْتُمُوهُمْ قَتَلُوكُمْ ، أَئِمَّةَ الْكُفْرِ وَرُؤُوسَ الضَّلَالَةِ .
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) that he said: I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say: "Indeed, after me there will be imams (rulers and leaders) such that if you obey and follow them, they will put you on the path of disbelief, and if you disobey them, they will kill you. They will be the leaders of disbelief and the chiefs of misguidance."
Imam Ibn Abi Shaybah recorded this narration in al-Musannaf. Its chain contains a narrator named Ziyad bin al-Mundhir (Abu al-Jarud), whom the muhaddithun declared a liar and matruk (abandoned); on this basis the narration is extremely weak and unreliable in terms of its chain.
Imam Ibn Abi Shaybah recorded this narration in al-Musannaf. Its chain contains a narrator named Ziyad bin al-Mundhir (Abu al-Jarud), whom the muhaddithun declared a liar and matruk (abandoned); on this basis the narration is extremely weak and unreliable in terms of its chain.
وَقَالَ الْحَارِثُ ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ أَبِي إِسْمَاعِيلَ ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عَيَّاشٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا مُبَارَكُ بْنُ حَسَّانَ السُّلَمِيُّ ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ الْبَصْرِيِّ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : إِنَّ لِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ آفَةً تُفْسِدُهُ ، وَإِنَّ آفَةَ هَذَا الدِّينِ وُلَاةُ السُّوءِ .
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Indeed, for everything there is some bane that ruins it, and the bane of this religion is evil and corrupt rulers."
Imam al-Harith bin Abi Usamah narrated this hadith in his Musnad. Its chain contains Mubarak bin Hassan al-Sulami, a da'if (weak) narrator; moreover, there is a break (inqita') in the chain because al-Hasan al-Basri's hearing from Sayyiduna Ibn Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) is not established.
Imam al-Harith bin Abi Usamah narrated this hadith in his Musnad. Its chain contains Mubarak bin Hassan al-Sulami, a da'if (weak) narrator; moreover, there is a break (inqita') in the chain because al-Hasan al-Basri's hearing from Sayyiduna Ibn Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) is not established.
وَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا خَالِدُ بْنُ مَخْلَدٍ ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ بِلَالٍ ، عَنْ شَرِيكِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ أَبِي نَمِرٍ ، عَنْ أَعْشَى بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ مُكْمِلٍ ، عَنْ أَزْهَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ ، قَالَ : أَقْبَلَ عُبَادَةُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ حَاجًّا مِنَ الشَّامِ ، فَقَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ ، فَأَتَى عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ ، فَقَالَ : أَلَا أُخْبِرُكَ بِشَيْءٍ سَمِعْتُهُ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ؟ قَالَ : بَلَى ، قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ : سَيَكُونُ عَلَيْكُمْ أُمَرَاءُ يَأْمُرُونَكُمْ بِمَا تَعْرِفُونَ ، وَيَعْمَلُونَ مَا تُنْكِرُونَ ، فَلَيْسَ لِأُولَئِكَ عَلَيْكُمْ طَاعَةٌ .
It is narrated from Azhar bin Abdullah that Sayyiduna Ubadah bin al-Samit (may Allah be pleased with him) came from Syria to perform Hajj, and on reaching Madinah he presented himself before Sayyiduna Uthman bin Affan (may Allah be pleased with him) and asked him: "Shall I not inform you of something I myself heard from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)?" He replied: "Yes, certainly." Sayyiduna Ubadah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say: "Soon rulers will be placed over you who will command you to do things that you recognise (as good and right), but they themselves will commit things that you reject (as evil and wrong). Such people are owed no obedience by you (in matters of disobedience to Allah)."
[al-Matalib al-'Aliyah: 4347].
[al-Matalib al-'Aliyah: 4347].
وَقَالَ أَبُو يَعْلَى : حَدَّثَنَا خَلِيفَةُ بْنُ خَيَّاطٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَامِرٍ الْعَقَدِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُقْبَةَ ، عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ ، قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ : يَكُونُ أُمَرَاءُ لَا يُرَدُّ عَلَيْهِمْ ، يَتَهَافَتُونَ فِي النَّارِ ، يَتْبَعُ بَعْضُهُمْ بَعْضًا .
4348 \ 2 - وَقَالَ أَبُو يَعْلَى : وَجَدْتُ فِي كِتَابِي عَنْ سُوَيْدِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ ، فَشَكَكْتُ فِيهِ ، وَأَكْثَرُ ظَنِّي أَنِّي سَمِعْتُهُ مِنْهُ عَنْ ضِمَامِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنْ أَبِي قَبِيلٍ ، قَالَ : خَطَبَنَا مُعَاوِيَةُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ فِي يَوْمِ جُمُعَةٍ ، فَقَالَ : إِنَّمَا الْمَالُ مَالُنَا ، وَالْفَيْءُ فَيْئُنَا ، مَنْ شِئْنَا أَعْطَيْنَا ، وَمَنْ شِئْنَا مَنَعْنَا ، فَلَمْ يَرُدَّ عَلَيْهِ أَحَدٌ .
فَلَمَّا كَانَتِ الْجُمُعَةُ الثَّانِيَةُ ، قَالَ مِثْلَ مَقَالَتِهِ ، فَلَمْ يَرُدَّ عَلَيْهِ أَحَدٌ ، فَلَمَّا كَانَتِ الْجُمُعَةُ الثَّالِثَةُ قَالَ مِثْلَ مَقَالَتِهِ ، فَقَامَ إِلَيْهِ رَجُلٌ مِمَّنْ شَهِدَ ، فَقَالَ : كَلَّا ، بَلِ الْمَالُ مَالُنَا ، وَالْفَيْءُ فَيْئُنَا ، فَمَنْ حَالَ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَهُ ، حَاكَمْنَاهُ بِأَسْيَافِنَا ، فَلَمَّا صَلَّى أَمَرَ بِالرَّجُلِ فَأُدْخِلَ عَلَيْهِ ، فَأَجْلَسَهُ مَعَهُ عَلَى السَّرِيرِ ، ثُمَّ أَذِنَ لِلنَّاسِ فَدَخَلُوا عَلَيْهِ ، ثُمَّ قَالَ : أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنِّي تَكَلَّمْتُ فِي أَوَّلِ جُمُعَةٍ فَلَمْ يَرُدَّ أَحَدٌ عَلَيَّ ، وَفِي الثَّانِيَةِ فَلَمْ يَرُدَّ أَحَدٌ عَلَيَّ ، فَلَمَّا كَانَتِ الثَّالِثَةُ أَحْيَانِي هَذَا أَحْيَاهُ اللهُ ، سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ : سَيَأْتِي قَوْمٌ يَتَكَلَّمُونَ فَلَا يُرَدُّ عَلَيْهِمْ ، يَتَقَاحَمُونَ فِي النَّارِ تَقَاحُمَ الْقِرَدَةِ ، فَخَشِيتُ أَنْ يَجْعَلَنِي اللهُ مِنْهُمْ ، فَلَمَّا رَدَّ عَلَيَّ هَذَا أَحْيَانِي أَحْيَاهُ اللهُ ، وَرَجَوْتُ اللهَ أَنْ لَا يَجْعَلَنِي مِنْهُمْ .
4348 \ 2 - وَقَالَ أَبُو يَعْلَى : وَجَدْتُ فِي كِتَابِي عَنْ سُوَيْدِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ ، فَشَكَكْتُ فِيهِ ، وَأَكْثَرُ ظَنِّي أَنِّي سَمِعْتُهُ مِنْهُ عَنْ ضِمَامِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنْ أَبِي قَبِيلٍ ، قَالَ : خَطَبَنَا مُعَاوِيَةُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ فِي يَوْمِ جُمُعَةٍ ، فَقَالَ : إِنَّمَا الْمَالُ مَالُنَا ، وَالْفَيْءُ فَيْئُنَا ، مَنْ شِئْنَا أَعْطَيْنَا ، وَمَنْ شِئْنَا مَنَعْنَا ، فَلَمْ يَرُدَّ عَلَيْهِ أَحَدٌ .
فَلَمَّا كَانَتِ الْجُمُعَةُ الثَّانِيَةُ ، قَالَ مِثْلَ مَقَالَتِهِ ، فَلَمْ يَرُدَّ عَلَيْهِ أَحَدٌ ، فَلَمَّا كَانَتِ الْجُمُعَةُ الثَّالِثَةُ قَالَ مِثْلَ مَقَالَتِهِ ، فَقَامَ إِلَيْهِ رَجُلٌ مِمَّنْ شَهِدَ ، فَقَالَ : كَلَّا ، بَلِ الْمَالُ مَالُنَا ، وَالْفَيْءُ فَيْئُنَا ، فَمَنْ حَالَ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَهُ ، حَاكَمْنَاهُ بِأَسْيَافِنَا ، فَلَمَّا صَلَّى أَمَرَ بِالرَّجُلِ فَأُدْخِلَ عَلَيْهِ ، فَأَجْلَسَهُ مَعَهُ عَلَى السَّرِيرِ ، ثُمَّ أَذِنَ لِلنَّاسِ فَدَخَلُوا عَلَيْهِ ، ثُمَّ قَالَ : أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنِّي تَكَلَّمْتُ فِي أَوَّلِ جُمُعَةٍ فَلَمْ يَرُدَّ أَحَدٌ عَلَيَّ ، وَفِي الثَّانِيَةِ فَلَمْ يَرُدَّ أَحَدٌ عَلَيَّ ، فَلَمَّا كَانَتِ الثَّالِثَةُ أَحْيَانِي هَذَا أَحْيَاهُ اللهُ ، سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ : سَيَأْتِي قَوْمٌ يَتَكَلَّمُونَ فَلَا يُرَدُّ عَلَيْهِمْ ، يَتَقَاحَمُونَ فِي النَّارِ تَقَاحُمَ الْقِرَدَةِ ، فَخَشِيتُ أَنْ يَجْعَلَنِي اللهُ مِنْهُمْ ، فَلَمَّا رَدَّ عَلَيَّ هَذَا أَحْيَانِي أَحْيَاهُ اللهُ ، وَرَجَوْتُ اللهَ أَنْ لَا يَجْعَلَنِي مِنْهُمْ .
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Mu'awiyah bin Abi Sufyan (may Allah be pleased with him) that he said: I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say: "Soon there will be rulers who will not be checked (for their wrong words); they will fall into the Fire of Hell one after another, like something falling in great numbers."
It is narrated from Abu Qabil that Sayyiduna Mu'awiyah (may Allah be pleased with him) addressed us in a sermon on a Friday and said: "This wealth is our wealth alone, and this fay' (property gained without fighting) is our fay' alone; we give to whomever we wish and withhold from whomever we wish." No one reacted to his words at all. When the second Friday came, he said the same thing again, but still no one replied. When the third Friday came and he repeated the same words, a man from among those present stood up and said: "Never! Rather, this wealth is our wealth and this fay' is our fay'; whoever comes between us and it, we will settle the matter with him by our swords." When he (may Allah be pleased with him) had finished the prayer, he ordered that the man be summoned, seated him beside himself on the throne, and then gave the people permission to enter. When the people had come in, he (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "O people! I said something on the first Friday and no one checked me; then I said the same on the second Friday and still no one replied; but when I repeated it on the third Friday, this man 'gave me life, may Allah give him life', for I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say: 'Soon people will come who will speak (wrongly) but there will be no one to check them; they will tumble headlong into the Fire of Hell just as monkeys tumble (over one another).' So I feared that Allah Almighty might include me among those people too; but when this man rejected my words, he 'gave me life, may Allah keep him safe', and now I hope from Allah that He will not include me among those (doomed) people."
Regarding Suwayd bin Sa'id in the chain of this hadith, Imam Abu Ya'la had a doubt, but his strongest belief was that he heard this hadith from him. This narration contains a severe warning against undue partisanship towards rulers and abandoning speaking the truth.
It is narrated from Abu Qabil that Sayyiduna Mu'awiyah (may Allah be pleased with him) addressed us in a sermon on a Friday and said: "This wealth is our wealth alone, and this fay' (property gained without fighting) is our fay' alone; we give to whomever we wish and withhold from whomever we wish." No one reacted to his words at all. When the second Friday came, he said the same thing again, but still no one replied. When the third Friday came and he repeated the same words, a man from among those present stood up and said: "Never! Rather, this wealth is our wealth and this fay' is our fay'; whoever comes between us and it, we will settle the matter with him by our swords." When he (may Allah be pleased with him) had finished the prayer, he ordered that the man be summoned, seated him beside himself on the throne, and then gave the people permission to enter. When the people had come in, he (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "O people! I said something on the first Friday and no one checked me; then I said the same on the second Friday and still no one replied; but when I repeated it on the third Friday, this man 'gave me life, may Allah give him life', for I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say: 'Soon people will come who will speak (wrongly) but there will be no one to check them; they will tumble headlong into the Fire of Hell just as monkeys tumble (over one another).' So I feared that Allah Almighty might include me among those people too; but when this man rejected my words, he 'gave me life, may Allah keep him safe', and now I hope from Allah that He will not include me among those (doomed) people."
Regarding Suwayd bin Sa'id in the chain of this hadith, Imam Abu Ya'la had a doubt, but his strongest belief was that he heard this hadith from him. This narration contains a severe warning against undue partisanship towards rulers and abandoning speaking the truth.
