المطالب العالية بزوائد المسانيد الثمانية
Al-Matalib al-'Aliyah
كتاب الوليمة
Book of the Wedding Feast
بَابُ القافة
Physiognomists (qafah)
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قَالَ إِسْحَاقُ : أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ ، قَالَ : سَمِعَ عُبَيْدُ اللهِ بْنُ أَبِي يَزِيدَ أَبَاهُ يَقُولُ : أَرْسَلَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ إِلَى رَجُلٍ مِنْ بَنِي زُهْرَةَ ، وَهُوَ فِي الْحِجْرِ ، قَالَ : فَذَهَبْتُ مَعَهُ إِلَيْهِ ، وَقَدْ أَدْرَكَ الْجَاهِلِيَّةَ ، فَسَأَلَهُ عَنْ وِلَادٍ مِنْ وِلَادِ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ .
قَالَ سُفْيَانُ : وَكَانَ أَهْلُ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ لَيْسَ لِنِسَائِهِمْ عِدَّةٌ ، إِذَا مَاتَ الرَّجُلُ انْطَلَقَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ فَنُكِحَتْ وَلَمْ تَعْتَدَّ . قَالَ : فَسَأَلَهُ عَنِ النُّطْفَةِ ، فَقَالَ : أَمَّا النُّطْفَةُ فَمِنْ فُلَانٍ ، وَأَمَّا الْوَلَدُ فَعَلَى فِرَاشِ فُلَانٍ . فَقَالَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ : " صَدَقَ ، وَلَكِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَضَى بِالْوَلَدِ لِلْفِرَاشِ " .
فَلَمَّا أَدْبَرَ الرَّجُلُ قَالَ : أَخْبِرْنَا عَنْ بِنَاءِ الْكَعْبَةِ ، فَقَالَ : إِنَّ قُرَيْشًا تَقَوَّتْ لِبِنَاءِ الْكَعْبَةِ وَاسْتَقْرَضَتْ . فَقَالَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ : صَدَقَ .
قُلْتُ : رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ ، وَابْنُ مَاجَهْ بِالْمَرْفُوعِ مِنْهُ فَقَطَّ .
1719 \ 2 - وَرَوَاهُ ابْنُ أَبِي عُمَرَ فِي مُسْنَدِهِ مِثْلَ رِوَايَةِ إِسْحَاقَ بِطُولِهِ .
وَرَوَى أَيْضًا مِنْ حَدِيثِ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَدِيٍّ بْنِ الْخِيَارِ ، عَنْ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ - شَيْئًا مِنْهُ .
قَالَ سُفْيَانُ : وَكَانَ أَهْلُ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ لَيْسَ لِنِسَائِهِمْ عِدَّةٌ ، إِذَا مَاتَ الرَّجُلُ انْطَلَقَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ فَنُكِحَتْ وَلَمْ تَعْتَدَّ . قَالَ : فَسَأَلَهُ عَنِ النُّطْفَةِ ، فَقَالَ : أَمَّا النُّطْفَةُ فَمِنْ فُلَانٍ ، وَأَمَّا الْوَلَدُ فَعَلَى فِرَاشِ فُلَانٍ . فَقَالَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ : " صَدَقَ ، وَلَكِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَضَى بِالْوَلَدِ لِلْفِرَاشِ " .
فَلَمَّا أَدْبَرَ الرَّجُلُ قَالَ : أَخْبِرْنَا عَنْ بِنَاءِ الْكَعْبَةِ ، فَقَالَ : إِنَّ قُرَيْشًا تَقَوَّتْ لِبِنَاءِ الْكَعْبَةِ وَاسْتَقْرَضَتْ . فَقَالَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ : صَدَقَ .
قُلْتُ : رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ ، وَابْنُ مَاجَهْ بِالْمَرْفُوعِ مِنْهُ فَقَطَّ .
1719 \ 2 - وَرَوَاهُ ابْنُ أَبِي عُمَرَ فِي مُسْنَدِهِ مِثْلَ رِوَايَةِ إِسْحَاقَ بِطُولِهِ .
وَرَوَى أَيْضًا مِنْ حَدِيثِ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَدِيٍّ بْنِ الْخِيَارِ ، عَنْ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ - شَيْئًا مِنْهُ .
Ubaydullah bin Abi Yazid (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates from his father that Sayyiduna Umar al-Faruq (may Allah be pleased with him) sent for a man of Banu Zuhrah, who was at that time in the Hijr of the Ka'bah. Abu Yazid says: I too went with that man to Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him). That man had lived through the Days of Ignorance, so he (may Allah be pleased with him) asked him about a birth and lineage from the Days of Ignorance.
Imam Sufyan bin Uyaynah says: Among the people of the Days of Ignorance there was no waiting period for women; when a woman's husband died, she would go off at once and marry again without observing a waiting period.
Abu Yazid says: Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) asked him about the sperm, that is, the biological relationship, and the man said: As for the sperm, it was from so-and-so, but the child was born on the bed of so-and-so (that is, in his marriage and wedlock). At this Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "He has spoken the truth, but the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) has ruled that 'the child belongs to the one on whose bed it is born (that is, to the owner of the bed).'"
Then, when the man turned to leave, he (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Tell us about the building of the Ka'bah. He said: Quraysh gathered financial strength for the building of the Ka'bah and also took loans for it. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "He has spoken the truth."
I (Ibn Hajar) say: Imam Ahmad and Ibn Majah narrated this hadith with only the marfu' part (the Prophet's (peace and blessings be upon him) saying).
Also, Ibn Abi Umar recorded it in his Musnad in full detail like the narration of Imam Ishaq, while Ubaydullah bin Adi bin al-Khiyar also narrated part of this incident from Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him).
Imam Sufyan bin Uyaynah says: Among the people of the Days of Ignorance there was no waiting period for women; when a woman's husband died, she would go off at once and marry again without observing a waiting period.
Abu Yazid says: Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) asked him about the sperm, that is, the biological relationship, and the man said: As for the sperm, it was from so-and-so, but the child was born on the bed of so-and-so (that is, in his marriage and wedlock). At this Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "He has spoken the truth, but the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) has ruled that 'the child belongs to the one on whose bed it is born (that is, to the owner of the bed).'"
Then, when the man turned to leave, he (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Tell us about the building of the Ka'bah. He said: Quraysh gathered financial strength for the building of the Ka'bah and also took loans for it. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "He has spoken the truth."
I (Ibn Hajar) say: Imam Ahmad and Ibn Majah narrated this hadith with only the marfu' part (the Prophet's (peace and blessings be upon him) saying).
Also, Ibn Abi Umar recorded it in his Musnad in full detail like the narration of Imam Ishaq, while Ubaydullah bin Adi bin al-Khiyar also narrated part of this incident from Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him).
وَقَالَ أَبُو يَعْلَى : حَدَّثَنَا دَاوُدُ بْنُ رُشَيْدٍ ، ثَنَا أَبُو تُمَيْلَةَ قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ إِسْحَاقَ ، قَالَ : ادَّعَى نَصْرُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ رَبَاحٍ مَوْلَى خَالِدِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ ، فَقَامَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ خَالِدِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ فَقَالَ : مَوْلَايَ ، وُلِدَ عَلَى فِرَاشٍ أَبِي . فَقَالَ نَصْرٌ : أَخِي ، هُوَ وَبَنَاتِي بِمَنْزِلَةٍ .
قَالَ : فَطَالَتْ خُصُومَتُهُمْ ، فَدَخَلُوا عَلَى مُعَاوِيَةَ وَفِهْرٌ تَحْتَ رَأْسِهِ ، فَادَّعَيَا . فَقَالَ مُعَاوِيَةُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ : سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ : " الْوَلَدُ لِلْفِرَاشِ ، وَلِلْعَاهِرِ الْحَجَرُ " .
قَالَ نَصْرٌ : فَأَيْنَ قَضَاؤُكَ هَذَا يَا مُعَاوِيَةُ فِي زِيَادٍ ؟ فَقَالَ مُعَاوِيَةُ : قَضَاءُ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ خَيْرٌ مِنْ قَضَاءِ مُعَاوِيَةَ .
قَالَ : فَكَانَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ رَبَاحٍ لَا يُجِيبُ نَصْرًا إِلَى مَا ادَّعَاهُ ، فَقَالَ نَصْرٌ :
أَبَا خَالِدٍ مَا مِثْلُ مَالٍ وَرِثْتَهُ وَخُذْنِي أَخًا عِنْدَ الْفِرَاشِ شَاهِدَا أَبَا خَالِدٍ مَالِي ثَرِيٌّ وَمَنْصِبٌ
شَيْءٌ وَأَعْرَاقٌ تَهُزُّكَ صَاعِدَا أَبَا خَالِدٍ لَا تَجْعَلَنَّ بَنَاتِنَا
إِمَاءً لِمَخْزُومٍ وَكُنْ مُتَوَاجِدَا أَبَا خَالِدٍ إِنْ كُنْتَ تَخْشَى ابْنَ خَالِدٍ
فَلَمْ يَكُنِ الْحَجَّاجُ يَرْهَبُ خَالِدًا أَبَا خَالِدٍ لَا نَحْنُ نَارٌ وَلَا هُمْ
جِنَانٌ رَعَتْ فِيهَا الْعُيُونُ رَوَاكِدَا .
قَالَ : فَطَالَتْ خُصُومَتُهُمْ ، فَدَخَلُوا عَلَى مُعَاوِيَةَ وَفِهْرٌ تَحْتَ رَأْسِهِ ، فَادَّعَيَا . فَقَالَ مُعَاوِيَةُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ : سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ : " الْوَلَدُ لِلْفِرَاشِ ، وَلِلْعَاهِرِ الْحَجَرُ " .
قَالَ نَصْرٌ : فَأَيْنَ قَضَاؤُكَ هَذَا يَا مُعَاوِيَةُ فِي زِيَادٍ ؟ فَقَالَ مُعَاوِيَةُ : قَضَاءُ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ خَيْرٌ مِنْ قَضَاءِ مُعَاوِيَةَ .
قَالَ : فَكَانَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ رَبَاحٍ لَا يُجِيبُ نَصْرًا إِلَى مَا ادَّعَاهُ ، فَقَالَ نَصْرٌ :
أَبَا خَالِدٍ مَا مِثْلُ مَالٍ وَرِثْتَهُ وَخُذْنِي أَخًا عِنْدَ الْفِرَاشِ شَاهِدَا أَبَا خَالِدٍ مَالِي ثَرِيٌّ وَمَنْصِبٌ
شَيْءٌ وَأَعْرَاقٌ تَهُزُّكَ صَاعِدَا أَبَا خَالِدٍ لَا تَجْعَلَنَّ بَنَاتِنَا
إِمَاءً لِمَخْزُومٍ وَكُنْ مُتَوَاجِدَا أَبَا خَالِدٍ إِنْ كُنْتَ تَخْشَى ابْنَ خَالِدٍ
فَلَمْ يَكُنِ الْحَجَّاجُ يَرْهَبُ خَالِدًا أَبَا خَالِدٍ لَا نَحْنُ نَارٌ وَلَا هُمْ
جِنَانٌ رَعَتْ فِيهَا الْعُيُونُ رَوَاكِدَا .
It is narrated through the chain of Imam Abu Ya'la (may Allah have mercy on him) that Muhammad bin Ishaq relates: Nasr bin al-Hajjaj claimed Abdullah bin Rabah, the freed slave of Sayyiduna Khalid bin al-Walid (as his brother), whereupon Abd al-Rahman bin Khalid bin al-Walid stood up and said: "He is my freed slave and was born on my father's bed." Nasr said: "He is my brother; his standing and that of my daughters is the same."
The narrator relates: When their dispute dragged on, they came to Sayyiduna Mu'awiyah (may Allah be pleased with him), who at that time had a pillow under his head, and there the two of them presented their case. Sayyiduna Mu'awiyah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say: "The child belongs to the owner of the bed (the one on whose bed it was born), and for the fornicator is the stone (failure and deprivation)."
Nasr said: "O Mu'awiyah, then where had this ruling of yours gone in the matter of Ziyad?" Sayyiduna Mu'awiyah replied: "The ruling of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) is far better than the ruling of Mu'awiyah."
The narrator says: Abdullah bin Rabah did not accept Nasr's claim, so Nasr composed these verses (out of longing and to entice him): O Abu Khalid, there is nothing like the wealth you will inherit, so accept me as your brother with the testimony of this bed of birth; O Abu Khalid, I have abundant wealth, high rank and that noble lineage which will raise you to the heights; O Abu Khalid, do not let our daughters become the slave-women of Banu Makhzum, and kindle love and longing for your own; O Abu Khalid, if you fear the son of Khalid, remember that al-Hajjaj was never overawed by Khalid; O Abu Khalid, neither are we fire, nor are they a garden in which benefit is drawn from still springs.
The narrator relates: When their dispute dragged on, they came to Sayyiduna Mu'awiyah (may Allah be pleased with him), who at that time had a pillow under his head, and there the two of them presented their case. Sayyiduna Mu'awiyah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say: "The child belongs to the owner of the bed (the one on whose bed it was born), and for the fornicator is the stone (failure and deprivation)."
Nasr said: "O Mu'awiyah, then where had this ruling of yours gone in the matter of Ziyad?" Sayyiduna Mu'awiyah replied: "The ruling of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) is far better than the ruling of Mu'awiyah."
The narrator says: Abdullah bin Rabah did not accept Nasr's claim, so Nasr composed these verses (out of longing and to entice him): O Abu Khalid, there is nothing like the wealth you will inherit, so accept me as your brother with the testimony of this bed of birth; O Abu Khalid, I have abundant wealth, high rank and that noble lineage which will raise you to the heights; O Abu Khalid, do not let our daughters become the slave-women of Banu Makhzum, and kindle love and longing for your own; O Abu Khalid, if you fear the son of Khalid, remember that al-Hajjaj was never overawed by Khalid; O Abu Khalid, neither are we fire, nor are they a garden in which benefit is drawn from still springs.
