المطالب العالية بزوائد المسانيد الثمانية
Al-Matalib al-'Aliyah
كتاب الوصايا
Book of Wills
بَابُ الكلالة
Kalalah
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إِسْحَاقُ : أَخْبَرَنَا جَرِيرٌ ، عَنِ الشَّيْبَانِيِّ ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ مُرَّةَ ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ ، قَالَ : إِنَّ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ سَأَلَ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : كَيْفَ نُوَرِّثُ الْكَلَالَةَ ؟ فَقَالَ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " أَوَلَيْسَ قَدْ بَيَّنَ اللهُ تَعَالَى ذَلِكَ ؟ " ثُمَّ قَرَأَ : وَإِنْ كَانَ رَجُلٌ يُورَثُ كَلالَةً ، إِلَى آخِرِهَا . فَكَأَنَّ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ لَمْ يَفْهَمْ ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ تَعَالَى : يَسْتَفْتُونَكَ قُلِ اللهُ يُفْتِيكُمْ فِي الْكَلالَةِ ، إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ .
فَكَأَنَّ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ لَمْ يَفْهَمْ ، فَقَالَ لِحَفْصَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا : إِذَا رَأَيْتِ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ طِيبَ نَفْسٍ فَاسْأَلِيهِ عَنْهَا ، فَرَأَتْ مِنْهُ طِيبَ نَفْسٍ فَسَأَلَتْهُ عَنْهَا فَقَالَ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " أَبُوكِ كَتَبَ لَكِ هَذَا ؟ مَا أُرَى أَبَاكِ يَعْلَمُهَا أَبَدًا " ، فَكَانَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ يَقُولُ : مَا أُرَانِي أَعْلَمُهَا أَبَدًا ، وَقَدْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَا قَالَ .
* صَحِيحٌ إِنْ كَانَ ابْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ سَمِعَهُ مِنْ حَفْصَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا .
فَكَأَنَّ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ لَمْ يَفْهَمْ ، فَقَالَ لِحَفْصَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا : إِذَا رَأَيْتِ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ طِيبَ نَفْسٍ فَاسْأَلِيهِ عَنْهَا ، فَرَأَتْ مِنْهُ طِيبَ نَفْسٍ فَسَأَلَتْهُ عَنْهَا فَقَالَ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " أَبُوكِ كَتَبَ لَكِ هَذَا ؟ مَا أُرَى أَبَاكِ يَعْلَمُهَا أَبَدًا " ، فَكَانَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ يَقُولُ : مَا أُرَانِي أَعْلَمُهَا أَبَدًا ، وَقَدْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَا قَالَ .
* صَحِيحٌ إِنْ كَانَ ابْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ سَمِعَهُ مِنْ حَفْصَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا .
Sa'id bin al-Musayyib (may Allah have mercy on him) reports that Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) asked the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him): How should we distribute the inheritance of a kalalah (a deceased person who leaves neither ascendants nor descendants, that is, neither father nor son)? He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Has Allah Almighty not made it clear?" Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) recited this verse: "And if a man whose inheritance is to be distributed is a kalalah" to the end. But it seemed that Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) could not understand its full detail, so Allah Almighty revealed this verse: "They ask you for a ruling. Say: Allah gives you a ruling concerning the kalalah" to the end of the verse. Yet Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) was still not fully satisfied, so he said to Sayyidah Hafsah (may Allah be pleased with her): "When you see the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) in a pleasant mood, ask him about this (matter of kalalah)." So when she found him (peace and blessings be upon him) in a cheerful state, she asked him about it, whereupon he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Did your father tell you to ask this? I think your father will never understand it (properly)." After that, Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) used to say: "I too think that I will never know it, for the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) has said about me what he had to say." Technically, this narration is sahih (authentic), provided that Sa'id bin al-Musayyib heard it from Sayyidah Hafsah (may Allah be pleased with her).
وَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي عُمَرَ : حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ ، ثَنَا مُصْعَبُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ ، قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ ، قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا ، يَقُولُ : " إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ فِي كِتَابِ اللهِ ، وَلَا فِي قَضَاءِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ . وَسَيَجِدُونَهُ كُلُّهُمْ ، فَيَقُولُونَ : مَا هُوَ ؟ فَيَقُولُ : مِيرَاثُ الْأُخْتِ مَعَ الْبِنْتِ النِّصْفُ ، وَقَدْ قَالَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ : إِنِ امْرُؤٌ هَلَكَ لَيْسَ لَهُ وَلَدٌ وَلَهُ أُخْتٌ ... الْآيَةَ .
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) that he said: "Indeed, this is neither in the Book of Allah nor in any judgement of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and soon all of them will come across it and ask what it is. He (may Allah be pleased with him) says: (The matter is) fixing the sister's share at one half when there is a daughter, whereas Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, has said: 'If a man dies having no child and he has a sister' (to the end of the verse)."
وَقَالَ أَبُو يَعْلَى : حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو خَيْثَمَةَ ، ثَنَا حُمَيْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ ، عَنْ زُهَيْرٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ ، عَنِ الْحَارِثِ ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : " يَرِثُ الرَّجُلُ أَخَاهُ لِأَبِيهِ وَأُمِّهِ دُونَ إِخْوَتِهِ لِأَبِيهِ ".
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Ali bin Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "A man inherits from his brother who is (his full brother) from both his father and his mother, to the exclusion of his brothers who are only from his father (paternal half-brothers)."
وَقَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ : حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ مُرَّةَ ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ مُرَّةَ يَقُولُ فِي الْكَلَالَةِ ، قُلْتُ لِمُرَّةَ : وَمَنْ يَشُكُّ فِي الْكَلَالَةِ ؟ هُوَ مَا دُونَ الْوَلَدِ وَالْوَالِدِ . قَالَ : " إِنَّهُمْ يَشُكُّونَ فِي الْوَلَدِ ".
It is narrated from Amr bin Murrah that he heard Murrah speaking about kalalah. I said to Murrah: "Who could possibly have any doubt about kalalah? It means those (heirs) other than children and father." He said: "Indeed, they have doubts even regarding children."
