المطالب العالية بزوائد المسانيد الثمانية
Al-Matalib al-'Aliyah
كتاب البيوع
Book of Sales
بَابُ التفليس
Bankruptcy
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قَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي عُمَرَ : حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامٌ ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ ، أَخْبَرَنِي عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ كَثِيرٍ ، عَنْ عَدِيِّ بْنِ عَدِيٍّ ، قَالَ : إِنَّ النَّبِيَّ - صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - قَضَى فِي إِنْسَانٍ لَمْ يُوجَدْ لَهُ وَفَاءٌ ، وَوَجَدَ بَعْضُ غُرَمَائِهِ سُلْفَتَهُ وَافِرَةً عِنْدَهُ ، فَقَضَى بِأَنَّهُ يَأْخُذُ مَتَاعَهُ إِنْ وَجَدَهُ .
It is narrated from Adi bin Adi that he related that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) gave a ruling concerning a person for whom no means of (debt) repayment was found, while some of his creditors found the goods they had advanced to him still with him, intact and complete; so he (peace and blessings be upon him) ruled: "He may take his goods if he finds them."
وَقَالَ إِسْحَاقُ : أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ ، أَنَا مَعْمَرٌ ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ كَعْبِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ ، قَالَ : كَانَ مُعَاذُ بْنُ جَبَلٍ - رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ - رَجُلًا سَمْحًا شَابًّا جَمِيلًا ، مِنْ أَفْضَلِ شَبَابِ قَوْمِهِ ، وَكَانَ لَا يُمْسِكُ شَيْئًا ، فَلَمْ يَزَلْ يَدَّانُ حَتَّى أَغْلَقَ مَالَهُ كُلَّهُ فِي الدَّيْنِ ، فَأَتَى النَّبِيَّ - صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - فَطَلَبَ إِلَيْهِ أَنْ يَسْأَلَ غُرَمَاءَهُ أَنْ يَضَعُوا لَهُ ، فَأَبَوْا - فَلَوْ تَرَكُوا لِأَحَدٍ مِنْ أَجْلِ أَحَدٍ تَرَكُوا لِمُعَاذٍ - رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ - مِنْ أَجْلِ النَّبِيِّ - صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - فَبَاعَ النَّبِيُّ - صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - مَالَهُ كُلَّهُ فِي دَيْنِهِ ، حَتَّى قَامَ مُعَاذٌ - رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ - بِغَيْرِ شَيْءٍ ، حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ عَامُ فَتْحِ مَكَّةَ بَعَثَهُ النَّبِيُّ - صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - عَلَى طَائِفَةٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ أَمِيرًا لِيَجْبُرَهُ ، فَمَكَثَ مُعَاذٌ - رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ - بِالْيَمَنِ أَمِيرًا - وَكَانَ أَوَّلَ مَنِ اتَّجَرَ فِي مَالِ اللهِ تَعَالَى هُوَ - فَمَكَثَ حَتَّى أَصَابَ ، وَحَتَّى قُبِضَ النَّبِيُّ - صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ قَالَ عُمَرُ لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ - رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا - : أَرْسِلْ إِلَى هَذَا الرَّجُلِ فَدَعْ لَهُ مَا يُعَيِّشُهُ ، وَخُذْ سَائِرَهُ ، فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ - رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ - : إِنَّمَا بَعَثَهُ النَّبِيُّ - صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - لِيَجْبُرَهُ ، وَلَسْتُ آخِذًا مِنْهُ شَيْئًا إِلَّا أَنْ يُعْطِيَنِي ، فَانْطَلَقَ عُمَرُ - رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ - إِلَيْهِ ، إِذْ لَمْ يُطِعْهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ - رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ - فَذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ عُمَرُ لِمُعَاذٍ - رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا - فَقَالَ مُعَاذٌ - رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ - : أَنَا أَرْسَلَنِي النَّبِيُّ - صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - لِيَجْبُرَنِي ، وَلَسْتُ بِفَاعِلٍ ، ثُمَّ لَقِيَ مُعَاذٌ عُمَرَ - رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا - فَقَالَ : قَدْ أَطَعْتُكَ ، وَأَنَا فَاعِلٌ مَا أَمَرْتَنِي ، إِنِّي رَأَيْتُ فِي الْمَنَامِ أَنِّي فِي حَوْمَةِ مَاءٍ ، وَقَدْ خَشِيتُ الْغَرَقَ ، فَخَلَّصْتَنِي مِنْهُ يَا عُمَرُ ، فَأَتَى مُعَاذٌ أَبَا بَكْرٍ - رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ - فَذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ لَهُ ، وَحَلَفَ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَكْتُمْهُ شَيْئًا ، حَتَّى تَبَيَّنَ لَهُ سَوْطُهُ ، فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ - رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ - : وَاللهِ لَا آخُذُهُ مِنْكَ ، وَقَدْ وَهَبْتُهُ لَكَ . فَقَالَ عُمَرُ - رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ - : هَذَا حِينَ طَابَ وَحَلَّ ، فَخَرَجَ مُعَاذٌ - رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ - عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ إِلَى الشَّامِ .
هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ إِسْنَادُهُ صَحِيحٌ ، وَلَكِنَّهُ مُرْسَلٌ ، وَلَمْ يُخْرِجُوهُ فِي كُتُبِهِمْ ، بَلْ خَرَّجَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ مِنْهُ فِي الْمَرَاسِيلِ الْمُفْرَدِ قِطْعَةً مِنْهُ .
وَقَدْ خَالَفَ عَبْدَ الرَّزَّاقِ هِشَامُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ ، فَرَوَاهُ عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ مَوْصُولًا ، قَالَ : عَنِ ابْنِ كَعْبٍ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، وَرَوَاهُ ابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ فَأَرْسَلَهُ .
1461 \ 2 - وَقَالَ الْحَارِثُ : حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ عِيسَى بْنِ الطَّبَّاعِ ، ثَنَا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ ، أَخْبَرَنِي مَعْمَرٌ ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ ، عَنِ ابْنِ كَعْبِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ ، قَالَ : كَانَ مُعَاذُ بْنُ جَبَلٍ - رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ - شَابًّا سَمْحًا ، أَفْضَلَ فِتْيَانِ قَوْمِهِ ، فَلَمْ يَزَلْ حَتَّى أَغْرَقَ مَالَهُ فِي الدَّيْنِ ، فَكَلَّمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ - صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - غُرَمَاءَهُ ، فَلَوْ تُرِكَ أَحَدٌ مِنْ أَجْلِ أَحَدٍ لَتُرِكَ مُعَاذُ بْنُ جَبَلٍ - رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ - مِنْ أَجْلِ رَسُولِ اللهِ - صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - . قَالَ : فَبَقِيَ مُعَاذٌ - رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ - وَلَا مَالَ لَهُ .
هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ إِسْنَادُهُ صَحِيحٌ ، وَلَكِنَّهُ مُرْسَلٌ ، وَلَمْ يُخْرِجُوهُ فِي كُتُبِهِمْ ، بَلْ خَرَّجَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ مِنْهُ فِي الْمَرَاسِيلِ الْمُفْرَدِ قِطْعَةً مِنْهُ .
وَقَدْ خَالَفَ عَبْدَ الرَّزَّاقِ هِشَامُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ ، فَرَوَاهُ عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ مَوْصُولًا ، قَالَ : عَنِ ابْنِ كَعْبٍ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، وَرَوَاهُ ابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ فَأَرْسَلَهُ .
1461 \ 2 - وَقَالَ الْحَارِثُ : حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ عِيسَى بْنِ الطَّبَّاعِ ، ثَنَا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ ، أَخْبَرَنِي مَعْمَرٌ ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ ، عَنِ ابْنِ كَعْبِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ ، قَالَ : كَانَ مُعَاذُ بْنُ جَبَلٍ - رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ - شَابًّا سَمْحًا ، أَفْضَلَ فِتْيَانِ قَوْمِهِ ، فَلَمْ يَزَلْ حَتَّى أَغْرَقَ مَالَهُ فِي الدَّيْنِ ، فَكَلَّمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ - صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - غُرَمَاءَهُ ، فَلَوْ تُرِكَ أَحَدٌ مِنْ أَجْلِ أَحَدٍ لَتُرِكَ مُعَاذُ بْنُ جَبَلٍ - رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ - مِنْ أَجْلِ رَسُولِ اللهِ - صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - . قَالَ : فَبَقِيَ مُعَاذٌ - رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ - وَلَا مَالَ لَهُ .
It is narrated from Abdullah bin Abd al-Rahman bin Ka'b bin Malik that Sayyiduna Mu'adh bin Jabal (may Allah be pleased with him) was a generous, handsome young man, one of the best young men of his people, and he would not hold on to anything. He kept taking on debt until all his property was tied up in debt. So he came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and asked him to ask his creditors to reduce (the debt) for him, but they refused; had they let anyone off for anyone's sake, they would have let Sayyiduna Mu'adh (may Allah be pleased with him) off for the sake of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). So the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) sold all his property to pay his debt, until Sayyiduna Mu'adh (may Allah be pleased with him) was left with nothing. Then, in the year of the Conquest of Makkah, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) sent him as governor over a group of the people of Yemen, in order to restore his fortunes. Sayyiduna Mu'adh (may Allah be pleased with him) remained in Yemen as governor, and he was the first to trade with the wealth of Allah Almighty; he stayed until he had gained (wealth), and until the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) passed away. When he returned, Sayyiduna Umar said to Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with them both): Send for this man, leave him what he needs to live on and take the rest. Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) sent him only to make good his losses and restore him, so I will not take anything from him unless he himself gives it to me." So Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) went to him, since Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) had not accepted his suggestion, and Sayyiduna Umar mentioned this to Sayyiduna Mu'adh (may Allah be pleased with him). Sayyiduna Mu'adh (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) sent me only to set my finances right, so I will not do this." Then Sayyiduna Mu'adh met Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) and said: "I have accepted your advice, and I will do what you instructed me, for I saw in a dream that I was in a deep expanse of water and feared drowning, and you, O Umar, rescued me from it." So Sayyiduna Mu'adh came to Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) and told him of it, and swore that he had concealed nothing from him, so much so that even his whip was disclosed to him. Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "By Allah! I will not take it from you, and I have given it to you as a gift." Thereupon Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Now is the time it has become pure and lawful." Then Sayyiduna Mu'adh (may Allah be pleased with him) set out for al-Sham. The chain of this hadith is sahih (authentic), but it is mursal, and the imams did not record it in their books; rather, Abu Dawud recorded a portion of it in al-Marasil al-Mufrad. Hisham bin Yusuf differed from Abd al-Razzaq and narrated it from Ma'mar as connected (muttasil); he said: from Ibn Ka'b, from his father; whereas Ibn al-Mubarak narrated it from Ma'mar as mursal. And al-Harith said: Ishaq bin Isa bin al-Tabba' narrated to us; (he said:) Abdullah bin al-Mubarak informed us; (he said:) Ma'mar informed me from al-Zuhri, from Ibn Ka'b bin Malik, who said: Sayyiduna Mu'adh bin Jabal (may Allah be pleased with him) was a generous young man and one of the best youths of his people; he kept taking loans until he sank his property in debt. So the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) spoke to his creditors; and had anyone's due been waived for anyone's sake, the due against Sayyiduna Mu'adh bin Jabal (may Allah be pleased with him) would have been waived for the sake of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). He said: So Sayyiduna Mu'adh (may Allah be pleased with him) was left with no property.
