Al-Matalib al-'Aliyah 3817 — The Prophet ﷺ foretelling the caliphs

It is narrated from Sayyiduna Safinah (may Allah be pleased with him), the freed slave of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), that when the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) built the mosque (in Madinah), he (peace and blessings be upon him) himself laid a stone (as a foundation). Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Let Abu Bakr place his stone (beside my stone)." Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) instructed: "Let Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) place his stone next to Abu Bakr's stone." Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Let Uthman place his stone next to the stone of Umar (may Allah be pleased with him)." Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) said (about the order of their action): "These will be the caliphs after me (in succession)."
Takhrij and grading: Imam al-Harith and Imam Abu Ya'la narrated it; its chain contains the narrator Yahya bin Abd al-Hamid al-Himmani, who is weak; however, there are strong supporting reports with this meaning in other books of Sunan.