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المطالب العالية بزوائد المسانيد الثمانية
Al-Matalib al-'Aliyah
كتاب القضاء والشهادات
Book of Judgeship and Testimonies
بَابُ مَا يخشى عَلَى مِنْ قضى بغير حَقٌّ
Chapter: What is feared for one who judges unjustly
Al-Matalib al-'Aliyah 2173 — What is feared for one who judges
اُردوEn
وَقَالَ عَبْدٌ : حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ ، ثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ ، ثَنَا أَبُو سِنَانٍ ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ مَوْهَبٍ ، قَالَ : إِنَّ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ ، قَالَ لِابْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا : اقْضِ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ ، فَقَالَ : لَا أَقْضِي بَيْنَ رَجُلَيْنِ ، وَلَا أَؤُمُّهُمَا ، قَالَ : فَإِنَّ أَبَاكَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ كَانَ يَقْضِي ، قَالَ : كَانَ أَبِي يَقْضِي ، فَإِنْ أَشْكَلَ عَلَيْهِ شَيْءٌ سَأَلَ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، وَإِنْ أَشْكَلَ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ سَأَلَ جِبْرِيلَ عَلَيْهِ الصَّلَاةُ وَالسَّلَامُ ، وَأَنَا لَا أَجِدُ مَنْ أَسْأَلُهُ ، وَإِنِّي لَسْتُ مِثْلَ أَبِي ، وَإِنَّهُ بَلَغَنِي أَنَّ الْقُضَاةَ ثَلَاثَةٌ : رَجُلٌ خَافَ فَمَالَ بِهِ هَوًى فَهُوَ فِي النَّارِ ، [وَرَجُلٌ تَكَلَّفَ الْقَضَاءَ فَقَضَى بِجَهْلٍ فَهُوَ فِي النَّارِ] ، وَرَجُلٌ اجْتَهَدَ فَأَصَابَ فَذَاكَ يَنْجُو كَفَافًا لَا لَهُ وَلَا عَلَيْهِ ، وَهَلْ سَمِعْتَ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ : مَنْ عَاذَ بِاللهِ فَقَدْ عَاذَ بِمَعَاذٍ ، قَالَ : بَلَى . قَالَ : فَإِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِاللهِ مِنْكَ أَنْ تَجْعَلَنِي قَاضِيًا ، فَأَعْفَاهُ ، وَقَالَ : لَا تُخْبِرَنَّ أَحَدًا .
2173 \ 2 - وَقَالَ أَبُو يَعْلَى : حَدَّثَنَا شَيْبَانُ ، وَأُمَيَّةُ بْنُ بِسْطَامٍ - فَرَّقَهُمَا - ، وَهَذَا لَفْظُ أُمَيَّةَ ، قَالَا : ثَنَا مُعْتَمِرُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ ، قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ الْمَلِكِ بْنَ أَبِي [جَمِيلَةَ] ، يَتَحَدَّثُ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ مَوْهَبٍ ، قَالَ : إِنَّ عُثْمَانَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ ، قَالَ لِابْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا : اذْهَبْ [فَكُنْ] قَاضِيًا ، قَالَ : أَوَ يُعْفِينِي أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ؟ قَالَ : اذْهَبْ فَاقْضِ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ ، قَالَ : أَوَ تُعْفِينِي يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ؟ قَالَ : عَزَمْتُ عَلَيْكَ إِلَّا ذَهَبْتَ فَقَضَيْتَ ، قَالَ : لَا تَعْجَلْ ، سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، يَقُولُ : مَنْ عَاذَ بِاللهِ فَقَدْ عَاذَ بِمَعَاذٍ . قَالَ : نَعَمْ ، قَالَ : إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِاللهِ أَنْ أَكُونَ قَاضِيًا . قَالَ : وَمَا يَمْنَعُكَ وَقَدْ كَانَ أَبُوكَ قَاضِيًا ؟ قَالَ : لِأَنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ : مَنْ كَانَ قَاضِيًا يَقْضِي بِجَوْرٍ كَانَ مِنْ أَهْلِ النَّارِ ، [وَمَنْ كَانَ قَاضِيًا [يَقْتَضِي] بِجَهْلٍ كَانَ مِنْ أَهْلِ النَّارِ] ، وَمَنْ كَانَ قَاضِيًا عَالِمًا فَقَضَى بِحَقٍّ أَوْ بِعَدْلٍ سَأَلَ اللهَ أَنْ يَنْفَلِتَ كَفَافًا .
قُلْتُ : أَخْرَجَ التِّرْمِذِيُّ [بَعْضَهُ] ، وَقَالَ : إِنَّ فِيهِ انْقِطَاعًا .
2173 \ 2 - وَقَالَ أَبُو يَعْلَى : حَدَّثَنَا شَيْبَانُ ، وَأُمَيَّةُ بْنُ بِسْطَامٍ - فَرَّقَهُمَا - ، وَهَذَا لَفْظُ أُمَيَّةَ ، قَالَا : ثَنَا مُعْتَمِرُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ ، قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ الْمَلِكِ بْنَ أَبِي [جَمِيلَةَ] ، يَتَحَدَّثُ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ مَوْهَبٍ ، قَالَ : إِنَّ عُثْمَانَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ ، قَالَ لِابْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا : اذْهَبْ [فَكُنْ] قَاضِيًا ، قَالَ : أَوَ يُعْفِينِي أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ؟ قَالَ : اذْهَبْ فَاقْضِ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ ، قَالَ : أَوَ تُعْفِينِي يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ؟ قَالَ : عَزَمْتُ عَلَيْكَ إِلَّا ذَهَبْتَ فَقَضَيْتَ ، قَالَ : لَا تَعْجَلْ ، سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، يَقُولُ : مَنْ عَاذَ بِاللهِ فَقَدْ عَاذَ بِمَعَاذٍ . قَالَ : نَعَمْ ، قَالَ : إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِاللهِ أَنْ أَكُونَ قَاضِيًا . قَالَ : وَمَا يَمْنَعُكَ وَقَدْ كَانَ أَبُوكَ قَاضِيًا ؟ قَالَ : لِأَنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ : مَنْ كَانَ قَاضِيًا يَقْضِي بِجَوْرٍ كَانَ مِنْ أَهْلِ النَّارِ ، [وَمَنْ كَانَ قَاضِيًا [يَقْتَضِي] بِجَهْلٍ كَانَ مِنْ أَهْلِ النَّارِ] ، وَمَنْ كَانَ قَاضِيًا عَالِمًا فَقَضَى بِحَقٍّ أَوْ بِعَدْلٍ سَأَلَ اللهَ أَنْ يَنْفَلِتَ كَفَافًا .
قُلْتُ : أَخْرَجَ التِّرْمِذِيُّ [بَعْضَهُ] ، وَقَالَ : إِنَّ فِيهِ انْقِطَاعًا .
It is narrated from Yazid bin Abdullah bin Mawhab that Sayyiduna Uthman bin Affan (may Allah be pleased with him) said to Sayyiduna Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both): "Judge between the people." He said: "I will neither judge between two men nor lead them in prayer." Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "But your father (Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him)) used to judge." He replied: "My father used to judge, and if anything was difficult for him, he would ask the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and if a matter was unclear to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), he (peace and blessings be upon him) would ask Jibril (peace be upon him); whereas I have no one available whom I can ask, and I am not like my father. Moreover, it has reached me that judges are of three kinds: one is a man who feared (Allah) but then inclined towards his own desire, so he is in the Fire; the second is a man who forced himself into the office of judge and judged with ignorance, so he too is in the Fire; and the third is a man who exerted his effort (ijtihad) and reached what is correct, so he will escape just breaking even (kafafan), with nothing in his favour and no burden against him. (Then he asked:) Have you heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) saying: 'Man adha billahi fa-qad adha bi-ma'adh (Whoever seeks refuge with Allah has sought refuge with a mighty refuge)'?" He said: "Yes." Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: "Then I seek refuge with Allah from your making me a judge." So he excused Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) and said: "Do not tell anyone about this."
Abu Ya'la also recorded a narration from Abdullah bin Mawhab that Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) said to Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both): "Go and be a judge." He said: "Will the Commander of the Believers not excuse me from it?" He said: "Go and judge between the people." He said again: "O Commander of the Believers, will you not excuse me?" He said: "I have made it binding upon you that you go and judge." He said: "Do not be hasty. I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say: 'Man adha billahi fa-qad adha bi-ma'adh (Whoever seeks refuge with Allah has sought refuge with a mighty refuge).'" He said: "Yes." Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: "I seek refuge with Allah from becoming a judge." Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "What prevents you, when your father too was a judge?" He replied: "Because I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say: 'The judge who judges with injustice is among the people of the Fire, and the judge who judges with ignorance is also among the people of the Fire, and even the judge who is learned and judges with truth and justice asks Allah that he may escape just breaking even (kafafan).'"
I (Ibn Hajar) say: Imam al-Tirmidhi narrated part of it and said that there is a break (inqita') in it.
Abu Ya'la also recorded a narration from Abdullah bin Mawhab that Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) said to Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both): "Go and be a judge." He said: "Will the Commander of the Believers not excuse me from it?" He said: "Go and judge between the people." He said again: "O Commander of the Believers, will you not excuse me?" He said: "I have made it binding upon you that you go and judge." He said: "Do not be hasty. I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say: 'Man adha billahi fa-qad adha bi-ma'adh (Whoever seeks refuge with Allah has sought refuge with a mighty refuge).'" He said: "Yes." Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: "I seek refuge with Allah from becoming a judge." Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "What prevents you, when your father too was a judge?" He replied: "Because I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say: 'The judge who judges with injustice is among the people of the Fire, and the judge who judges with ignorance is also among the people of the Fire, and even the judge who is learned and judges with truth and justice asks Allah that he may escape just breaking even (kafafan).'"
I (Ibn Hajar) say: Imam al-Tirmidhi narrated part of it and said that there is a break (inqita') in it.
