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المطالب العالية بزوائد المسانيد الثمانية
Al-Matalib al-'Aliyah
كتاب الخلافة والإمارة
Book of the Caliphate and Leadership
بَابُ كَرَاهِيَةِ الإمارة لِمَنْ لَمْ يقدر عَلَيْهَا
Chapter: The disapproval of leadership for one who is not capable of it
Al-Matalib al-'Aliyah 2099 — The disapproval of leadership for one
اُردوEn
وَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ : حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ نُمَيْرٍ ، ثَنَا فُضَيْلُ بْنُ غَزْوَانَ ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ الرَّاسِبِيِّ ، عَنْ بِشْرِ بْنِ عَاصِمٍ ، قَالَ : كَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ عَنْ عَهْدِهِ ، فَقَالَ : لَا حَاجَةَ لِي فِيهِ ، سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ : إِنَّ الْوُلَاةَ يُجَاءُ بِهِمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ فَيَقِفُونَ عَلَى جِسْرِ جَهَنَّمَ ، فَمَنْ كَانَ مُطَاوِعًا لِلهِ يُنَاوِلُهُ اللهُ بِيَمِينِهِ حَتَّى يُنْجِيَهُ وَمَنْ كَانَ عَاصِيًا لِلهِ انْخَرَقَ بِهِ الْجِسْرُ إِلَى وَادٍ مِنْ نَارٍ يَتَلَهَّبُ الْتِهَابًا قَالَ : فَأَرْسَلَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ إِلَى أَبِي ذَرٍّ وَإِلَى سَلْمَانَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا فَقَالَ لِأَبِي ذَرٍّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ : أَنْتَ سَمِعْتَ هَذَا مِنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ؟ قَالَ : نَعَمْ وَاللهِ ، وَبَعْدَ الْوَادِي وَادٍ آخَرُ مِنْ نَارٍ . قَالَ : وَسَأَلَ سَلْمَانَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ فَكَرِهَ أَنْ يُخْبِرَهُ بِشَيْءٍ ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ : مَنْ يَأْخُذُهَا بِمَا فِيهَا ؟ فَقَالَ أَبُو ذَرٍّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ : مَنْ سَلَبَ اللهُ عَيْنَهُ وَأَنْفَهُ وَأَصْدَعَ خَدَّهُ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ .
2099 \ 2 - وَقَالَ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ : ثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ ، بِهِ .
2099 \ 3 - وَقَالَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنِيعٍ : حَدَّثَنَا سُرَيْجُ بْنُ النُّعْمَانِ ، ثَنَا حَشْرَجُ بْنُ نُبَاتَةَ ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ حَبِيبٍ ، عَنْ بِشْرِ بْنِ عَاصِمٍ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ : بَعَثَ إِلَيْهِ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ أَنْ يَسْتَعِينَ بِهِ ، عَلَى بَعْضِ الصَّدَقَةِ ، فَأَبَى أَنْ يَعْمَلَ لَهُ فَقَالَ : لِمَ ؟ قَالَ : لِأَنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ : إِذَا كَانَ يَوْمُ الْقِيَامَةِ أُتِيَ بِالْوَالِي فَقُذِفَ عَلَى جِسْرِ جَهَنَّمَ ، فَيَأْمُرُ اللهُ تَعَالَى الْجِسْرَ ، فَيَنْهَضُ بِهِ انْتِهَاضَةً يَزُولُ عَنْهُ كُلُّ عَظْمٍ مِنْهُ عَنْ مَكَانِهِ ، ثُمَّ يَأْمُرُ اللهُ تَعَالَى الْعِظَامَ فَتَرْجِعُ إِلَى مَكَانِهَا ، فَإِنْ كَانَ لِلهِ مُطِيعًا أَخَذَ بِيَدِهِ وَأَعْطَاهُ كِفْلَيْنِ مِنْ رَحْمَتِهِ ، وَإِنْ كَانَ لِلهِ عَاصِيًا خُرِقَ بِهِ الْجِسْرُ فَهَوَى فِي جَهَنَّمَ سَبْعِينَ عَامًا ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ لَهُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ : سَمِعْتَ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَا لَمْ نَسْمَعْ ، وَكَانَ سَلْمَانُ وَأَبُو ذَرٍّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا جَالِسَيْنِ ، فَقَالَ سَلْمَانُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ : نَعَمْ وَاللهِ يَا عُمَرُ ، مَعَ السَّبْعِينَ سَبْعِينَ خَرِيفًا فِي وَادٍ مِنْ نَارٍ يَلْتَهِبُ الْتِهَابًا . فَقَالَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ بِيَدِهِ عَلَى جَبْهَتِهِ : إِنَّا لِلهِ وَإِنَّا إِلَيْهِ رَاجِعُونَ ، مَنْ يَأْخُذُهَا بِمَا فِيهَا ؟ فَقَالَ : مَنْ سَلَبَ اللهُ أَنْفَهُ وَأَلْصَقَ خَدَّهُ بِالْأَرْضِ .
2099 \ 4 - وَقَالَ عَبْدٌ : حَدَّثَنَا حَجَّاجُ بْنُ مِنْهَالٍ ، ثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ ، أَنَا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ الْعَيْزَارِ ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الشَّامِ قَالَ : إِنَّ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ ، أَرَادَ أَنْ يَسْتَعْمِلَ بِشْرَ بْنَ عَاصِمٍ ، فَقَالَ : لَا أَعْمَلُ لَكَ . قَالَ : لِمَ ؟ قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ : يُؤْتَى بِالْوَالِي فَيُوقَفُ عَلَى الصِّرَاطِ فَيَهْتَزُّ بِهِ حَتَّى يَزُولَ كُلُّ عُضْوٍ مِنْهُ عَنْ مَكَانِهِ ، فَإِنْ كَانَ عَدْلًا مَضَى ، وَإِنْ كَانَ جَائِرًا هَوَى فِي النَّارِ سَبْعِينَ خَرِيفًا . فَدَخَلَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ الْمَسْجِدَ وَهُوَ مُنْتَقِعُ اللَّوْنِ ، فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو ذَرٍّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ : مَا شَأْنُكَ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ؟ قَالَ : حَدِيثٌ حَدَّثَنِيهِ بِشْرُ بْنُ عَاصِمٍ . قَالَ : وَمَا هُوَ ؟ فَحَدَّثَهُ بِهِ . فَقَالَ أَبُو ذَرٍّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ : نَعَمْ لَقَدْ سَمِعْتُهُ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ . فَقَالَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ : فَمَنْ يَرْغَبُ فِي الْعَمَلِ بَعْدَ هَذَا ؟ فَقَالَ أَبُو ذَرٍّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ : مَنْ أَسْلَبَ اللهُ تَعَالَى أَنْفَهُ وَأَصْدَعَ خَدَّهُ .
قَالَ ابْنُ مَنْدَهْ : قَوْلُ مَنْ قَالَ فِيهِ : عَنْ بِشْرِ بْنِ عَاصِمٍ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ وَهْمٌ لَا يَصِحُّ .
وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ سُوَيْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ ، عَنْ أَبِي وَائِلٍ ، عَنْ بِشْرِ بْنِ عَاصِمٍ ، كَذَلِكَ أَخْرَجَهُ الطَّبَرَانِيُّ وَغَيْرُهُ . وَرَوَاهُ عَطَاءٌ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ سُفْيَانَ ، عَنْ بِشْرِ بْنِ عَاصِمٍ ، أَخْرَجَهُ ابْنُ مَنْدَهْ مِنْ طَرِيقِهِ .
فَهَذِهِ أَسَانِيدُ يُقَوِّي بَعْضُهَا بَعْضًا .
2099 \ 2 - وَقَالَ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ : ثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ ، بِهِ .
2099 \ 3 - وَقَالَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنِيعٍ : حَدَّثَنَا سُرَيْجُ بْنُ النُّعْمَانِ ، ثَنَا حَشْرَجُ بْنُ نُبَاتَةَ ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ حَبِيبٍ ، عَنْ بِشْرِ بْنِ عَاصِمٍ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ : بَعَثَ إِلَيْهِ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ أَنْ يَسْتَعِينَ بِهِ ، عَلَى بَعْضِ الصَّدَقَةِ ، فَأَبَى أَنْ يَعْمَلَ لَهُ فَقَالَ : لِمَ ؟ قَالَ : لِأَنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ : إِذَا كَانَ يَوْمُ الْقِيَامَةِ أُتِيَ بِالْوَالِي فَقُذِفَ عَلَى جِسْرِ جَهَنَّمَ ، فَيَأْمُرُ اللهُ تَعَالَى الْجِسْرَ ، فَيَنْهَضُ بِهِ انْتِهَاضَةً يَزُولُ عَنْهُ كُلُّ عَظْمٍ مِنْهُ عَنْ مَكَانِهِ ، ثُمَّ يَأْمُرُ اللهُ تَعَالَى الْعِظَامَ فَتَرْجِعُ إِلَى مَكَانِهَا ، فَإِنْ كَانَ لِلهِ مُطِيعًا أَخَذَ بِيَدِهِ وَأَعْطَاهُ كِفْلَيْنِ مِنْ رَحْمَتِهِ ، وَإِنْ كَانَ لِلهِ عَاصِيًا خُرِقَ بِهِ الْجِسْرُ فَهَوَى فِي جَهَنَّمَ سَبْعِينَ عَامًا ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ لَهُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ : سَمِعْتَ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَا لَمْ نَسْمَعْ ، وَكَانَ سَلْمَانُ وَأَبُو ذَرٍّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا جَالِسَيْنِ ، فَقَالَ سَلْمَانُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ : نَعَمْ وَاللهِ يَا عُمَرُ ، مَعَ السَّبْعِينَ سَبْعِينَ خَرِيفًا فِي وَادٍ مِنْ نَارٍ يَلْتَهِبُ الْتِهَابًا . فَقَالَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ بِيَدِهِ عَلَى جَبْهَتِهِ : إِنَّا لِلهِ وَإِنَّا إِلَيْهِ رَاجِعُونَ ، مَنْ يَأْخُذُهَا بِمَا فِيهَا ؟ فَقَالَ : مَنْ سَلَبَ اللهُ أَنْفَهُ وَأَلْصَقَ خَدَّهُ بِالْأَرْضِ .
2099 \ 4 - وَقَالَ عَبْدٌ : حَدَّثَنَا حَجَّاجُ بْنُ مِنْهَالٍ ، ثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ ، أَنَا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ الْعَيْزَارِ ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الشَّامِ قَالَ : إِنَّ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ ، أَرَادَ أَنْ يَسْتَعْمِلَ بِشْرَ بْنَ عَاصِمٍ ، فَقَالَ : لَا أَعْمَلُ لَكَ . قَالَ : لِمَ ؟ قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ : يُؤْتَى بِالْوَالِي فَيُوقَفُ عَلَى الصِّرَاطِ فَيَهْتَزُّ بِهِ حَتَّى يَزُولَ كُلُّ عُضْوٍ مِنْهُ عَنْ مَكَانِهِ ، فَإِنْ كَانَ عَدْلًا مَضَى ، وَإِنْ كَانَ جَائِرًا هَوَى فِي النَّارِ سَبْعِينَ خَرِيفًا . فَدَخَلَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ الْمَسْجِدَ وَهُوَ مُنْتَقِعُ اللَّوْنِ ، فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو ذَرٍّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ : مَا شَأْنُكَ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ؟ قَالَ : حَدِيثٌ حَدَّثَنِيهِ بِشْرُ بْنُ عَاصِمٍ . قَالَ : وَمَا هُوَ ؟ فَحَدَّثَهُ بِهِ . فَقَالَ أَبُو ذَرٍّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ : نَعَمْ لَقَدْ سَمِعْتُهُ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ . فَقَالَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ : فَمَنْ يَرْغَبُ فِي الْعَمَلِ بَعْدَ هَذَا ؟ فَقَالَ أَبُو ذَرٍّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ : مَنْ أَسْلَبَ اللهُ تَعَالَى أَنْفَهُ وَأَصْدَعَ خَدَّهُ .
قَالَ ابْنُ مَنْدَهْ : قَوْلُ مَنْ قَالَ فِيهِ : عَنْ بِشْرِ بْنِ عَاصِمٍ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ وَهْمٌ لَا يَصِحُّ .
وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ سُوَيْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ ، عَنْ أَبِي وَائِلٍ ، عَنْ بِشْرِ بْنِ عَاصِمٍ ، كَذَلِكَ أَخْرَجَهُ الطَّبَرَانِيُّ وَغَيْرُهُ . وَرَوَاهُ عَطَاءٌ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ سُفْيَانَ ، عَنْ بِشْرِ بْنِ عَاصِمٍ ، أَخْرَجَهُ ابْنُ مَنْدَهْ مِنْ طَرِيقِهِ .
فَهَذِهِ أَسَانِيدُ يُقَوِّي بَعْضُهَا بَعْضًا .
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Bishr bin Asim (may Allah be pleased with him) that Sayyiduna Umar al-Faruq (may Allah be pleased with him) wrote to him offering him a public office, but he refused to accept it and said: "I have no need of it, for I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say: 'On the Day of Resurrection the rulers will be brought and made to stand on the bridge over Hell. Whoever was obedient to Allah, Allah Almighty will take hold of him with His right hand (of power) and save him; and whoever was disobedient to Allah, the bridge will give way with him into a blazing valley of fire.'" It is narrated that Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) then sent for Sayyiduna Abu Dharr and Sayyiduna Salman (may Allah be pleased with them both) and asked Sayyiduna Abu Dharr (may Allah be pleased with him): "Did you hear this from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)?" He replied: "Yes, by Allah! And beyond that valley there is another valley of fire." Then he asked Sayyiduna Salman (may Allah be pleased with him), but he disliked telling him anything. At this Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Who will take it (this office) on, despite these dangerous consequences?" Sayyiduna Abu Dharr (may Allah be pleased with him) said (out of humility and in view of the gravity of the matter): "The one whose nose and eye Allah has taken away and whose cheek has been rubbed in the dust."
Al-Hasan bin Sufyan also narrated it likewise from Abu Bakr.
In the narration of Ahmad bin Mani', Sayyiduna Bishr bin Asim (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates from his father that Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) called on him for help in some matter of the sadaqah, but he refused to do the work. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) asked the reason, and he said that I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say: "On the Day of Resurrection, when the ruler is brought, he will be thrown onto the bridge over Hell. Then Allah Almighty will command the bridge and it will jolt him so violently that every bone of his will be displaced from its place; then Allah will command the bones and they will return to their places. If he was obedient to Allah, Allah will take him by the hand and grant him a double portion of His mercy; and if he was disobedient, the bridge will split open and he will keep falling into Hell for seventy years." Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "You heard from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) what we did not hear." At that time Sayyiduna Salman and Sayyiduna Abu Dharr (may Allah be pleased with them both) were sitting there. Sayyiduna Salman (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Yes, by Allah, O Umar! Along with those seventy years there are seventy more autumns (years) in a valley of fire that blazes continuously." At this Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) struck his forehead with his hand and said: "Inna lillahi wa inna ilayhi raji'un (We belong to Allah and to Him we return) [Surah al-Baqarah: 156]. Who will take it on with these dangerous consequences?" He replied: "Only the one whose nose Allah has cut off and whose cheek He has pressed to the ground."
In the narration of Abd bin Humayd, Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) wanted to make Bishr bin Asim a governor, but he refused and related the same hadith: that the ruler will be made to stand on al-Sirat (the bridge) and will be jolted so violently that every limb of his will move from its place; if he was just, he will pass over, and if he was unjust, he will keep falling into the Fire for seventy years. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) entered the mosque with the colour of his face changed (out of fear of Allah). Sayyiduna Abu Dharr (may Allah be pleased with him) asked: "O Commander of the Believers! What is the matter with you?" He said that Bishr bin Asim had told him a hadith, then he related that hadith to him, and Sayyiduna Abu Dharr (may Allah be pleased with him) confirmed that he too had heard it from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "After this, who would desire this work (of ruling)?" Sayyiduna Abu Dharr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "The one whose nose is in the dust and whose cheek is on the ground."
Imam Ibn Mandah says: The narrator who said "from Bishr bin Asim from his father" made an error (wahm), and it is not correct.
This hadith was narrated by Suwayd bin Abd al-Aziz from Abu Wa'il from Bishr bin Asim, and likewise Imam al-Tabarani and others recorded it. Also Ata narrated it from Abdullah bin Sufyan from Bishr bin Asim, which Ibn Mandah recorded with his own chain. So these are chains that strengthen one another.
Al-Hasan bin Sufyan also narrated it likewise from Abu Bakr.
In the narration of Ahmad bin Mani', Sayyiduna Bishr bin Asim (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates from his father that Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) called on him for help in some matter of the sadaqah, but he refused to do the work. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) asked the reason, and he said that I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say: "On the Day of Resurrection, when the ruler is brought, he will be thrown onto the bridge over Hell. Then Allah Almighty will command the bridge and it will jolt him so violently that every bone of his will be displaced from its place; then Allah will command the bones and they will return to their places. If he was obedient to Allah, Allah will take him by the hand and grant him a double portion of His mercy; and if he was disobedient, the bridge will split open and he will keep falling into Hell for seventy years." Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "You heard from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) what we did not hear." At that time Sayyiduna Salman and Sayyiduna Abu Dharr (may Allah be pleased with them both) were sitting there. Sayyiduna Salman (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Yes, by Allah, O Umar! Along with those seventy years there are seventy more autumns (years) in a valley of fire that blazes continuously." At this Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) struck his forehead with his hand and said: "Inna lillahi wa inna ilayhi raji'un (We belong to Allah and to Him we return) [Surah al-Baqarah: 156]. Who will take it on with these dangerous consequences?" He replied: "Only the one whose nose Allah has cut off and whose cheek He has pressed to the ground."
In the narration of Abd bin Humayd, Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) wanted to make Bishr bin Asim a governor, but he refused and related the same hadith: that the ruler will be made to stand on al-Sirat (the bridge) and will be jolted so violently that every limb of his will move from its place; if he was just, he will pass over, and if he was unjust, he will keep falling into the Fire for seventy years. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) entered the mosque with the colour of his face changed (out of fear of Allah). Sayyiduna Abu Dharr (may Allah be pleased with him) asked: "O Commander of the Believers! What is the matter with you?" He said that Bishr bin Asim had told him a hadith, then he related that hadith to him, and Sayyiduna Abu Dharr (may Allah be pleased with him) confirmed that he too had heard it from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "After this, who would desire this work (of ruling)?" Sayyiduna Abu Dharr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "The one whose nose is in the dust and whose cheek is on the ground."
Imam Ibn Mandah says: The narrator who said "from Bishr bin Asim from his father" made an error (wahm), and it is not correct.
This hadith was narrated by Suwayd bin Abd al-Aziz from Abu Wa'il from Bishr bin Asim, and likewise Imam al-Tabarani and others recorded it. Also Ata narrated it from Abdullah bin Sufyan from Bishr bin Asim, which Ibn Mandah recorded with his own chain. So these are chains that strengthen one another.
