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المطالب العالية بزوائد المسانيد الثمانية
Al-Matalib al-'Aliyah
كتاب الخلافة والإمارة
Book of the Caliphate and Leadership
بَابُ كَرَاهِيَةِ الإمارة لِمَنْ لَمْ يقدر عَلَيْهَا
Chapter: The disapproval of leadership for one who is not capable of it
Al-Matalib al-'Aliyah 2095 — The disapproval of leadership for one
اُردوEn
قَالَ إِسْحَاقُ : أَخْبَرَنَا عِيسَى بْنُ يُونُسَ ، وَجَرِيرٌ ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ مَيْسَرَةَ ، عَنْ طَارِقِ بْنِ شِهَابٍ ، عَنْ رَافِعِ بْنِ أَبِي رَافِعٍ الطَّائِيِّ ، قَالَ : لَمَّا كَانَتْ غَزْوَةُ ذَاتِ السَّلَاسِلِ بَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ جَيْشًا وَأَمَّرَ عَلَيْهِمْ عَمْرَو بْنَ الْعَاصِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ ، وَفِيهِمْ أَبُو بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ ، وَهِيَ الْغَزْوَةُ الَّتِي يَفْتَخِرُ بِهَا أَهْلُ الشَّامِ ، يَقُولُونَ : إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ اسْتَعْمَلَ عَمْرَو بْنَ الْعَاصِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ عَلَى جَيْشٍ فِيهِمْ أَبُو بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ ، وَأَمَرَهُمْ أَنْ يَسْتَنْفِرُوا مَنْ مَرُّوا بِهِ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ ، فَمَرُّوا بِنَا فِي دَارِنَا فَاسْتَنْفَرُونَا فَنَفَرْنَا مَعَهُمْ ، فَقُلْتُ : لَأَتَخَيَّرَنَّ لِنَفْسِي رَجُلًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَأَخْدُمُهُ وَأَتَعَلَّمُ مِنْهُ ، فَإِنِّي لَسْتُ أَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ آتِيَ الْمَدِينَةَ كُلَّمَا شِئْتُ ، فَتَخَيَّرْتُ أَبَا بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ فَصَحِبْتُهُ ، وَكَانَ لَهُ كِسَاءٌ فَدَكِيٌّ نَحُلُّهُ عَلَيْهِ إِذَا رَكِبَ ، نَلْبَسُهُ جَمِيعًا إِذَا نَزَلْنَا ، وَهُوَ الْكِسَاءُ الَّذِي عَيَّرَتْهُ بِهِ هَوَازِنُ فَقَالُوا : ذَا الْجِلَالِ نُتَابِعُ بَعْدَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَلَمَّا قَضَيْنَا غَزَاتَنَا رَجَعْنَا وَلَمْ أَسْأَلْهُ عَنْ شَيْءٍ ، قُلْتُ لَهُ : إِنِّي قَدْ صَحِبْتُكَ وَلِي عَلَيْكَ حَقٌّ ، وَلَمْ أَسْأَلْكَ عَنْ شَيْءٍ ، فَعَلِّمْنِي مَا يَنْفَعُنِي ; فَإِنِّي لَسْتُ أَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ آتِيَالْمَدِينَةَ كُلَّ سَبْتٍ . قَالَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ : قَدْ كَانَ فِي نَفْسِي ذَلِكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَذْكُرَهُ لِي ، اعْبُدِ اللهَ لَا تُشْرِكْ بِهِ شَيْئًا ، وَأَقِمِ الصَّلَاةَ الْمَكْتُوبَةَ ، وَآتِ الزَّكَاةَ الْمَفْرُوضَةَ ، وَحُجَّ الْبَيْتَ ، وَصُمْ رَمَضَانَ ، وَلَا تَأَمَّرَنَّ عَلَى رَجُلَيْنِ . قُلْتُ : أَمَّا الصَّلَاةُ وَالزَّكَاةُ فَقَدْ عَرَفْتُهَا ، وَأَمَّا الْإِمَارَةُ فَإِنَّمَا يُصِيبُ النَّاسُ الْخَيْرَ مِنَ الْإِمَارَةِ . قَالَ : إِنَّكَ قَدِ اسْتَجْهَدْتَنِي فَجَهَدْتُ لَكَ ، إِنَّ النَّاسَ دَخَلُوا فِي الْإِسْلَامِ طَوْعًا وَكَرْهًا فَأَجَارَهُمُ اللهُ مِنَ الظُّلْمِ ، فَهُمْ عُوَّاذُ اللهِ ، وَجِيرَانُ اللهِ ، وَفِي ذِمَّةِ اللهِ وَمَنْ يَظْلِمْ أَحَدًا مِنْهُمْ ، فَإِنَّمَا يَخْفِرُ رَبَّهُ ، وَاللهِ إِنَّ أَحَدَكُمْ لَتُؤْخَذُ شَاةُ جَارِهِ أَوْ بَعِيرُهُ فَيَظَلُّ بَاقِيَ عَفَلَتِهِ غَضَبًا لِجَارِهِ ، وَاللهُ مِنْ وَرَاءِ جَارِهِ . فَلَمَّا رَجَعْنَا إِلَى دِيَارِنَا وَقُبِضَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَبَايَعَ النَّاسُ أَبَا بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ وَاسْتُخْلِفَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ ، فَقُلْتُ : مَنِ اسْتُخْلِفَ بَعْدَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ؟ قَالُوا : صَاحِبُكَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ . فَأَتَيْتُ الْمَدِينَةَ فَلَمْ أَزَلْ أَتَعَرَّضُ لَهُ حَتَّى وَجَدْتُهُ خَالِيًا ، فَأَخَذْتُ بِيَدِهِ ، فَقُلْتُ : أَمَا تَعْرِفُنِي ؟ أَنَا صَاحِبُكَ . قَالَ : نَعَمْ . قُلْتُ : أَمَا تَحْفَظُ مَا قُلْتَ لِي لَا تَأَمَّرَنَّ عَلَى رَجُلَيْنِ ، وَتَأَمَّرْتَ عَلَى النَّاسِ ؟ قَالَ : إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ تُوُفِّيَ وَالنَّاسُ حَدِيثُ عَهْدٍ بِجَاهِلِيَّةٍ ، وَحَمَلَنِي أَصْحَابِي وَخَشِيتُ أَنْ يَرْتَدُّوا فَوَاللهِ مَا زَالَ يَعْتَذِرُ حَتَّى عَذَرْتُهُ .
وَزَادَ جَرِيرٌ فِيهِ : قَالَ : وَكُنْتُ أَسُوقُ الْغَنَمَ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ ، فَلَمْ يَزَلِ الْأَمْرُ بِي حَتَّى صِرْتُ عَرِيفًا فِي إِمَارَةِ الْحَجَّاجِ ، يَقُولُهَا رَافِعُ بْنُ أَبِي رَافِعٍ الطَّائِيُّ .
هَذَا حَدِيثٌ غَرِيبٌ ، وَسُلَيْمَانُ شَيْخُ الْأَعْمَشِ مَا عَرَفْتُهُ بَعْدُ ، وَقَدْ رَوَى أَحْمَدُ طَرَفًا مِنْهُ بِإِسْنَادٍ آخَرَ .
( 93 ) وَكَذَلِكَ حَدِيثُ زِيَادِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ الصُّدَائِيِّ .
وَزَادَ جَرِيرٌ فِيهِ : قَالَ : وَكُنْتُ أَسُوقُ الْغَنَمَ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ ، فَلَمْ يَزَلِ الْأَمْرُ بِي حَتَّى صِرْتُ عَرِيفًا فِي إِمَارَةِ الْحَجَّاجِ ، يَقُولُهَا رَافِعُ بْنُ أَبِي رَافِعٍ الطَّائِيُّ .
هَذَا حَدِيثٌ غَرِيبٌ ، وَسُلَيْمَانُ شَيْخُ الْأَعْمَشِ مَا عَرَفْتُهُ بَعْدُ ، وَقَدْ رَوَى أَحْمَدُ طَرَفًا مِنْهُ بِإِسْنَادٍ آخَرَ .
( 93 ) وَكَذَلِكَ حَدِيثُ زِيَادِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ الصُّدَائِيِّ .
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Rafi' bin Abi Rafi' al-Ta'i (may Allah be pleased with him) that when the time of the expedition of Dhat al-Salasil came, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) dispatched an army and appointed Sayyiduna Amr bin al-As (may Allah be pleased with him) as its commander, and Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) was also among them. This is the very expedition of which the people of Syria boast, saying that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) made Sayyiduna Amr bin al-As (may Allah be pleased with him) commander of an army in which Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) was also present. He (peace and blessings be upon him) had ordered them to take along for jihad any Muslim they met on the way. So they passed by our homes and called us too, and we set out with them. I said (to myself): "I will choose for myself one man from among the Companions of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) so that I may serve him and gain knowledge from him, for I could not come to Madinah whenever I wished." So I chose Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) and kept his company. He had a Fadaki cloak (kisa' fadaki) which he would wrap around himself when riding, and when we made camp we would all cover ourselves with it together. This was the very cloak for which the tribe of Hawazin taunted him, saying: "Shall we follow this man of the coarse cloak (dha al-jilal) after the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)?" When we had finished our expedition and turned back, I had not asked him anything (during the journey). Then I said to him: "I have been in your company and I have a right upon you; I have not asked you anything, so now teach me something that will benefit me, for I am not able to come to Madinah every week." He said: "This very thing was in my mind even before you mentioned it. Worship Allah and do not associate anything with Him, establish the obligatory prayer, pay the prescribed zakah, perform Hajj to the House, fast Ramadan, and never become the commander of even two men." I said: "As for prayer and zakah, I know them; but as for imarah (leadership), it is through leadership that people obtain good." He said: "You have asked me with full earnestness, so I too have answered you with full sincerity. People entered Islam both willingly and unwillingly, and Allah has granted them protection from injustice. They are under Allah's protection, Allah's neighbours, and in Allah's covenant; so whoever wrongs any one of them is, as it were, breaking the covenant of his Lord. By Allah! If the goat or camel of one of your neighbours is seized, he remains restless for the rest of his life out of anger for his neighbour's sake, and Allah is the greatest protector of His neighbour." Then, when we returned to our homes, and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) passed away, and the people gave their pledge to Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) and he was made caliph, I asked: "Who has been made caliph after the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)?" The people said: "That same companion of yours, Abu Bakr." So I came to Madinah and kept looking for an opportunity to meet him until I found him alone. I took his hand and said: "Do you recognise me? I am that same companion of yours." He said: "Yes." I said: "Do you not remember what you told me, that I should never become the commander of even two men, and now you have become the commander of the people?" He said: "When the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) passed away, the people had only recently come out of Jahiliyyah, and my companions placed this burden upon me, and I feared that the people might apostatise." By Allah! He kept apologising until I accepted his excuse.
And in Jarir's narration there is this addition, that Rafi' bin Abi Rafi' al-Ta'i (may Allah be pleased with him) says: "I used to herd goats in the Jahiliyyah; then circumstances kept changing until I became the overseer ('arif) of a settlement during the governorship of al-Hajjaj."
This hadith is gharib (unusual), and Sulayman, the teacher of al-A'mash, I have not yet been able to identify; and Imam Ahmad narrated part of it with another chain.
(93) And likewise is the hadith of Ziyad bin al-Harith al-Suda'i.
And in Jarir's narration there is this addition, that Rafi' bin Abi Rafi' al-Ta'i (may Allah be pleased with him) says: "I used to herd goats in the Jahiliyyah; then circumstances kept changing until I became the overseer ('arif) of a settlement during the governorship of al-Hajjaj."
This hadith is gharib (unusual), and Sulayman, the teacher of al-A'mash, I have not yet been able to identify; and Imam Ahmad narrated part of it with another chain.
(93) And likewise is the hadith of Ziyad bin al-Harith al-Suda'i.
