مجمع الزوائد ومنبع الفوائد
Majma' al-Zawa'id
كتاب التفسير
Book of Tafsir
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى : ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا ضَرَبْتُمْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فَتَبَيَّنُوا﴾
The saying of Allah the Exalted: "O you who believe, when you go forth in the cause of Allah, investigate"
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عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي حَدْرَدٍ قَالَ : بَعَثَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - إِلَى إِضَمٍ ، فَخَرَجْتُ فِي نَفَرٍ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فِيهِمْ أَبُو قَتَادَةَ الْحَارِثُ بْنُ رِبْعِيٍّ وَمُحَلِّمُ بْنُ جَثَّامَةَ بْنِ قَيْسٍ ، فَخَرَجْنَا حَتَّى إِذَا كُنَّا بِبَطْنِ إِضَمٍ مَرَّ بِنَا عَامِرُ بْنُ الْأَضْبَطِ الْأَشْجَعِيُّ عَلَى قَعُودٍ لَهُ ، مَعَهُ مَتِيعٌ وَوَطْبٌ مِنْ لَبَنٍ ، فَلَمْا مَرَّ بِنَا سَلَّمَ عَلَيْنَا فَأَمْسَكْنَا عَنْهُ ، وَحَمَلَ عَلَيْهِ مُحَلِّمُ بْنُ جَثَّامَةَ فَقَتَلَهُ بِشَيْءٍ كَانَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَهُ ، وَأَخَذَ بِعِيرَهُ وَمَتِيعَهُ ، فَلَمَّا قَدِمْنَا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - وَأَخْبَرْنَاهُ الْخَبَرَ نَزَلَ فِينَا الْقُرْآنُ يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا ضَرَبْتُمْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فَتَبَيَّنُوا وَلَا تَقُولُوا لِمَنْ أَلْقَى إِلَيْكُمُ السَّلَامَ لَسْتَ مُؤْمِنًا تَبْتَغُونَ عَرَضَ الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا فَعِنْدَ اللَّهِ مَغَانِمُ كَثِيرَةٌ كَذَلِكَ كُنْتُمْ مِنْ قَبْلُ فَمَنَّ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكُمْ فَتَبَيَّنُوا إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ خَبِيرًا . رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ وَالطَّبَرَانِيُّ ، وَرِجَالُهُ ثِقَاتٌ .
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abi Hadrad (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated: The Messenger of Allah sent us towards Idam. I set out with a group of Muslims, among whom were Sayyiduna Abu Qatadah al-Harith bin Rib'i (may Allah be pleased with him) and Sayyiduna Muhallim bin Jaththamah bin Qays (may Allah be pleased with him). We set out, and when we reached the valley of Idam, Amir bin al-Adbat al-Ashja'i passed by us. He was riding his mount, and he had some belongings and a skin of milk with him. When he passed by us, he greeted us with salam. We held back from him, but Muhallim bin Jaththamah attacked him and killed him, because of something that was between the two of them, and he took the man's camel and his belongings. When we came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), we informed him about this, and this command of the Qur'an was revealed about us:
"O you who believe! When you travel in the way of Allah, verify matters, and do not say to the one who greets you with salam, 'You are not a believer,' seeking the goods of the worldly life, while with Allah Almighty there are abundant spoils. You too were like this before, then Allah Almighty bestowed His favour upon you, so verify matters. Indeed, Allah Almighty is well aware of what you do."
Ahmad and al-Tabarani recorded it, and its narrators are thiqat (trustworthy).
"O you who believe! When you travel in the way of Allah, verify matters, and do not say to the one who greets you with salam, 'You are not a believer,' seeking the goods of the worldly life, while with Allah Almighty there are abundant spoils. You too were like this before, then Allah Almighty bestowed His favour upon you, so verify matters. Indeed, Allah Almighty is well aware of what you do."
Ahmad and al-Tabarani recorded it, and its narrators are thiqat (trustworthy).
وَعَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ - رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا - قَالَ : بَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - سَرِيَّةً فِيهَا الْمِقْدَادُ بْنُ الْأَسْوَدِ ، فَلَمَّا وَجَدُوا الْقَوْمَ وَجَدُوهُمْ قَدْ تَفَرَّقُوا ، وَبَقِيَ رَجُلٌ لَهُ مَالٌ كَثِيرٌ لَمْ يَبْرَحْ فَقَالَ : أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ ، فَأَهْوَى إِلَيْهِ الْمِقْدَادُ فَقَتَلَهُ . فَقَالَ لَهُ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ : أَقَتَلْتَ رَجُلًا يَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ ، لَأَذْكُرَنَّ ذَلِكَ لِلنَّبِيِّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - فَلَمَّا قَدِمُوا عَلَى النَّبِيِّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - قَالُوا : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، إِنَّ رَجُلًا شَهِدَ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ فَقَتَلَهُ الْمِقْدَادُ ، فَقَالَ : " ادْعُ لِيَ الْمِقْدَادَ ، يَا مِقْدَادُ أَقَتَلْتَ رَجُلًا يَقُولُ : لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ ، فَكَيْفَ لَكَ بِلَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ غَدًا ؟ " . قَالَ : فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ - تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى - : ( يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا ضَرَبْتُمْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فَتَبَيَّنُوا وَلَا تَقُولُوا لِمَنْ أَلْقَى إِلَيْكُمُ السَّلَامَ لَسْتَ مُؤْمِنًا تَبْتَغُونَ عَرَضَ الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا فَعِنْدَ اللَّهِ مَغَانِمُ كَثِيرَةٌ كَذَلِكَ كُنْتُمْ مِنْ قَبْلُ ) فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - لِلْمِقْدَادِ : " كَانَ رَجُلًا مُؤْمِنًا يُخْفِي إِيمَانَهُ مَعَ قَوْمٍ كُفَّارٍ ، فَأَظْهَرَ إِيمَانَهُ فَقَتَلْتَهُ ، وَكَذَلِكَ كُنْتَ تُخْفِي إِيمَانَكَ بِمَكَّةَ مِنْ قَبْلُ " . رَوَاهُ الْبَزَّارُ ، وَإِسْنَادُهُ جَيِّدٌ .
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrated: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) dispatched a military expedition, which included Sayyiduna al-Miqdad bin al-Aswad (may Allah be pleased with him). When they reached the enemy, they saw that those people had scattered here and there, and one man who had a great deal of wealth remained; he had not left. That man said: "I bear witness that there is no god but Allah Almighty." Sayyiduna al-Miqdad (may Allah be pleased with him) advanced towards him and killed him. One of his companions said to him: "Have you killed a man who bears witness that there is no god but Allah Almighty? I will certainly mention this to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him)." When they came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), they said: "O Messenger of Allah! A man bore witness that there is no god but Allah Almighty, and still Sayyiduna al-Miqdad (may Allah be pleased with him) killed him." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Call al-Miqdad to me! O Miqdad! Did you kill a man who was saying 'La ilaha illallah' (There is no god but Allah)? What will be your argument tomorrow against 'La ilaha illallah'?"
The narrator said: Then Allah Almighty revealed this verse: "O you who believe! When you travel in the way of Allah, verify matters, and do not say to the one who greets you with salam, 'You are not a believer,' seeking the goods of the worldly life, while with Allah Almighty there are abundant spoils. You too were like this before." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said to Sayyiduna al-Miqdad (may Allah be pleased with him): "He was a believing man who was concealing his faith while living among a disbelieving people. Then he made his faith known, and still you killed him, whereas before this you too used to conceal your faith in Makkah."
Al-Bazzar recorded it, and its chain is jayyid (good).
The narrator said: Then Allah Almighty revealed this verse: "O you who believe! When you travel in the way of Allah, verify matters, and do not say to the one who greets you with salam, 'You are not a believer,' seeking the goods of the worldly life, while with Allah Almighty there are abundant spoils. You too were like this before." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said to Sayyiduna al-Miqdad (may Allah be pleased with him): "He was a believing man who was concealing his faith while living among a disbelieving people. Then he made his faith known, and still you killed him, whereas before this you too used to conceal your faith in Makkah."
Al-Bazzar recorded it, and its chain is jayyid (good).
