مجمع الزوائد ومنبع الفوائد
Majma' al-Zawa'id
كتاب المغازي والسير
Book of Military Expeditions and Biography
بَابٌ فِي أَوَّلِ أَمِيرٍ كَانَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ
The first commander in Islam
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عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ قَالَ : لَمَّا قَدِمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - الْمَدِينَةَ جَاءَتْ جُهَيْنَةُ ، فَقَالُوا : إِنَّكَ قَدْ نَزَلْتَ بَيْنَ أَظْهُرِنَا فَأَوْثِقْ لَنَا حَتَّى نَأْتِيَكَ تُؤَمِّنُنَا ، فَأَوْثَقَ لَهُمْ فَأَسْلَمُوا .
قَالَ : فَبَعَثَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - فِي رَجَبٍ وَلَا نَكُونُ مِائَةً ، وَأَمَرَنَا أَنْ نُغِيرَ عَلَى حَيٍّ مِنْ بَنِي كِنَانَةَ إِلَى جَنْبِ جُهَيْنَةَ ، فَأَغَرْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ ، وَكَانُوا كَثِيرًا فَلَجَأْنَا إِلَى جُهَيْنَةَ فَمَنَعُونَا ، وَقَالُوا : لِمَ تُقَاتِلُونَ فِي الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ ؟ فَقُلْنَا : إِنَّا إِنَّمَا نُقَاتِلُ مَنْ أَخْرَجَنَا مِنَ الْبَلَدِ الْحَرَامِ فِي الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ ، فَقَالَ بَعْضُنَا لِبَعْضٍ : مَا تَرَوْنَ ؟ فَقَالَ بَعْضُنَا : نَأْتِي النَّبِيَّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - فَنُخْبِرُهُ ، وَقَالَ قَوْمٌ : لَا بَلْ نُقِيمُ هَاهُنَا ، وَقُلْتُ أَنَا فِي أُنَاسٍ مَعِي : لَا بَلْ نَأْتِي عِيرَ قُرَيْشٍ فَنَقْتَطِعُهَا ، فَانْطَلَقْنَا إِلَى الْعِيرِ وَكَانَ الْفَيْءُ إِذْ ذَاكَ : مَنْ أَخَذَ شَيْئًا فَهُوَ لَهُ ، فَانْطَلَقْنَا إِلَى الْعِيرِ ، وَانْطَلَقَ أَصْحَابُنَا إِلَى النَّبِيِّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - فَأَخْبَرُوهُ الْخَبَرَ فَقَامَ غَضْبَانَ مُحْمَرَّ الْوَجْهِ ، فَقَالَ : " أَذَهَبْتُمْ مِنْ عِنْدِي جَمِيعًا وَجِئْتُمْ مُتَفَرِّقِينَ ، إِنَّمَا أَهْلَكَ مَنْ كَانَ قَبْلَكُمُ الْفُرْقَةُ ، لَأَبْعَثَنَّ عَلَيْكُمْ رَجُلًا لَيْسَ بِخَيْرِكُمْ أَصْبَرَكُمْ عَلَى الْجُوعِ وَالْعَطَشِ " . فَبَعَثَ عَلَيْنَا عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ جَحْشٍ ، فَكَانَ أَوَّلَ أَمِيرٍ كَانَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ . رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ ، وَرَوَاهُ ابْنُهُ عَنْهُ وِجَادَةً ، وَوَصَلَهُ عَنْ غَيْرِ أَبِيهِ ، وَرَوَاهُ الْبَزَّارُ ، وَلَفْظُهُ عَنْ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ : أَوَّلُ أَمِيرٍ عُقِدَ لَهُ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَحْشٍ عَقَدَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - عَلَيْنَا .
وَفِيهِ الْمُجَالِدُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ ، وَهُوَ ضَعِيفٌ عِنْدَ الْجُمْهُورِ ، وَوَثَّقَهُ النَّسَائِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةٍ ، وَبَقِيَّةُ رِجَالِ أَحْمَدَ رِجَالُ الصَّحِيحِ .
قَالَ : فَبَعَثَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - فِي رَجَبٍ وَلَا نَكُونُ مِائَةً ، وَأَمَرَنَا أَنْ نُغِيرَ عَلَى حَيٍّ مِنْ بَنِي كِنَانَةَ إِلَى جَنْبِ جُهَيْنَةَ ، فَأَغَرْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ ، وَكَانُوا كَثِيرًا فَلَجَأْنَا إِلَى جُهَيْنَةَ فَمَنَعُونَا ، وَقَالُوا : لِمَ تُقَاتِلُونَ فِي الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ ؟ فَقُلْنَا : إِنَّا إِنَّمَا نُقَاتِلُ مَنْ أَخْرَجَنَا مِنَ الْبَلَدِ الْحَرَامِ فِي الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ ، فَقَالَ بَعْضُنَا لِبَعْضٍ : مَا تَرَوْنَ ؟ فَقَالَ بَعْضُنَا : نَأْتِي النَّبِيَّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - فَنُخْبِرُهُ ، وَقَالَ قَوْمٌ : لَا بَلْ نُقِيمُ هَاهُنَا ، وَقُلْتُ أَنَا فِي أُنَاسٍ مَعِي : لَا بَلْ نَأْتِي عِيرَ قُرَيْشٍ فَنَقْتَطِعُهَا ، فَانْطَلَقْنَا إِلَى الْعِيرِ وَكَانَ الْفَيْءُ إِذْ ذَاكَ : مَنْ أَخَذَ شَيْئًا فَهُوَ لَهُ ، فَانْطَلَقْنَا إِلَى الْعِيرِ ، وَانْطَلَقَ أَصْحَابُنَا إِلَى النَّبِيِّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - فَأَخْبَرُوهُ الْخَبَرَ فَقَامَ غَضْبَانَ مُحْمَرَّ الْوَجْهِ ، فَقَالَ : " أَذَهَبْتُمْ مِنْ عِنْدِي جَمِيعًا وَجِئْتُمْ مُتَفَرِّقِينَ ، إِنَّمَا أَهْلَكَ مَنْ كَانَ قَبْلَكُمُ الْفُرْقَةُ ، لَأَبْعَثَنَّ عَلَيْكُمْ رَجُلًا لَيْسَ بِخَيْرِكُمْ أَصْبَرَكُمْ عَلَى الْجُوعِ وَالْعَطَشِ " . فَبَعَثَ عَلَيْنَا عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ جَحْشٍ ، فَكَانَ أَوَّلَ أَمِيرٍ كَانَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ . رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ ، وَرَوَاهُ ابْنُهُ عَنْهُ وِجَادَةً ، وَوَصَلَهُ عَنْ غَيْرِ أَبِيهِ ، وَرَوَاهُ الْبَزَّارُ ، وَلَفْظُهُ عَنْ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ : أَوَّلُ أَمِيرٍ عُقِدَ لَهُ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَحْشٍ عَقَدَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - عَلَيْنَا .
وَفِيهِ الْمُجَالِدُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ ، وَهُوَ ضَعِيفٌ عِنْدَ الْجُمْهُورِ ، وَوَثَّقَهُ النَّسَائِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةٍ ، وَبَقِيَّةُ رِجَالِ أَحْمَدَ رِجَالُ الصَّحِيحِ .
Sayyiduna Sa'd bin Abi Waqqas (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: When the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) came to Madinah, the people of the Juhaynah tribe came and said: "You have settled in our midst, so make a pact with us so that we can come to you in a state of security." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) made an agreement with them, and they accepted Islam. Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) sent us out in the month of Rajab; we were not even a hundred men. He ordered us to raid the Kinanah tribe, which was next to the Juhaynah tribe. We attacked those people, but they were many, so we went to the Juhaynah tribe for refuge. They stopped us and said: "Why are you fighting in the sacred month?" We said: "We are fighting those who drove us out of the sacred city in the sacred month." They said to one another: "What is your view about this?" One of them said: "Let us go to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and inform the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) about this." Others said: "No! Rather, we will stay right here." I said to the people with me: "No! Rather, let us go to the caravan of Quraysh and intercept it on the way." So we went towards the caravan. In those days the rule of the spoils was that whatever a person took would be his. We went towards the caravan, and our companions went to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and informed him about this. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) stood up in anger, his face red, and said: "You went from me together, and now you come back scattered? Division is what destroyed those before you. Now I will send over you as commander a man who is not the best of you, but he is the most patient of you in bearing hunger and thirst." Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) appointed Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Jahsh (may Allah be pleased with him) as our commander, and he was the first commander to be appointed in Islam.
Ahmad recorded it; from him,
his son recorded it as "wijadah" (from a written record), and recorded it from someone other than his father as a "mawsul" (connected) narration. Al-Bazzar also recorded this narration, and his wording is: "Sayyiduna Sa'id (may Allah be pleased with him) (or Sayyiduna Sa'd (may Allah be pleased with him)) narrates: The first commander appointed in Islam was Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Jahsh (may Allah be pleased with him); the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) appointed him as our commander." The chain of this narration contains a narrator, Mujalid bin Sa'id, who is da'if (weak) according to the majority; according to one report, al-Nasa'i (may Allah have mercy on him) declared him thiqah (trustworthy). The remaining narrators of Ahmad are the narrators of the Sahih.
Ahmad recorded it; from him,
his son recorded it as "wijadah" (from a written record), and recorded it from someone other than his father as a "mawsul" (connected) narration. Al-Bazzar also recorded this narration, and his wording is: "Sayyiduna Sa'id (may Allah be pleased with him) (or Sayyiduna Sa'd (may Allah be pleased with him)) narrates: The first commander appointed in Islam was Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Jahsh (may Allah be pleased with him); the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) appointed him as our commander." The chain of this narration contains a narrator, Mujalid bin Sa'id, who is da'if (weak) according to the majority; according to one report, al-Nasa'i (may Allah have mercy on him) declared him thiqah (trustworthy). The remaining narrators of Ahmad are the narrators of the Sahih.
وَعَنْ زِرٍّ قَالَ : أَوَّلُ رَايَةٍ رُفِعَتْ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ رَايَةُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَحْشٍ ، وَأَوَّلُ مَالٍ خُمِّسَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ ، مَالُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَحْشٍ . رَوَاهُمَا الطَّبَرَانِيُّ بِإِسْنَادٍ وَاحِدٍ ، وَهُوَ إِسْنَادٌ حَسَنٌ .
Zirr bin Hubaysh narrates: The first banner raised in Islam was the banner of Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Jahsh (may Allah be pleased with him), and the first wealth from which the khums (one-fifth) was taken in Islam was the wealth brought by Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Jahsh (may Allah be pleased with him) (or the wealth that Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Jahsh (may Allah be pleased with him) received as khums). Al-Tabarani recorded both these narrations with a single chain, and that chain is hasan (good).
