Further reports on zakah

Sayyiduna Amr bin Hazm (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) wrote a letter to the people of Yemen containing rulings on obligatory duties, sunnahs and blood money, and he sent that letter with Sayyiduna Amr bin Hazm (may Allah be pleased with him). The letter was read out to the people of Yemen, and its wording is this: "In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. This is from Sayyiduna Muhammad, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), to Shurahbil bin Abd Kulal, al-Harith bin Abd Kulal and Nu'aym bin Abd Kulal, the chiefs of Dhu Ru'ayn, Ma'afir and Hamdan. To proceed: Your messenger has returned. Of the spoils of war you have been given, one fifth belongs to Allah Almighty; and there is what Allah Almighty has made obligatory upon the believers of the tithe ('ushr) on the produce of land: land that is watered by rain, or that has springs, or that is rain-fed (that is, any land watered naturally), the tithe is due on it when its produce reaches five wasq. On every five grazing (sa'imah) camels one goat is due, until they reach twenty-four. If they exceed twenty-four by even one, a bint makhad is due; if a bint makhad is not found, then a male ibn labun is due; this ruling holds up to thirty-five. If they exceed thirty-five by even one, a bint labun is due; this ruling holds up to forty-five. If they exceed forty-five by even one, a hiqqah is due, one fit to be mated; this ruling holds up to sixty. If they exceed sixty by even one, a jadha'ah is due, until they reach seventy-five. If they exceed seventy-five by even one, two bint labun are due, until they reach ninety. If they exceed that by even one, two hiqqahs are due, fit to be mated; this ruling holds up to one hundred and twenty. If they exceed one hundred and twenty, then in every forty one bint labun is due, and in every fifty one hiqqah fit to be mated. In every thirty cows one cow is due, a jadha' or a jadha'ah; and in every forty cows one cow is due. In every forty goats one goat is due, until they reach one hundred and twenty; if they exceed one hundred and twenty by even one, two goats are due, until they reach two hundred; if they exceed that by even one, three goats are due, until they reach three hundred; if they exceed that, then one goat is due in every hundred goats. No animal shall be taken in zakah that is a muhaffalah (a female animal left unmilked for some days so that it appears to give much milk), or that is old, lame, one-eyed, or a male goat. (For the collection of zakah,) scattered wealth shall not be combined, and combined wealth shall not be separated; zakah shall be collected in a good manner. Whatever is taken from two partners shall be settled between them equally. On five uqiyah of silver, five dirhams are due; on whatever exceeds that, one dirham in every forty dirhams; and on silver less than five uqiyah, nothing is due. On every forty dinars one dinar is due. Sadaqah (that is, zakah) is not lawful for Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) or for his household; it is zakah by which those people's selves are purified, and it is for the poor believers and in the way of Allah. Nothing is due on slaves, nor on a farm, nor on its workers, when its zakah has been paid from the tithe ('ushr). And nothing is due on a Muslim's slave or on his horse." The letter also contained: "On the Day of Resurrection, the greatest of the major sins in the sight of Allah Almighty are: associating partners with Allah, killing a believing soul unjustly, fleeing from the battlefield in the way of Allah, disobedience to parents, slandering a chaste woman, learning magic, consuming usury (riba), and consuming the wealth of an orphan. Umrah is the lesser Hajj. Only a person in a state of ablution shall touch the Qur'an. There is no divorce before ownership is acquired, and a slave cannot be freed until you have bought him. None of you should pray in a single garment in such a state that one of his sides is exposed, and none of you should pray with his hair tied in a bun."
(Allamah al-Haythami says:) I say: After this he mentioned the complete hadith, and part of this narration was also recorded by al-Nasa'i (may Allah have mercy on him).
Al-Tabarani recorded it in al-Mu'jam al-Kabir; its chain contains a narrator, Sulayman bin Dawud al-Harasi, whom Ahmad declared thiqah (trustworthy), while Yahya bin Ma'in criticised him. Ahmad says: This hadith is sahih (authentic). I say: The rest of its narrators are thiqat (trustworthy).

Sayyiduna Malik bin Aws (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: I was in the mosque when Sayyiduna Abu Dharr al-Ghifari (may Allah be pleased with him) entered the mosque and offered two rak'ahs beside a pillar. Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) asked him: "How are you?" Then he turned away and began reciting the surah "Alhakumu al-takathur" (Competition in worldly increase diverts you). He was a man with a powerful voice; he recited loudly, and the mosque resounded. Then he turned towards the people, and I said: O Abu Dharr al-Ghifari (the narrator is unsure; perhaps the words are: the people said to him): "Narrate to us a hadith which you heard from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him)." He said: I heard the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) say: "Zakah is due on camels, and zakah is due on goats." The narrator Abu Asim says: I think he also said: "Zakah is due on cows, zakah is due on wheat, and zakah is due on gold, silver and unwrought gold. Whoever gathers wealth and does not spend it in the way of Allah, on those in debt, and on travellers, it will be a cause of branding for him on the Day of Resurrection." I said: "O Abu Dharr al-Ghifari, fear Allah Almighty and consider what you are saying, for wealth has become abundant in people's hands." He said: "O my nephew, state your lineage to me." I stated my lineage to him, and he said: "I have recognised your lineage. Have you read the Qur'an?" I replied: "Yes." He said: "Then recite this verse: 'Those who hoard gold and silver and do not spend it in the way of Allah.'" He recited it to the end of the verse, then said: "Then understand."
Al-Bazzar recorded it in full, and Ahmad recorded part of it; its chain contains a narrator, Musa bin Ubaydah al-Rabadhi, who is da'if (weak).

Sayyiduna Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) established as Sunnah that on land watered by the sky (that is, rain) or by springs, the tithe ('ushr) is due, and on land watered by bringing water on camels, half the tithe is due.
Al-Bazzar recorded it, and its narrators are thiqat (trustworthy).

Qaz'ah narrates: I came to Sayyiduna Abu Sa'id al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him), and many people were with him. When the people had left him, I said to him: "I will not ask you about the thing these (people) were asking you about." The narrator says: I asked him about zakah, and he replied — the narrator says: I do not know whether he attributed this to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) or not — (he said:) "In one hundred dirhams, five dirhams are due. In forty goats, one goat is due; this ruling applies up to one hundred and twenty. If they increase by even one, then up to two hundred, two goats are due. If they increase, then up to three hundred, three goats are due. If they increase further, then in every hundred one goat is due. In camels: in five, one goat is due; in ten, two goats are due; in fifteen, three goats are due; in twenty, four goats are due; in twenty-five, one bint makhad (a one-year-old she-camel) is due, and this ruling applies up to thirty-five. If they increase by even one, then up to forty-five one bint labun (a two-year-old she-camel) is due. If they increase by even one, then up to sixty one hiqqah (a three-year-old she-camel) is due. If they increase by even one, then up to seventy-five one jadha'ah (a four-year-old she-camel) is due. If they increase by even one, then up to ninety two bint labun are due. If they increase by even one, then up to one hundred and twenty two hiqqahs are due. If they increase by even one, then in every fifty one hiqqah is due, and in every forty one bint labun is due."
Ahmad recorded it; its narrators are the narrators of the Sahih.

Sayyiduna Anas bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) wrote this to his officials concerning the rules of the obligatory charities: "From forty goats up to one hundred and twenty, (one goat is due). If they increase by even one, then up to two hundred two goats are due. If they increase by even one, then up to three hundred three (goats are due). If the goats become more, then in every hundred goats one goat is due." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) wrote concerning the zakah of cattle: In every thirty cows one jadha'ah is due, and in every forty cows one musinnah (a two-year-old cow) is due. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) wrote concerning the zakah of camels: In five camels one goat is due, in ten camels two goats, in fifteen camels three goats, in twenty camels four goats, and in twenty-five camels one bint makhad is due; this ruling applies up to thirty-five. If they increase by even one, then up to forty-five one bint labun is due. If they increase by even one, then one hiqqah is due, one that is fit to be mated; this ruling applies up to sixty. If they increase by even one, then up to seventy-five one jadha'ah is due. If they increase by even one, then up to ninety two bint labun are due. If they increase by even one, then up to one hundred and twenty two hiqqahs are due. If the camels become more, then in every fifty one hiqqah is due, and in every forty one bint labun is due.
Al-Tabarani recorded both of these narrations in al-Mu'jam al-Awsat from Muhammad bin Isma'il bin Abdullah, from his father, and I do not know either of them; the rest of its narrators are thiqat (trustworthy).

Sayyiduna Mu'adh bin Jabal (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) did not give me any instruction concerning the "awqas" of cattle (the explanation of this will come in the next narration).
Ahmad recorded it; its narrators are the narrators of the Sahih. (Allamah al-Haythami says:) I say: However, this narration is mursal, because Tawus narrated it from Sayyiduna Mu'adh (may Allah be pleased with him), and Tawus did not hear from him.

Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrates: When the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) sent Sayyiduna Mu'adh (may Allah be pleased with him) to Yemen, he ordered him to collect from every thirty cows a tabi' or tabi'ah (a one-year-old male or female calf), or a jadha' or jadha'ah, and from every forty cows a musinnah. The people said: "What is the ruling on the 'awqas'?" Sayyiduna Mu'adh (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) gave me no instruction about them. When I go to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), I will ask him." When he came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and asked him about this, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Nothing is due on them." The narrator says: Al-Mas'udi says: "Awqas" means the number between thirty and forty, or between forty and sixty.
Al-Bazzar recorded it and said: No one corroborated Baqiyyah in narrating it as marfu' (attributed to the Prophet) except al-Hasan bin Umarah, and the narrator al-Hasan is da'if (weak). This narration has also been reported from Tawus as a mursal narration.

Nafi' narrates that he read the letter of Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) (in which it was written): "Nothing is due on fewer than five camels. When they reach five, then up to nine one goat is due. When they reach ten, then up to fourteen two goats are due. When they reach fifteen, three goats are due on them; this ruling applies up to nineteen. When they reach twenty, then up to twenty-four four goats are due. When they reach twenty-five, then up to thirty-five one bint makhad is due. When they increase, then up to forty-five one bint labun is due. When they increase, then up to sixty one hiqqah is due. When they increase, then up to ninety two bint labun are due. When they increase, then up to one hundred and twenty two hiqqahs are due. When they increase, then in every fifty one hiqqah is due, and in every forty one bint labun is due. Nothing is due on fewer than forty goats. When they reach forty, then up to one hundred and twenty one goat is due. When they increase, then up to two hundred two goats are due. When they exceed two hundred, then up to three hundred three goats are due. If they exceed even three hundred, then in every hundred one goat is due."
Abu Ya'la recorded it as a wijadah (a report taken from a found document), as you see it, and its narrators are thiqat (trustworthy).

Sayyiduna al-Mughirah bin Shu'bah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: Sayyiduna Uthman bin Abi al-As (may Allah be pleased with him) related this, when he was a young man: We came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) as a delegation. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) found that I knew more of the Qur'an than all of them, to the extent that, of all of them, only I knew Surah al-Baqarah. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "I appoint you as the leader of your companions, even though you are the youngest of them in age. When you lead people in prayer, lead them according to the weakest among them, for behind you will be the old, the young, the weak and people with needs to attend to. When you collect zakah, do not take a pregnant animal, nor an animal kept to provide milk for one's own use, nor the male goat. As for the animal a man has raised for his own eating, he has more right to it than you. Touch the Qur'an only in a state of ablution. And know that Umrah is the lesser Hajj, that an Umrah is better than the world and everything in it, and that performing Hajj is better still than Umrah."
(Allamah al-Haythami says:) I say: The account about leading the prayer from this is reported in the Sahih.
Al-Tabarani recorded it in al-Mu'jam al-Kabir. Its chain contains Hisham bin Sulayman, whom a group of the Imams declared da'if (weak), while Imam al-Bukhari (may Allah have mercy on him) declared him thiqah (trustworthy).

Sayyiduna Salamah bin al-Akwa' (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Thirty camels are excellent: one of them goes out in their zakah, one of them is loaded and ridden in the path of Allah Almighty, and one of them is given as a gift. They are better than forty, fifty, sixty, eighty, ninety and a hundred. And woe to the owner of a hundred camels because of the hundred."
Al-Tabarani recorded it in al-Mu'jam al-Kabir. Its chain contains Ibn Lahi'ah, and he has been criticised.

Ya'la bin al-Ashdaq narrates: I met several of the Companions of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), among them Sayyiduna Ruqad bin Rabi'ah (may Allah be pleased with him). He narrates: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) collected from us, among goats, one goat from a hundred goats, and if they were more, two goats.
Al-Tabarani recorded it in al-Mu'jam al-Kabir. Its chain contains Ahmad bin Kathir al-Bajali, and I have not found anyone who mentions him; the narrator Ya'la is matruk (abandoned).

Sufyan bin Abdullah narrates: Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) sent a man to collect zakah, and he said: "You are to count even the newborn young among the animals." The people said: "He has counted even the newborn young against us, but did not take it in zakah." When that man came to Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) and mentioned this to Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said to him: "Yes! The newborn young that the shepherd carries along will be counted against them, but the zakah collector will not take it in zakah. Nor will he take an animal that has been raised for one's own eating or to provide milk for oneself, nor a pregnant one, nor the male goat. He will take the jadha'ah and the thaniyyah, and (instead of the finest or the very poorest property) he will take property of middle grade."
Al-Tabarani recorded it in al-Mu'jam al-Kabir. Its chain contains a narrator who is not named, and the rest of its narrators are thiqat (trustworthy).

Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrates that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "No zakah is due on cattle used for ploughing the fields. Rather, in every thirty one tabi' is due, and in every forty one musinn or musinnah is due."
Al-Tabarani recorded it in al-Mu'jam al-Kabir. Its chain contains Layth bin Abi Sulaym; he is thiqah (trustworthy), but he is a mudallis (one who conceals defects in the chain).

Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) says: In twenty-five camels a bint makhad is due; if that is not available, then a male ibn labun (a two-year-old male camel) is due.
Al-Tabarani recorded it in al-Mu'jam al-Kabir. The narrator Abu Ubaydah did not hear from his father (Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him)).

Al-Dahhak bin al-Nu'man bin Sa'd narrates: Sayyiduna Masruq bin Wa'il (may Allah be pleased with him) came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) in Madinah, at the place called "al-Aqiq". He accepted Islam and his Islam was excellent. He said: "O Messenger of Allah! I would like you to send someone to my people to invite them to Islam, and that you write a letter for me addressed to my people; perhaps Allah Almighty will guide them." So the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) instructed Sayyiduna Mu'awiyah (may Allah be pleased with him): "Write a letter for him!" So he wrote him the letter: "In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. This is to the chiefs of Hadramawt: that the prayer be established and zakah be paid, and that charity (that is, zakah) is due on the tiy'ah (that is, forty goats) and the tiymah (according to one view this means the goats exceeding forty until their number reaches the next obligatory amount, and according to another view it means the goat kept at home to provide milk for personal use). On suyub (wealth buried in the time of Jahiliyyah, if someone finds it) one fifth is due, and on rain-fed land (on its produce) one tenth is due. There is to be no khilat and no wirat, no shighar and no shinaq, no janab, nor is it to be brought; and two camels are not to be tied together in one rope. Whoever practises ijba' (that is, sells the produce of a field or fruit and the like before it has ripened) has dealt in usury (riba). And every intoxicant is forbidden." Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) sent Sayyiduna Ziyad bin Labid al-Ansari (may Allah be pleased with him) to them.
(The author says:) As for the word "khilat", it means that animals are not to be gathered together. As for the word "wirat", it means that their value is not to be assessed. As for the word "shighar", it means that a man marries off his daughter on the condition that the other man marries off his daughter to him, with no dowry between them. The word "shinaq" means that a man tethers them in their resting place. The word "ijba'" means that fruit is sold before it is safe from blight.
Al-Tabarani recorded it in al-Mu'jam al-Kabir. Its chain contains Baqiyyah; he is a mudallis (one who conceals defects in the chain), but he is thiqah (trustworthy).