Praying after Asr

Urwah bin al-Zubayr said: Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) came out to the people and beat them for praying two rak'ahs after Asr, until he passed by Sayyiduna Tamim al-Dari (may Allah be pleased with him). Sayyiduna Tamim al-Dari (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "I will not abandon these two rak'ahs, for I prayed them with one who is better than you, and he is the Messenger of Allah." Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "If the people were like you, I would not mind."
Ahmad recorded it, and these are the words of his narration. The narrator Urwah did not hear from Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him).
Al-Tabarani recorded it, and its narrators are the narrators of the Sahih; al-Tabarani recorded it in al-Mu'jam al-Kabir and al-Mu'jam al-Awsat.

Urwah said: Sayyiduna Tamim al-Dari (may Allah be pleased with him) informed me (the narrator is in doubt; or perhaps the words are:) I was informed that Sayyiduna Tamim al-Dari (may Allah be pleased with him) prayed two rak'ahs after Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) had forbidden praying after Asr. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) came to him and began striking him with the whip. Sayyiduna Tamim al-Dari (may Allah be pleased with him) signalled to him to sit down; Sayyiduna Tamim al-Dari (may Allah be pleased with him) was in prayer at the time. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) sat down, and when Sayyiduna Tamim al-Dari (may Allah be pleased with him) finished his prayer, he said to Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him): "Why did you strike me?" Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Because you prayed these two rak'ahs, and I have forbidden them." Sayyiduna Tamim al-Dari (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "I prayed these two rak'ahs with one who is better than you, and he is the Messenger of Allah." Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "O people, it is not that there is any sin in this for me; rather, I fear that after me people will come who will keep praying from after Asr until Maghrib, until they pass into the hour in which the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade praying. That is certain. So pray between Zuhr and Asr. (Then they will say: 'We saw so-and-so and so-and-so praying after Asr.')"
Its chain contains a narrator, Abdullah bin Salih, about whom Abd al-Malik bin Shu'ayb said: "He is thiqah (trustworthy) and ma'mun (reliable)," while Imam Ahmad and others declared him da'if (weak).

Sayyiduna Zayd bin Khalid al-Juhani (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him), who was the Caliph at the time, saw him pray two rak'ahs after Asr. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) walked over to him and struck him with the whip, but he carried on praying. When he finished his prayer, Sayyiduna Zayd (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "O Commander of the Faithful! By Allah, after having seen the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) pray these two rak'ahs, I will never abandon them." The narrator said: Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) then sat down with him and said: "O Zayd bin Khalid! Were it not that I fear people would take this as a ladder to prayer until night falls (that is, they would keep praying continuously until Maghrib), I would not strike anyone over these two rak'ahs."
Ahmad and al-Tabarani in al-Mu'jam al-Kabir recorded it, and its chain is hasan (good).

It is reported about Sayyiduna Abu Musa al-Ash'ari (may Allah be pleased with him) that he saw the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) pray two rak'ahs after Asr.
Al-Tabarani recorded it in al-Mu'jam al-Awsat and al-Mu'jam al-Kabir, and he added these words: Abu Diras said: "I saw Abu Bakr, the son of Sayyiduna Abu Musa al-Ash'ari (may Allah be pleased with him), praying these two rak'ahs, and he said: 'I saw Sayyiduna Abu Musa al-Ash'ari (may Allah be pleased with him) praying them, and he said that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) used to pray these two rak'ahs in the house of Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her).'" Its narrators are the narrators of the Sahih, except Abu Diras, about whom Yahya bin Ma'in said: "There is no harm in him."

Abdullah bin al-Harith bin Nawfal said: Sayyiduna Mu'awiyah bin Abi Sufyan (may Allah be pleased with him) led us in the Asr prayer. Then he sent a message to Sayyidah Maymunah (may Allah be pleased with her), and then sent another man after him. Sayyidah Maymunah said: "The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was preparing an expedition, and he did not have enough camels from the sadaqah (to send them off). So he (peace and blessings be upon him) sat down and began distributing among those people, and because of this he could not offer (the voluntary or sunnah prayers after Zuhr) until the time of Asr came. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) used to pray two rak'ahs before Asr, and whatever Allah willed. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) prayed Asr, then he returned and offered the sunnah prayers that he used to offer before it. Whenever the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) offered a prayer or did something, he (peace and blessings be upon him) loved to do it regularly."
Ahmad recorded it; its chain contains a narrator, Hanzalah al-Sadusi, whom Ahmad and Yahya bin Ma'in declared da'if (weak), while Ibn Hibban declared him thiqah (trustworthy).

Sayyidah Maymunah (may Allah be pleased with her) narrates that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) missed the two rak'ahs of Asr, so he (peace and blessings be upon him) prayed those two rak'ahs afterwards (after the Asr prayer).
Ahmad recorded it, and its chain also contains a narrator, Hanzalah.

Sayyidah Aishah al-Siddiqah (may Allah be pleased with her) narrates that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) missed the two rak'ahs before Asr. When he completed the Asr prayer, he prayed those two rak'ahs, and after that he (peace and blessings be upon him) never prayed them again. (Allamah al-Haythami says:) I say: A different hadith from Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) is reported in the Sahih; and Allah knows best.
Al-Tabarani recorded it in al-Mu'jam al-Awsat; its chain contains a narrator, Abu Yahya al-Qattat, whom Ahmad, and Yahya bin Ma'in in one report, declared da'if (weak), while in another report he declared him thiqah (trustworthy).

Sayyidah Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her) narrates: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) prayed the Asr prayer, then he came into my house and prayed two rak'ahs. I said: "O Messenger of Allah! You have prayed a prayer that you did not use to pray before." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Some wealth came to me, and it kept me from the two rak'ahs I used to pray after Zuhr, so I have prayed them now." I said: "O Messenger of Allah! When they are missed, do you make them up?" The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "No."
(Allamah al-Haythami says:) I say: This report is also in the Sahih, except for her words: "When they are missed, do you make them up?" and the Prophet's (peace and blessings be upon him) saying: "No."
Ahmad and Ibn Hibban (may Allah have mercy on him) in his Sahih recorded it, and Ahmad's narrators are the narrators of the Sahih.