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مجمع الزوائد ومنبع الفوائد
Majma' al-Zawa'id
كتاب المغازي والسير
Book of Military Expeditions and Biography
بَابُ الْهِجْرَةِ إِلَى الْحَبَشَةِ
The migration to Abyssinia
Majma al-Zawaid — Hadith 9850
اُردوEn
وَعَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ فِي تَسْمِيَةِ الَّذِينَ خَرَجُوا إِلَى أَرْضِ الْحَبَشَةِ الْمَرَّةَ الْأُولَى قَبْلَ خُرُوجِ جَعْفَرٍ وَأَصْحَابِهِ : الزُّبَيْرُ بْنُ الْعَوَّامِ ، وَسَهْلُ بْنُ بَيْضَاءَ ، وَعَامِرُ بْنُ رَبِيعَةَ ، وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ ، وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفٍ ، وَعُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَفَّانَ ، وَمَعَهُ امْرَأَتُهُ رُقَيَّةُ بِنْتُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - وَعُثْمَانُ بْنُ مَظْعُونٍ ، وَمُصْعَبُ بْنُ عُمَيْرٍ أَحَدُ بَنِي عَبْدِ الدَّارِ ، وَأَبُو حُذَيْفَةَ بْنُ عُتْبَةَ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ ، وَمَعَهُ امْرَأَتُهُ سَهْلَةُ بِنْتُ سُهَيْلِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو ، وَلَدَتْ لَهُ بِأَرْضِ الْحَبَشَةِ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ أَبِي حُذَيْفَةَ ، وَأَبُو سَبْرَةَ بْنُ أَبِي رُهْمٍ ، وَمَعَهُ أُمُّ كُلْثُومَ بِنْتُ سُهَيْلِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو ، وَأَبُو سَلَمَةَ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْأَسَدِ ، وَمَعَهُ امْرَأَتُهُ أُمُّ سَلَمَةَ .
قَالَ : ثُمَّ رَجَعَ هَؤُلَاءِ الَّذِينَ ذَهَبُوا الْمَرَّةَ الْأُولَى قَبْلَ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ وَأَصْحَابِهِ حِينَ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ السُّورَةَ الَّتِي يَذْكُرُ فِيهَا وَالنَّجْمِ إِذَا هَوَى فَقَالَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ : لَوْ كَانَ هَذَا الرَّجُلُ يَذْكُرُ آلِهَتَنَا بِخَيْرٍ أَقْرَرْنَاهُ وَأَصْحَابَهُ ، فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَذْكُرُ أَحَدًا مِمَّنْ خَالَفَ دِينَهُ مِنَ الْيَهُودِ وَالنَّصَارَى بِمِثْلِ الَّذِي يَذْكُرُ بِهِ آلِهَتَنَا مِنَ الشَّرِّ وَالشَّتْمِ ، فَلَمَّا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ السُّورَةَ الَّذِي يَذْكُرُ فِيهَا وَالنَّجْمِ ، وَقَرَأَ : أَفَرَأَيْتُمُ اللَّاتَ وَالْعُزَّى وَمَنَاةَ الثَّالِثَةَ الْأُخْرَى أَلْقَى الشَّيْطَانُ فِيهَا عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ ذِكْرَ الطَّوَاغِيتِ ، فَقَالَ : وَإِنَّهُنَّ مِنَ الْعَرَانِيقِ الْعُلَا ، وَإِنَّ شَفَاعَتَهُمْ لَتُرْتَجَى ، وَذَلِكَ مِنْ سَجْعِ الشَّيْطَانِ وَفِتْنَتِهِ ، فَوَقَعَتْ هَاتَانِ الْكَلِمَتَانِ فِي قَلْبِ كُلِّ مُشْرِكٍ ، وَذَلَّتْ بِهَا أَلْسِنَتُهُمْ ، وَاسْتَبْشَرُوا بِهَا ، وَقَالُوا : إِنَّ مُحَمَّدًا قَدْ رَجَعَ إِلَى دِينِهِ الْأَوَّلِ ، وَدِينِ قَوْمِهِ .
فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - آخِرَ السُّورَةِ الَّتِي فِيهَا النَّجْمُ سَجَدَ ، وَسَجَدَ مَعَهُ كُلُّ مَنْ حَضَرَهُ مِنْ مُسْلِمٍ وَمُشْرِكٍ ، غَيْرَ أَنَّ الْوَلِيدَ بْنَ الْمُغِيرَةِ كَانَ رَجُلًا كَبِيرًا فَرَفَعَ مِلْءَ كَفِّهِ تُرَابًا فَسَجَدَ عَلَيْهِ ، فَعَجِبَ الْفَرِيقَانِ كِلَاهُمَا مِنْ جَمَاعَتِهِمْ فِي السُّجُودِ لِسُجُودِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - فَأَمَّا الْمُسْلِمُونَ فَعَجِبُوا مِنْ سُجُودِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ مِنْ غَيْرِ إِيمَانٍ وَلَا يَقِينٍ ، وَلَمْ يَكُنِ الْمُسْلِمُونَ سَمِعُوا الَّذِي أَلْقَى الشَّيْطَانُ عَلَى أَلْسِنَةِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ . وَأَمَّا الْمُشْرِكُونَ فَاطْمَأَنَّتْ أَنْفُسُهُمْ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - وَأَصْحَابِهِ لَمَّا سَمِعُوا الَّذِي أَلْقَى الشَّيْطَانُ في أُمْنِيَّةِ النَّبِيِّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - وَحَدَّثَهُمُ الشَّيْطَانُ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - قَدْ قَرَأَهَا فِي السَّجْدَةِ ، فَسَجَدُوا لِتَعْظِيمِ آلِهَتِهِمْ ، فَفَشَتْ تِلْكَ الْكَلِمَةُ فِي النَّاسِ وَأَظْهَرَهَا الشَّيْطَانُ حَتَّى بَلَغَتِ الْحَبَشَةُ ، فَلَمَّا سَمِعَ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ مَظْعُونٍ ، وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ ، وَمَنْ كَانَ مَعَهُمْ مِنْ أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ أَنَّ النَّاسَ قَدْ أَسْلَمُوا ، وَصَارُوا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - وَبَلَغَهُمْ سُجُودُ الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ عَلَى التُّرَابِ عَلَى كَفِّهِ ، أَقْبَلُوا سِرَاعًا فَكَبُرَ ذَلِكَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - فَلَمَّا أَمْسَى أَتَاهُ جِبْرِيلُ - عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ - فَشَكَا إِلَيْهِ ، فَأَمَرَهُ فَقَرَأَ عَلَيْهِ ، فَلَمَّا بَلَغَهَا تَبَرَّأَ مِنْهَا جِبْرِيلُ قَالَ : مَعَاذَ اللَّهِ مِنْ هَاتَيْنِ ، مَا أَنْزَلَهُمَا رَبِّي ، وَلَا أَمَرَنِي بِهِمَا رَبُّكَ ، فَلَمَّا رَأَى ذَلِكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - شَقَّ عَلَيْهِ وَقَالَ : أَطَعْتُ الشَّيْطَانَ ، وَتَكَلَّمْتُ بِكَلَامِهِ ، وَشَرَكَنِي فِي أَمْرِ اللَّهِ . فَنَسَخَ اللَّهُ مَا أَلْقَى الشَّيْطَانُ وَأَنْزَلَ عَلَيْهِ : وَمَا أَرْسَلْنَا مِنْ قَبْلِكَ مِنْ رَسُولٍ وَلَا نَبِيٍّ إِلَّا إِذَا تَمَنَّى أَلْقَى الشَّيْطَانُ فِي أُمْنِيَّتِهِ فَيَنْسَخُ اللَّهُ مَا يُلْقِي الشَّيْطَانُ ثُمَّ يُحْكِمُ اللَّهُ آيَاتِهِ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌ . لِيَجْعَلَ مَا يُلْقِي الشَّيْطَانُ فِتْنَةً لِلَّذِينَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ مَرَضٌ وَالْقَاسِيَةِ قُلُوبُهُمْ وَإِنَّ الظَّالِمِينَ لَفِي شِقَاقٍ بَعِيدٍ .
فَلَمَّا بَرَّأَهُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ مِنْ سَجْعِ الشَّيْطَانِ وَفِتْنَتِهِ انْقَلَبَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ بِضَلَالِهِمْ وَعَدَاوَتِهِمْ ، وَبَلَغَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ مِمَّنْ كَانَ بِأَرْضِ الْحَبَشَةِ ، وَقَدْ شَارَفُوا مَكَّةَ فَلَمْ يَسْتَطِيعُوا الرُّجُوعَ مِنْ شِدَّةِ الْبَلَاءِ الَّذِي أَصَابَهُمْ وَالْجُوعِ وَالْخَوْفِ وَخَافُوا أَنْ يَدْخُلُوا مَكَّةَ فَيُبْطَشَ بِهِمْ فَلَمْ يَدْخُلْ رَجُلٌ مِنْهُمْ إِلَّا بِجِوَارٍ ، فَأَجَارَ الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ الْمُغِيرَةِ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ مَظْعُونٍ ، فَلَمَّا أَبْصَرَ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ مَظْعُونٍ الَّذِي يَلْقَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - وَأَصْحَابَهُ مِنَ الْبَلَاءِ ، وَعُذِّبَتْ طَائِفَةٌ مِنْهُمْ بِالنَّارِ وَبِالسِّيَاطِ ، وَعُثْمَانُ بْنُ مَظْعُونٍ مُعَافًى لَا يَعْرِضُ لَهُ ، رَجَعَ إِلَى نَفْسِهِ فَاسْتَحَبَّ الْبَلَاءَ عَلَى الْعَافِيَةِ ، وَقَالَ : أَمَّا مَنْ كَانَ فِي عَهْدِ اللَّهِ وَذِمَّتِهِ ، وَذِمَّةِ رَسُولِهِ الَّذِي اخْتَارَ لِأَوْلِيَائِهِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْإِسْلَامِ ، وَمَنْ دَخَلَ فِيهِ فَهُوَ خَائِفٌ مُبْتَلًى بِالشِّدَّةِ وَالْكَرْبِ ، عَمِدَ إِلَى الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ ، فَقَالَ : يَا ابْنَ عَمِّ ، أَجَرْتَنِي فَأَحْسَنْتَ جِوَارِي ، وَإِنِّي أُحِبُّ أَنْ تُخْرِجَنِي إِلَى عَشِيرَتِكَ ، فَتَبْرَأَ مِنِّي بَيْنَ أَظْهُرِهِمْ . فَقَالَ لَهُ الْوَلِيدُ : ابْنَ أَخِي لَعَلَّ أَحَدًا آذَاكَ أَوْ شَتَمَكَ وَأَنْتَ فِي ذِمَّتِي ، فَأَنْتَ تُرِيدُ مَنْ هُوَ أَمْنَعُ لَكَ مِنِّي ، فَأَنَا أَكْفِيكَ ذَلِكَ ؟ قَالَ : لَا وَاللَّهِ مَا بِي ذَلِكَ ، وَمَا اعْتَرَضَ لِي مِنْ أَحَدٍ ، فَلَمَّا أَبَى عُثْمَانُ إِلَّا أَنْ يَتَبَرَّأَ مِنْهُ الْوَلِيدُ أَخْرَجَهُ إِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ ، وَقُرَيْشٌ فِيهِ كَأَحْفَلِ مَا كَانُوا ، وَلَبِيدُ بْنُ رَبِيعَةَ الشَّاعِرُ يُنْشِدُهُمْ ، فَأَخَذَ الْوَلِيدُ بِيَدِ عُثْمَانَ فَأَتَى بِهِ قُرَيْشًا ، فَقَالَ : إِنَّ هَذَا غَلَبَنِي وَحَمَلَنِي عَلَى أَنْ أَنْزِلَ إِلَيْهِ عَنْ جِوَارِي ، أُشْهِدُكُمْ أَنِّي بَرِيءٌ فَجَلَسَا مَعَ الْقَوْمِ ، وَأَخَذَ لَبِيدٌ يُنْشِدُهُمْ فَقَالَ :
أَلَا كُلُّ شَيْءٍ مَا خَلَا اللَّهَ بَاطِلُ . فَقَالَ عُثْمَانُ : صَدَقْتَ . ثُمَّ إِنْ لَبِيدًا أَنْشَدَهُمْ تَمَامَ الْبَيْتِ ، فَقَالَ :
وَكُلُّ نَعِيمٍ لَا مَحَالَةَ زَائِلُ . فَقَالَ : كَذَبْتَ . فَسَكَتَ الْقَوْمُ وَلَمْ يَدْرُوا مَا أَرَادَ بِكَلِمَتِهِ ، ثُمَّ أَعَادَهَا الثَّانِيَةَ ، وَأَمَرَ بِذَلِكَ ، فَلَمَّا قَالَهَا قَالَ مِثْلَ كَلِمَتِهِ الْأُولَى وَالْأُخْرَى ، صَدَقْتَ مَرَّةً وَكَذَبْتَ مَرَّةً ، وَإِنَّمَا يُصَدِّقُهُ إِذَا ذَكَرَ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ يَفْنَى ، وَإِذَا قَالَ : كُلُّ نَعِيمٍ ذَاهِبٌ كَذَّبَهُ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ ؛ إِنَّ نَعِيمَ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ لَا يَزُولُ ، نَزَعَ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ فَلَطَمَ عَيْنَ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ مَظْعُونٍ ، فَاخْضَرَّتْ مَكَانَهَا ، فَقَالَ الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ الْمُغِيرَةِ وَأَصْحَابُهُ : قَدْ كُنْتَ فِي ذِمَّةٍ مَانِعَةٍ مَمْنُوعَةٍ فَخَرَجْتَ مِنْهَا إِلَى هَذَا ، فَكُنْتَ عَمَّا لَقِيتَ غَنِيًّا ، ثُمَّ ضَحِكُوا ، فَقَالَ عُثْمَانُ : بَلْ كُنْتُ إِلَى هَذَا الَّذِي لَقِيتُ مِنْكُمْ فَقِيرًا ، وَعَيْنِي الَّتِي لَمْ تُلْطَمْ إِلَى مِثْلِ هَذَا الَّذِي لَقِيتُ ، صَاحِبَتُهَا فَقِيرَةٌ لِي فِيمَنْ هُوَ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْكُمْ أُسْوَةً ، فَقَالَ لَهُ الْوَلِيدُ : إِنْ شِئْتَ أَجَرْتُكَ الثَّانِيَةَ . قَالَ : لَا أَرَبَ لِي فِي جِوَارِكَ . رَوَاهُ الطَّبَرَانِيُّ هَكَذَا مُرْسَلًا ، وَفِيهِ ابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ أَيْضًا .
قَالَ : ثُمَّ رَجَعَ هَؤُلَاءِ الَّذِينَ ذَهَبُوا الْمَرَّةَ الْأُولَى قَبْلَ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ وَأَصْحَابِهِ حِينَ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ السُّورَةَ الَّتِي يَذْكُرُ فِيهَا وَالنَّجْمِ إِذَا هَوَى فَقَالَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ : لَوْ كَانَ هَذَا الرَّجُلُ يَذْكُرُ آلِهَتَنَا بِخَيْرٍ أَقْرَرْنَاهُ وَأَصْحَابَهُ ، فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَذْكُرُ أَحَدًا مِمَّنْ خَالَفَ دِينَهُ مِنَ الْيَهُودِ وَالنَّصَارَى بِمِثْلِ الَّذِي يَذْكُرُ بِهِ آلِهَتَنَا مِنَ الشَّرِّ وَالشَّتْمِ ، فَلَمَّا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ السُّورَةَ الَّذِي يَذْكُرُ فِيهَا وَالنَّجْمِ ، وَقَرَأَ : أَفَرَأَيْتُمُ اللَّاتَ وَالْعُزَّى وَمَنَاةَ الثَّالِثَةَ الْأُخْرَى أَلْقَى الشَّيْطَانُ فِيهَا عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ ذِكْرَ الطَّوَاغِيتِ ، فَقَالَ : وَإِنَّهُنَّ مِنَ الْعَرَانِيقِ الْعُلَا ، وَإِنَّ شَفَاعَتَهُمْ لَتُرْتَجَى ، وَذَلِكَ مِنْ سَجْعِ الشَّيْطَانِ وَفِتْنَتِهِ ، فَوَقَعَتْ هَاتَانِ الْكَلِمَتَانِ فِي قَلْبِ كُلِّ مُشْرِكٍ ، وَذَلَّتْ بِهَا أَلْسِنَتُهُمْ ، وَاسْتَبْشَرُوا بِهَا ، وَقَالُوا : إِنَّ مُحَمَّدًا قَدْ رَجَعَ إِلَى دِينِهِ الْأَوَّلِ ، وَدِينِ قَوْمِهِ .
فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - آخِرَ السُّورَةِ الَّتِي فِيهَا النَّجْمُ سَجَدَ ، وَسَجَدَ مَعَهُ كُلُّ مَنْ حَضَرَهُ مِنْ مُسْلِمٍ وَمُشْرِكٍ ، غَيْرَ أَنَّ الْوَلِيدَ بْنَ الْمُغِيرَةِ كَانَ رَجُلًا كَبِيرًا فَرَفَعَ مِلْءَ كَفِّهِ تُرَابًا فَسَجَدَ عَلَيْهِ ، فَعَجِبَ الْفَرِيقَانِ كِلَاهُمَا مِنْ جَمَاعَتِهِمْ فِي السُّجُودِ لِسُجُودِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - فَأَمَّا الْمُسْلِمُونَ فَعَجِبُوا مِنْ سُجُودِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ مِنْ غَيْرِ إِيمَانٍ وَلَا يَقِينٍ ، وَلَمْ يَكُنِ الْمُسْلِمُونَ سَمِعُوا الَّذِي أَلْقَى الشَّيْطَانُ عَلَى أَلْسِنَةِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ . وَأَمَّا الْمُشْرِكُونَ فَاطْمَأَنَّتْ أَنْفُسُهُمْ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - وَأَصْحَابِهِ لَمَّا سَمِعُوا الَّذِي أَلْقَى الشَّيْطَانُ في أُمْنِيَّةِ النَّبِيِّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - وَحَدَّثَهُمُ الشَّيْطَانُ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - قَدْ قَرَأَهَا فِي السَّجْدَةِ ، فَسَجَدُوا لِتَعْظِيمِ آلِهَتِهِمْ ، فَفَشَتْ تِلْكَ الْكَلِمَةُ فِي النَّاسِ وَأَظْهَرَهَا الشَّيْطَانُ حَتَّى بَلَغَتِ الْحَبَشَةُ ، فَلَمَّا سَمِعَ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ مَظْعُونٍ ، وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ ، وَمَنْ كَانَ مَعَهُمْ مِنْ أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ أَنَّ النَّاسَ قَدْ أَسْلَمُوا ، وَصَارُوا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - وَبَلَغَهُمْ سُجُودُ الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ عَلَى التُّرَابِ عَلَى كَفِّهِ ، أَقْبَلُوا سِرَاعًا فَكَبُرَ ذَلِكَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - فَلَمَّا أَمْسَى أَتَاهُ جِبْرِيلُ - عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ - فَشَكَا إِلَيْهِ ، فَأَمَرَهُ فَقَرَأَ عَلَيْهِ ، فَلَمَّا بَلَغَهَا تَبَرَّأَ مِنْهَا جِبْرِيلُ قَالَ : مَعَاذَ اللَّهِ مِنْ هَاتَيْنِ ، مَا أَنْزَلَهُمَا رَبِّي ، وَلَا أَمَرَنِي بِهِمَا رَبُّكَ ، فَلَمَّا رَأَى ذَلِكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - شَقَّ عَلَيْهِ وَقَالَ : أَطَعْتُ الشَّيْطَانَ ، وَتَكَلَّمْتُ بِكَلَامِهِ ، وَشَرَكَنِي فِي أَمْرِ اللَّهِ . فَنَسَخَ اللَّهُ مَا أَلْقَى الشَّيْطَانُ وَأَنْزَلَ عَلَيْهِ : وَمَا أَرْسَلْنَا مِنْ قَبْلِكَ مِنْ رَسُولٍ وَلَا نَبِيٍّ إِلَّا إِذَا تَمَنَّى أَلْقَى الشَّيْطَانُ فِي أُمْنِيَّتِهِ فَيَنْسَخُ اللَّهُ مَا يُلْقِي الشَّيْطَانُ ثُمَّ يُحْكِمُ اللَّهُ آيَاتِهِ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌ . لِيَجْعَلَ مَا يُلْقِي الشَّيْطَانُ فِتْنَةً لِلَّذِينَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ مَرَضٌ وَالْقَاسِيَةِ قُلُوبُهُمْ وَإِنَّ الظَّالِمِينَ لَفِي شِقَاقٍ بَعِيدٍ .
فَلَمَّا بَرَّأَهُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ مِنْ سَجْعِ الشَّيْطَانِ وَفِتْنَتِهِ انْقَلَبَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ بِضَلَالِهِمْ وَعَدَاوَتِهِمْ ، وَبَلَغَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ مِمَّنْ كَانَ بِأَرْضِ الْحَبَشَةِ ، وَقَدْ شَارَفُوا مَكَّةَ فَلَمْ يَسْتَطِيعُوا الرُّجُوعَ مِنْ شِدَّةِ الْبَلَاءِ الَّذِي أَصَابَهُمْ وَالْجُوعِ وَالْخَوْفِ وَخَافُوا أَنْ يَدْخُلُوا مَكَّةَ فَيُبْطَشَ بِهِمْ فَلَمْ يَدْخُلْ رَجُلٌ مِنْهُمْ إِلَّا بِجِوَارٍ ، فَأَجَارَ الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ الْمُغِيرَةِ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ مَظْعُونٍ ، فَلَمَّا أَبْصَرَ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ مَظْعُونٍ الَّذِي يَلْقَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - وَأَصْحَابَهُ مِنَ الْبَلَاءِ ، وَعُذِّبَتْ طَائِفَةٌ مِنْهُمْ بِالنَّارِ وَبِالسِّيَاطِ ، وَعُثْمَانُ بْنُ مَظْعُونٍ مُعَافًى لَا يَعْرِضُ لَهُ ، رَجَعَ إِلَى نَفْسِهِ فَاسْتَحَبَّ الْبَلَاءَ عَلَى الْعَافِيَةِ ، وَقَالَ : أَمَّا مَنْ كَانَ فِي عَهْدِ اللَّهِ وَذِمَّتِهِ ، وَذِمَّةِ رَسُولِهِ الَّذِي اخْتَارَ لِأَوْلِيَائِهِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْإِسْلَامِ ، وَمَنْ دَخَلَ فِيهِ فَهُوَ خَائِفٌ مُبْتَلًى بِالشِّدَّةِ وَالْكَرْبِ ، عَمِدَ إِلَى الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ ، فَقَالَ : يَا ابْنَ عَمِّ ، أَجَرْتَنِي فَأَحْسَنْتَ جِوَارِي ، وَإِنِّي أُحِبُّ أَنْ تُخْرِجَنِي إِلَى عَشِيرَتِكَ ، فَتَبْرَأَ مِنِّي بَيْنَ أَظْهُرِهِمْ . فَقَالَ لَهُ الْوَلِيدُ : ابْنَ أَخِي لَعَلَّ أَحَدًا آذَاكَ أَوْ شَتَمَكَ وَأَنْتَ فِي ذِمَّتِي ، فَأَنْتَ تُرِيدُ مَنْ هُوَ أَمْنَعُ لَكَ مِنِّي ، فَأَنَا أَكْفِيكَ ذَلِكَ ؟ قَالَ : لَا وَاللَّهِ مَا بِي ذَلِكَ ، وَمَا اعْتَرَضَ لِي مِنْ أَحَدٍ ، فَلَمَّا أَبَى عُثْمَانُ إِلَّا أَنْ يَتَبَرَّأَ مِنْهُ الْوَلِيدُ أَخْرَجَهُ إِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ ، وَقُرَيْشٌ فِيهِ كَأَحْفَلِ مَا كَانُوا ، وَلَبِيدُ بْنُ رَبِيعَةَ الشَّاعِرُ يُنْشِدُهُمْ ، فَأَخَذَ الْوَلِيدُ بِيَدِ عُثْمَانَ فَأَتَى بِهِ قُرَيْشًا ، فَقَالَ : إِنَّ هَذَا غَلَبَنِي وَحَمَلَنِي عَلَى أَنْ أَنْزِلَ إِلَيْهِ عَنْ جِوَارِي ، أُشْهِدُكُمْ أَنِّي بَرِيءٌ فَجَلَسَا مَعَ الْقَوْمِ ، وَأَخَذَ لَبِيدٌ يُنْشِدُهُمْ فَقَالَ :
أَلَا كُلُّ شَيْءٍ مَا خَلَا اللَّهَ بَاطِلُ . فَقَالَ عُثْمَانُ : صَدَقْتَ . ثُمَّ إِنْ لَبِيدًا أَنْشَدَهُمْ تَمَامَ الْبَيْتِ ، فَقَالَ :
وَكُلُّ نَعِيمٍ لَا مَحَالَةَ زَائِلُ . فَقَالَ : كَذَبْتَ . فَسَكَتَ الْقَوْمُ وَلَمْ يَدْرُوا مَا أَرَادَ بِكَلِمَتِهِ ، ثُمَّ أَعَادَهَا الثَّانِيَةَ ، وَأَمَرَ بِذَلِكَ ، فَلَمَّا قَالَهَا قَالَ مِثْلَ كَلِمَتِهِ الْأُولَى وَالْأُخْرَى ، صَدَقْتَ مَرَّةً وَكَذَبْتَ مَرَّةً ، وَإِنَّمَا يُصَدِّقُهُ إِذَا ذَكَرَ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ يَفْنَى ، وَإِذَا قَالَ : كُلُّ نَعِيمٍ ذَاهِبٌ كَذَّبَهُ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ ؛ إِنَّ نَعِيمَ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ لَا يَزُولُ ، نَزَعَ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ فَلَطَمَ عَيْنَ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ مَظْعُونٍ ، فَاخْضَرَّتْ مَكَانَهَا ، فَقَالَ الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ الْمُغِيرَةِ وَأَصْحَابُهُ : قَدْ كُنْتَ فِي ذِمَّةٍ مَانِعَةٍ مَمْنُوعَةٍ فَخَرَجْتَ مِنْهَا إِلَى هَذَا ، فَكُنْتَ عَمَّا لَقِيتَ غَنِيًّا ، ثُمَّ ضَحِكُوا ، فَقَالَ عُثْمَانُ : بَلْ كُنْتُ إِلَى هَذَا الَّذِي لَقِيتُ مِنْكُمْ فَقِيرًا ، وَعَيْنِي الَّتِي لَمْ تُلْطَمْ إِلَى مِثْلِ هَذَا الَّذِي لَقِيتُ ، صَاحِبَتُهَا فَقِيرَةٌ لِي فِيمَنْ هُوَ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْكُمْ أُسْوَةً ، فَقَالَ لَهُ الْوَلِيدُ : إِنْ شِئْتَ أَجَرْتُكَ الثَّانِيَةَ . قَالَ : لَا أَرَبَ لِي فِي جِوَارِكَ . رَوَاهُ الطَّبَرَانِيُّ هَكَذَا مُرْسَلًا ، وَفِيهِ ابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ أَيْضًا .
Urwah bin al-Zubayr states the names of those who went out to the land of Abyssinia the first time; this was before Sayyiduna Ja'far (may Allah be pleased with him) and his companions went (and their names are as follows): Sayyiduna Zubayr bin al-Awwam (may Allah be pleased with him), Sayyiduna Sahl bin Bayda' (may Allah be pleased with him), Sayyiduna Amir bin Rabi'ah (may Allah be pleased with him), Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him), Sayyiduna Abd al-Rahman bin Awf (may Allah be pleased with him), and Sayyiduna Uthman al-Ghani (may Allah be pleased with him), with whom was his wife Sayyidah Ruqayyah (may Allah be pleased with her), the daughter of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him); Sayyiduna Uthman bin Maz'un (may Allah be pleased with him); Sayyiduna Mus'ab bin Umayr (may Allah be pleased with him), who belonged to Banu Abd al-Dar; Sayyiduna Abu Hudhayfah bin Utbah bin Rabi'ah (may Allah be pleased with him), with whom was his wife Sayyidah Sahlah bint Suhayl bin Amr (may Allah be pleased with her), who gave birth to his son Muhammad bin Abi Hudhayfah in the land of Abyssinia; Sayyiduna Abu Sabrah bin Abi Ruhm (may Allah be pleased with him), with whom was Sayyidah Umm Kulthum bint Suhayl bin Amr (may Allah be pleased with her); and Sayyiduna Abu Salamah bin Abd al-Asad (may Allah be pleased with him), with whom was his wife Sayyidah Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her). Those who had gone to Abyssinia the first time, before Sayyiduna Ja'far bin Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him) and his companions, came back. This was at the time when Allah Almighty revealed the verse in which it is mentioned: "By the star when it descends." The polytheists of the Quraysh said: "If this man were to mention our gods with good, we would let him and his companions be, for he does not mention anyone who holds a religion contrary to his, that is, the Jews or the Christians, with the evil and abuse with which he mentions our gods." When Allah Almighty revealed the surah in which "By the star" is mentioned, he recited in it this verse: "Have you considered al-Lat and al-Uzza, and Manat, the third, the other?" At that point Satan cast into it a mention of the idols and said: "And they are the exalted cranes (gharaniq), and their intercession is indeed hoped for." That was from Satan's rhymed speech and his temptation. These two phrases settled in the heart of every polytheist, their tongues took readily to them, they rejoiced at them and said: "Muhammad has returned to his former religion and the religion of his people." When the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) reached the end of the surah in which the star is mentioned, he prostrated, and everyone present with him, Muslim and polytheist, prostrated with him, except that al-Walid bin al-Mughirah, who was an old man, raised a handful of dust and prostrated on it. Both groups were amazed at their all prostrating together because of the prostration of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). As for the Muslims, they were amazed that the polytheists had prostrated without faith or certainty; the Muslims had not heard what Satan had cast onto the tongues of the polytheists. As for the polytheists, they felt at ease with the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and his companions when they heard what Satan had cast into the recitation of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and Satan told them that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) had recited it in the surah of prostration, so they prostrated to honour their gods. That phrase spread among the people and Satan made it widely known until it reached Abyssinia. When Sayyiduna Uthman bin Maz'un (may Allah be pleased with him), Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) and the people of Makkah who were with them heard that the people had accepted Islam and had joined the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and the news reached them of al-Walid bin al-Mughirah prostrating on dust upon his palm, they set out hurriedly to return. This weighed heavily on the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). When evening came, Sayyiduna Jibril (peace be upon him) came to him and he complained to him about it. He told him to recite, so he recited it to him. When he reached those words, Sayyiduna Jibril (peace be upon him) disowned them and said: "I seek refuge with Allah from these two! My Lord did not reveal them, nor did your Lord command me with them." When the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) saw this, it weighed heavily on him and he said: "I obeyed Satan and spoke his words, and he made himself a partner with me in the matter of Allah." So Allah Almighty abrogated what Satan had cast and revealed to him: "And We did not send before you any messenger or prophet except that when he wished, Satan cast something into his wish; then Allah abolishes what Satan casts, then Allah makes His verses firm, and Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise. That He may make what Satan casts a trial for those in whose hearts is a disease and those whose hearts are hardened; and indeed the wrongdoers are in far-reaching opposition." When Allah Almighty cleared the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) of Satan's fabricated words and his temptation, the polytheists returned to their misguidance and enmity. The Muslims who were living in the land of Abyssinia received this news when they had already come near Makkah. They were not able to go back because of the hardships, for they were suffering hunger and fear, but they also feared that if they entered Makkah they would be mistreated. So every one of them entered Makkah under someone's protection. Al-Walid bin al-Mughirah gave protection to Sayyiduna Uthman bin Maz'un (may Allah be pleased with him). When Sayyiduna Uthman bin Maz'un (may Allah be pleased with him) saw that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and his companions were facing trials, that his companions were being tormented with fire and with whips, while Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) himself was living in safety and this was not his situation, he reflected and preferred trial over safety. He said: "One who is under the covenant and protection of Allah Almighty, and under the protection of His Messenger, which He has chosen for His friends among the people of Islam, and whoever enters into it, is fearful and afflicted with hardship and distress." So he went to al-Walid bin al-Mughirah and said: "O cousin! You gave me protection, and you gave it in a fine manner, but I want you to take me to your clan and declare among them that you are no longer responsible for me!" Al-Walid said to him: "O my nephew! Perhaps someone has harmed you or spoken ill of you while you are under my protection, and you want to go to someone who can give you better protection than I can; but I will be sufficient for you in this situation." Sayyiduna Uthman bin Maz'un (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "By Allah! It is nothing like that; no one has come after me." When Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) insisted that al-Walid should declare himself no longer responsible for him, he brought him to the Mosque. The Quraysh were present there in great numbers, and Labid bin Rabi'ah, the poet, was reciting poetry to them. Al-Walid took Sayyiduna Uthman bin Maz'un (may Allah be pleased with him) by the hand, brought him to the Quraysh and said: "This man has prevailed over me and compelled me to withdraw my protection from him. I make you witnesses that I am no longer responsible for him." Then the two of them sat down with those people. Labid began reciting poetry to them and recited this hemistich: "Indeed, everything besides Allah is false." Sayyiduna Uthman bin Maz'un (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "You have spoken the truth." Then Labid recited the second hemistich, saying: "And every blessing will inevitably pass away." Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "You have spoken falsely." The people fell silent and did not understand what he meant by these words. Then he repeated it a second time, and he responded accordingly: when he recited that hemistich, he said the same thing he had said for the first and the second hemistich, saying once "You have spoken the truth" and once "You have spoken falsely." He affirmed his statement that everything will perish, and when he said that every blessing will also come to an end, he contradicted him at that point, since the blessings of the people of Paradise will never pass away. At that, a man from the Quraysh rose and struck Sayyiduna Uthman bin Maz'un (may Allah be pleased with him) on the eye, so that the spot turned dark. Al-Walid bin al-Mughirah and his companions said: "You were under a protection that was guarding and well-guarded, and you have come out of that situation into this one, so that you could not escape what you have had to face." Then they laughed. Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Rather, I am content with what I have faced, and my eye that has not yet been struck is in need, compared with the eye that has been struck. I have an example to follow in one who is dearer to me than you." At this al-Walid said to him: "If you wish, I will give you protection again." He said: "I have no interest in your protection."
Al-Tabarani recorded it in this way as a mursal report, and its chain also contains the narrator Ibn Lahi'ah.
Al-Tabarani recorded it in this way as a mursal report, and its chain also contains the narrator Ibn Lahi'ah.
