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مجمع الزوائد ومنبع الفوائد
Majma' al-Zawa'id
كتاب الأحكام
Book of Judgments
بَابٌ جَامِعٌ فِي الْأَحْكَامِ .
Comprehensive rulings
Majma al-Zawaid — Hadith 7059
اُردوEn
وَعَنْ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ قَالَ : إِنَّ مِنْ قَضَاءِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - : " أَنَّ الْمَعْدِنَ جُبَارٌ وَالْبِئْرَ جُبَارٌ وَالْعَجْمَاءَ جُرْحُهَا جُبَارٌ " .
وَالْعَجْمَاءُ : الْبَهِيمَةُ مِنَ الْأَنْعَامِ ، وَغَيْرُهَا .
وَالْجُبَارُ : هُوَ الْهَدْرُ الَّذِي لَا يُغَرَّمُ .
وَقَضَى : " فِي الرِّكَازِ الْخُمْسَ " .
وَقَضَى : " أَنَّ تَمْرَ النَّخِيلِ لِمَنْ أَبَّرَهَا إِلَّا أَنْ يَشْتَرِطَ الْمُبْتَاعُ " .
وَقَضَى : " أَنَّ مَالَ الْمَمْلُوكِ لِمَنْ بَاعَهُ إِلَّا أَنْ يُشْتَرَطَ الْمُبْتَاعُ " .
وَقَضَى : " أَنَّ الْوَلَدَ لِلْفِرَاشِ وَلِلْعَاهِرِ الْحَجَرَ " .
وَقَضَى : بِالشُّفْعَةِ [ بَيْنَ الشُّرَكَاءِ ] فِي الْأَرَضِينَ وَالدُّورِ .
وَقَضَى لِحَمْلِ ابْنِ مَالِكٍ [ الْهُذَلِيِّ ] بِمِيرَاثِهِ عَنِ امْرَأَتِهِ الَّتِي قَتَلَتْهَا الْأُخْرَى .
وَقَضَى فِي الْجَنِينِ الْمَقْتُولِ بِغُرَّةٍ عَبْدٍ أَوْ أَمَةٍ ، قَالَ : فَوَرِثَهَا بَعْلُهَا وَبَنُوهَا ، وَكَانَ لَهُ مِنِ امْرَأَتَيْهِ كِلَيْهِمَا وَلَدٌ . قَالَ : فَقَالَ أَبُو الْقَاتِلَةِ الْمَقْضِيُّ عَلَيْهِ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ كَيْفَ أَغْرَمُ مَنْ لَا شَرِبَ ، وَلَا أَكَلَ ، وَلَا صَاحَ ، وَلَا اسْتَهَلَّ ، فَمِثْلُ ذَلِكَ بُطْلٌ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - : " هَذَا مِنَ الْكُهَّانِ " . مِنْ أَجْلِ سَجْعِهِ الَّذِي سَجَعَ لَهُ .
قَالَ : وَقَضَى فِي الرَّحْبَةِ تَكُونُ فِي الطَّرِيقِ ، ثُمَّ يُرِيدُ أَهْلُهَا [ الْبُنْيَانَ ] فِيهَا فَقَضَى : " أَنْ يُتْرُكَ لِلطَّرِيقِ مِنْهَا سَبْعُ أَذْرُعٍ " . قَالَ : وَكَانَتْ تِلْكَ الطَّرِيقُ تُسَمَّى : الْمَقْيَا .
وَقَضَى فِي النَّخْلَةِ أَوِ النَّخْلَتَيْنِ أَوِ الثَّلَاثِ فَيَخْتَلِفُونَ فِي حُقُوقِ ذَلِكَ فَقَضَى : " أَنَّ فِي كُلِّ نَخْلَةٍ مِنْ أُولَئِكَ مَبْلَغُ جَرِيدِهَا حَيِّزٌ لَهَا " .
وَقَضَى فِي شُرْبِ النَّخْلِ مِنَ السَّيْلِ : " أَنَّ الْأَعْلَى يَشْرَبُ قَبْلَ الْأَسْفَلِ وَيُتْرَكُ الْمَاءُ إِلَى الْكَعْبَيْنِ ، ثُمَّ يُرْسَلُ الْمَاءُ إِلَى الْأَسْفَلِ الَّذِي يَلِيهِ ، فَكَذَلِكَ تَنْقَضِي حَوَائِطُ أَوْ يَفْنَى الْمَاءُ " .
وَقَضَى : " أَنَّ الْمَرْأَةَ لَا تُعْطِي مِنْ مَالِهَا شَيْئًا إِلَّا بِإِذْنِ زَوْجِهَا " .
وَقَضَى : " لِلْجَدَّتَيْنِ مِنَ الْمِيرَاثِ بِالسُّدْسِ بَيْنَهُمَا بِالسَّوَاءِ " .
وَقَضَى : " أَنَّ مَنْ أَعْتَقَ شِرْكًا فِي مَمْلُوكٍ فَعَلَيْهِ جَوَازُ عِتْقِهِ إِنْ كَانَ لَهُ مَالٌ " .
وَقَضَى : " أَنْ لَا ضَرَرَ ، وَلَا ضِرَارَ " .
وَقَضَى : " أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ لِعِرْقٍ ظَالِمٍ حَقٌّ " .
وَقَضَى بَيْنَ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ فِي النَّخْلِ : " لَا يُمْنَعُ نَقْعُ بِئْرٍ " .
وَقَضَى بَيْنَ أَهْلِ الْبَادِيَةِ : " أَنَّهُ لَا يُمْنَعُ فَضْلُ مَاءٍ لِيُمْنَعَ بِهِ فَضْلُ الْكَلَأِ " .
وَقَضَى فِي الدِّيَةِ الْكُبْرَى الْمُغَلَّظَةِ : " ثَلَاثِينَ بِنْتَ لَبُونٍ وَثَلَاثِينَ حِقَّةً وَأَرْبَعِينَ خَلِفَةً " .
وَقَضَى فِي الدِّيَةِ الصُّغْرَى : " ثَلَاثِينَ ابْنَةَ لَبُونٍ ، وَثَلَاثِينَ حِقَّةً وَعِشْرِينَ ابْنَةَ مَخَاضٍ ، وَعِشْرِينَ بَنِي مَخَاضٍ ذُكُورٍ " .
ثُمَّ غَلَتِ الْإِبِلُ بَعْدَ وَفَاةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - وَهَانَتِ الدَّرَاهِمُ فَقَوَّمَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ إِبِلَ الدِّيَةِ سِتَّةَ آلَافِ دِرْهَمٍ حِسَابَ أُوقِيَّةٍ لِكُلِّ بَعِيرٍ . ثُمَّ غَلَتِ الْإِبِلُ وَهَانَتِ الْوَرِقُ فَزَادَ عُمَرُ أَلْفَيْنِ حِسَابَ أُوقِيَّتَيْنِ لِكُلِّ بَعِيرٍ . ثُمَّ غَلَتِ الْإِبِلُ وَهَانَتِ الدَّرَاهِمُ فَأَتَمَّهَا عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ أَلْفًا حِسَابَ ثَلَاثِ أَوَاقٍ لِكُلِّ بَعِيرٍ . قَالَ : فَزَادَ ثُلُثَ الدِّيَةِ فِي الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ وَثُلُثًا آخَرَ فِي الْبَلَدِ الْحَرَامِ . قَالَ : فَتَمَّتْ دِيَةُ الْحَرَمَيْنِ عِشْرِينَ أَلْفًا . قَالَ : فَكَانَ يُقَالُ : يُؤْخَذُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْبَادِيَةِ مِنْ مَاشِيَتِهِمْ ، وَلَا يُكَلَّفُونَ الْوَرِقَ ، وَلَا الذَّهَبَ . وَيُؤْخَذُ مِنْ كُلِّ قَوْمٍ مَا لَهُمْ قِيمَةُ الْعَدْلِ مِنْ أَمْوَالِهِمْ .
قُلْتُ : رَوَى ابْنُ مَاجَهْ طَرَفًا مِنْهُ .
رَوَاهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ . وَإِسْحَاقُ لَمْ يُدْرِكْ عُبَادَةَ . وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ .
وَالْعَجْمَاءُ : الْبَهِيمَةُ مِنَ الْأَنْعَامِ ، وَغَيْرُهَا .
وَالْجُبَارُ : هُوَ الْهَدْرُ الَّذِي لَا يُغَرَّمُ .
وَقَضَى : " فِي الرِّكَازِ الْخُمْسَ " .
وَقَضَى : " أَنَّ تَمْرَ النَّخِيلِ لِمَنْ أَبَّرَهَا إِلَّا أَنْ يَشْتَرِطَ الْمُبْتَاعُ " .
وَقَضَى : " أَنَّ مَالَ الْمَمْلُوكِ لِمَنْ بَاعَهُ إِلَّا أَنْ يُشْتَرَطَ الْمُبْتَاعُ " .
وَقَضَى : " أَنَّ الْوَلَدَ لِلْفِرَاشِ وَلِلْعَاهِرِ الْحَجَرَ " .
وَقَضَى : بِالشُّفْعَةِ [ بَيْنَ الشُّرَكَاءِ ] فِي الْأَرَضِينَ وَالدُّورِ .
وَقَضَى لِحَمْلِ ابْنِ مَالِكٍ [ الْهُذَلِيِّ ] بِمِيرَاثِهِ عَنِ امْرَأَتِهِ الَّتِي قَتَلَتْهَا الْأُخْرَى .
وَقَضَى فِي الْجَنِينِ الْمَقْتُولِ بِغُرَّةٍ عَبْدٍ أَوْ أَمَةٍ ، قَالَ : فَوَرِثَهَا بَعْلُهَا وَبَنُوهَا ، وَكَانَ لَهُ مِنِ امْرَأَتَيْهِ كِلَيْهِمَا وَلَدٌ . قَالَ : فَقَالَ أَبُو الْقَاتِلَةِ الْمَقْضِيُّ عَلَيْهِ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ كَيْفَ أَغْرَمُ مَنْ لَا شَرِبَ ، وَلَا أَكَلَ ، وَلَا صَاحَ ، وَلَا اسْتَهَلَّ ، فَمِثْلُ ذَلِكَ بُطْلٌ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - : " هَذَا مِنَ الْكُهَّانِ " . مِنْ أَجْلِ سَجْعِهِ الَّذِي سَجَعَ لَهُ .
قَالَ : وَقَضَى فِي الرَّحْبَةِ تَكُونُ فِي الطَّرِيقِ ، ثُمَّ يُرِيدُ أَهْلُهَا [ الْبُنْيَانَ ] فِيهَا فَقَضَى : " أَنْ يُتْرُكَ لِلطَّرِيقِ مِنْهَا سَبْعُ أَذْرُعٍ " . قَالَ : وَكَانَتْ تِلْكَ الطَّرِيقُ تُسَمَّى : الْمَقْيَا .
وَقَضَى فِي النَّخْلَةِ أَوِ النَّخْلَتَيْنِ أَوِ الثَّلَاثِ فَيَخْتَلِفُونَ فِي حُقُوقِ ذَلِكَ فَقَضَى : " أَنَّ فِي كُلِّ نَخْلَةٍ مِنْ أُولَئِكَ مَبْلَغُ جَرِيدِهَا حَيِّزٌ لَهَا " .
وَقَضَى فِي شُرْبِ النَّخْلِ مِنَ السَّيْلِ : " أَنَّ الْأَعْلَى يَشْرَبُ قَبْلَ الْأَسْفَلِ وَيُتْرَكُ الْمَاءُ إِلَى الْكَعْبَيْنِ ، ثُمَّ يُرْسَلُ الْمَاءُ إِلَى الْأَسْفَلِ الَّذِي يَلِيهِ ، فَكَذَلِكَ تَنْقَضِي حَوَائِطُ أَوْ يَفْنَى الْمَاءُ " .
وَقَضَى : " أَنَّ الْمَرْأَةَ لَا تُعْطِي مِنْ مَالِهَا شَيْئًا إِلَّا بِإِذْنِ زَوْجِهَا " .
وَقَضَى : " لِلْجَدَّتَيْنِ مِنَ الْمِيرَاثِ بِالسُّدْسِ بَيْنَهُمَا بِالسَّوَاءِ " .
وَقَضَى : " أَنَّ مَنْ أَعْتَقَ شِرْكًا فِي مَمْلُوكٍ فَعَلَيْهِ جَوَازُ عِتْقِهِ إِنْ كَانَ لَهُ مَالٌ " .
وَقَضَى : " أَنْ لَا ضَرَرَ ، وَلَا ضِرَارَ " .
وَقَضَى : " أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ لِعِرْقٍ ظَالِمٍ حَقٌّ " .
وَقَضَى بَيْنَ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ فِي النَّخْلِ : " لَا يُمْنَعُ نَقْعُ بِئْرٍ " .
وَقَضَى بَيْنَ أَهْلِ الْبَادِيَةِ : " أَنَّهُ لَا يُمْنَعُ فَضْلُ مَاءٍ لِيُمْنَعَ بِهِ فَضْلُ الْكَلَأِ " .
وَقَضَى فِي الدِّيَةِ الْكُبْرَى الْمُغَلَّظَةِ : " ثَلَاثِينَ بِنْتَ لَبُونٍ وَثَلَاثِينَ حِقَّةً وَأَرْبَعِينَ خَلِفَةً " .
وَقَضَى فِي الدِّيَةِ الصُّغْرَى : " ثَلَاثِينَ ابْنَةَ لَبُونٍ ، وَثَلَاثِينَ حِقَّةً وَعِشْرِينَ ابْنَةَ مَخَاضٍ ، وَعِشْرِينَ بَنِي مَخَاضٍ ذُكُورٍ " .
ثُمَّ غَلَتِ الْإِبِلُ بَعْدَ وَفَاةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - وَهَانَتِ الدَّرَاهِمُ فَقَوَّمَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ إِبِلَ الدِّيَةِ سِتَّةَ آلَافِ دِرْهَمٍ حِسَابَ أُوقِيَّةٍ لِكُلِّ بَعِيرٍ . ثُمَّ غَلَتِ الْإِبِلُ وَهَانَتِ الْوَرِقُ فَزَادَ عُمَرُ أَلْفَيْنِ حِسَابَ أُوقِيَّتَيْنِ لِكُلِّ بَعِيرٍ . ثُمَّ غَلَتِ الْإِبِلُ وَهَانَتِ الدَّرَاهِمُ فَأَتَمَّهَا عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ أَلْفًا حِسَابَ ثَلَاثِ أَوَاقٍ لِكُلِّ بَعِيرٍ . قَالَ : فَزَادَ ثُلُثَ الدِّيَةِ فِي الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ وَثُلُثًا آخَرَ فِي الْبَلَدِ الْحَرَامِ . قَالَ : فَتَمَّتْ دِيَةُ الْحَرَمَيْنِ عِشْرِينَ أَلْفًا . قَالَ : فَكَانَ يُقَالُ : يُؤْخَذُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْبَادِيَةِ مِنْ مَاشِيَتِهِمْ ، وَلَا يُكَلَّفُونَ الْوَرِقَ ، وَلَا الذَّهَبَ . وَيُؤْخَذُ مِنْ كُلِّ قَوْمٍ مَا لَهُمْ قِيمَةُ الْعَدْلِ مِنْ أَمْوَالِهِمْ .
قُلْتُ : رَوَى ابْنُ مَاجَهْ طَرَفًا مِنْهُ .
رَوَاهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ . وَإِسْحَاقُ لَمْ يُدْرِكْ عُبَادَةَ . وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ .
Sayyiduna Ubadah bin al-Samit (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: Among the judgments that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) gave is this: "Death by falling into a mine carries no liability, death by falling into a well carries no liability, and an injury caused by an animal carries no liability." The word "al-'ajma'" means an animal, whether it belongs to the livestock or otherwise. "Jubar" means something that goes uncompensated, for which no penalty is paid. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) also ruled that one-fifth (khums) is due on rikaz (buried treasure). He (peace and blessings be upon him) also ruled that the dates of a palm tree go to the one who pollinated it, unless the buyer has stipulated a condition, in which case the ruling is different. He (peace and blessings be upon him) also ruled that the wealth of a slave (male or female) goes to the one who sold him, unless the buyer has stipulated a condition, in which case the ruling is different. He (peace and blessings be upon him) also ruled that the child belongs to the owner of the bed, and for the fornicator there is deprivation. He (peace and blessings be upon him) gave judgment regarding shuf'ah (pre-emption) that it applies between partners in land or houses. He (peace and blessings be upon him) ruled concerning Haml bin Malik al-Hudhali that he would inherit from his wife, the wife whom his other wife had killed. Concerning the unborn child that was killed, he (peace and blessings be upon him) ruled that a male or female slave would be paid as a penalty, and that the woman's heirs would be her husband and her sons; that man had children from both of his wives. The father of the woman who had killed, against whom the judgment was given, said: O Messenger of Allah, how shall I pay a penalty for a child who neither drank, nor ate, nor screamed, nor cried out at birth? Such blood goes unavenged. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: This one is of the soothsayers. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said this because of his rhymed speech. He says: Concerning an open space outside a house that lies on a road, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) ruled that if its owners wish to build something there, they must leave seven cubits of it for the road. The narrator says: That road was called "al-Maqya." Where there are one, two or three palm trees and a dispute arises about their rights, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) also gave a judgment: he ruled that the boundary of each palm tree extends as far as its fronds reach. Concerning watering palm trees from a flood stream, he (peace and blessings be upon him) ruled that those higher up water their portion before those lower down, until the water reaches the ankles; then they release the water to those lower down who come next, and so on until either the gardens are finished or the water runs out. He (peace and blessings be upon him) also ruled that a woman shall not give anything from her wealth without her husband's permission. He (peace and blessings be upon him) ruled that two grandmothers are entitled to one-sixth of the inheritance, divided equally between them. He (peace and blessings be upon him) ruled that whoever frees his share in a jointly owned slave must free him completely, if he has the wealth. He (peace and blessings be upon him) ruled that no harm is to be done and no harm is to be returned. He (peace and blessings be upon him) also ruled that no one has the right to plant (on another's land by usurpation). He (peace and blessings be upon him) ruled among the people of Madinah regarding palm trees that the water of a well shall not be withheld. He (peace and blessings be upon him) ruled for the desert dwellers that surplus water shall not be withheld in order thereby to withhold the surplus pasture. He (peace and blessings be upon him) ruled concerning the major, aggravated blood money that it shall be thirty bint labun, thirty hiqqah and forty khalifah. He (peace and blessings be upon him) ruled concerning the minor blood money that it shall be thirty bint labun, thirty hiqqah, twenty bint makhad and twenty male ibn makhad. (The narrator says:) Then, after the passing of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), the price of camels rose and the value of dirhams fell, so Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) set the camels of blood money at six thousand dirhams, reckoned at one uqiyyah for each camel. Then the price of camels rose further and the value of silver fell, so Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) added two thousand, which comes to two uqiyyahs for each camel. Then the price of camels rose and the value of the dirham fell, so Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) completed it at twelve thousand, which comes to three uqiyyahs for each camel. He said: One-third of the blood money is added in the sacred month, and another third in the sacred city. The narrator says: Thus the blood money of the two Harams comes to a full twenty thousand (dirhams). The narrator says: It used to be said that from the desert dwellers it is taken from their livestock, and they are not obliged to pay silver or gold, and from every people is taken what corresponds to the fair value from their own kind of wealth. (Allamah al-Haythami says:) I say: Ibn Majah recorded part of this narration.
Abdullah bin Ahmad recorded it, and the narrator named Ishaq did not meet Sayyiduna Ubadah (may Allah be pleased with him); and Allah knows best.
Abdullah bin Ahmad recorded it, and the narrator named Ishaq did not meet Sayyiduna Ubadah (may Allah be pleased with him); and Allah knows best.
