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مجمع الزوائد ومنبع الفوائد
Majma' al-Zawa'id
كتاب البيوع
Book of Sales
بَابُ مَا جَاءَ فِي الرِّبَا .
Reports on usury (riba)
Majma al-Zawaid — Hadith 6589
اُردوEn
وَعَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ : ( الَّذِينَ يَأْكُلُونَ الرِّبَا لَا يَقُومُونَ إِلَّا كَمَا يَقُومُ الَّذِي يَتَخَبَّطُهُ الشَّيْطَانُ مِنَ الْمَسِّ ) قَالَ : يُعْرَفُونَ بِذَلِكَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ ، إِلَّا كَمَا يَقُومُ الْمَجْنُونُ الْمُخَنَّقُ .
( ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ قَالُوا إِنَّمَا الْبَيْعُ مِثْلُ الرِّبَا ) وَكَذَبُوا عَلَى اللَّهِ ( وَأَحَلَّ اللَّهُ الْبَيْعَ وَحَرَّمَ الرِّبَا فَمَنْ جَاءَهُ مَوْعِظَةٌ مِنْ رَبِّهِ فَانْتَهَى ) إِلَى قَوْلِهِ : ( وَمَنْ عَادَ ) فَأَكَلَ الرِّبَا ( فَأُولَئِكَ أَصْحَابُ النَّارِ هُمْ فِيهَا خَالِدُونَ ) .
وَقَوْلِهِ : ( يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَذَرُوا مَا بَقِيَ مِنَ الرِّبَا إِنْ كُنْتُمْ مُؤْمِنِينَ فَإِنْ لَمْ تَفْعَلُوا فَأْذَنُوا بِحَرْبٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ ) إِلَى آخَرِ الْآيَةِ فَبَلَغَنَا - وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ - أَنَّ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ نَزَلَتْ فِي بَنِي عَمْرِو بْنِ عُمَيْرِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ مِنْ ثَقِيفٍ ، وَفِي بَنِي الْمُغِيرَةِ مِنْ مَخْزُومٍ ؛ كَانَتْ بَنُو الْمُغِيرَةِ يُرْبُونَ لِثَقِيفٍ فَلَمَّا أَظْهَرَ اللَّهُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - عَلَى مَكَّةَ وَضَعَ يَوْمَئِذٍ الرِّبَا كُلَّهُ . وَكَانَ أَهْلُ الطَّائِفِ قَدْ صَالَحُوا عَلَى أَنَّ لَهُمْ رِبَاهُمْ وَمَا كَانَ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنْ رِبًا فَهُوَ مَوْضُوعٌ . وَكَتَبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - فِي آخِرِ صَحِيفَتِهِمْ : " أَنَّ لَهُمْ مَا لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ وَعَلَيْهِمْ مَا عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ : أَنْ لَا يَأْكُلُوا الرِّبَا ، وَلَا يُؤَاكِّلُوهُ " . فَأَتَى بَنُو عَمْرِو بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ ، وَبَنُو الْمُغِيرَةِ إِلَى عَتَّابِ بْنِ أَسِيدٍ - وَهُوَ عَلَى مَكَّةَ - فَقَالَ بَنُو الْمُغِيرَةِ : مَا جَعَلَنَا أَشْقَى النَّاسِ بِالرِّبَا ؟ وَضَعَ عَنِ النَّاسِ غَيْرَنَا . فَقَالَ بَنُو عَمْرِو بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ : صُولِحْنَا عَلَى أَنَّ لَنَا رِبَانَا . فَكَتَبَ عَتَّابُ بْنُ أَسِيدٍ فِي ذَلِكَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - فَنَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ : ( فَإِنْ لَمْ تَفْعَلُوا فَأْذَنُوا بِحَرْبٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ ) فَعَرَفَ بَنُو عَمْرٍو أَنَّ الْإِيذَانَ لَهُمْ بِحَرْبٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ بِقَوْلِهِ : ( إِنْ تُبْتُمْ فَلَكُمْ رُءُوسُ أَمْوَالِكُمْ لَا تَظْلِمُونَ ) فَتَأْخُذُونَ أَكْثَرَ ( وَلَا تُظْلَمُونَ ) فَتُبْخَسُونَ مِنْهُ ( وَإِنْ كَانَ ذُو عُسْرَةٍ ) أَنْ تَذَرُوهُ خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ ( فَنَظِرَةٌ إِلَى مَيْسَرَةٍ وَأَنْ تَصَدَّقُوا خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ وَاتَّقُوا يَوْمًا تُرْجَعُونَ فِيهِ إِلَى اللَّهِ ثُمَّ تُوَفَّى كُلُّ نَفْسٍ مَا كَسَبَتْ وَهُمْ لَا يُظْلَمُونَ ) فَذَكَرُوا أَنَّ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ نَزَلَتْ ، وَآخِرَ سُورَةِ النِّسَاءِ نَزَلَتَا آخِرَ الْقُرْآنِ .
رَوَاهُ أَبُو يَعْلَى ، وَفِيهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ السَّائِبِ الْكَلْبِيُّ ، وَهُوَ كَذَّابٌ .
( ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ قَالُوا إِنَّمَا الْبَيْعُ مِثْلُ الرِّبَا ) وَكَذَبُوا عَلَى اللَّهِ ( وَأَحَلَّ اللَّهُ الْبَيْعَ وَحَرَّمَ الرِّبَا فَمَنْ جَاءَهُ مَوْعِظَةٌ مِنْ رَبِّهِ فَانْتَهَى ) إِلَى قَوْلِهِ : ( وَمَنْ عَادَ ) فَأَكَلَ الرِّبَا ( فَأُولَئِكَ أَصْحَابُ النَّارِ هُمْ فِيهَا خَالِدُونَ ) .
وَقَوْلِهِ : ( يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَذَرُوا مَا بَقِيَ مِنَ الرِّبَا إِنْ كُنْتُمْ مُؤْمِنِينَ فَإِنْ لَمْ تَفْعَلُوا فَأْذَنُوا بِحَرْبٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ ) إِلَى آخَرِ الْآيَةِ فَبَلَغَنَا - وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ - أَنَّ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ نَزَلَتْ فِي بَنِي عَمْرِو بْنِ عُمَيْرِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ مِنْ ثَقِيفٍ ، وَفِي بَنِي الْمُغِيرَةِ مِنْ مَخْزُومٍ ؛ كَانَتْ بَنُو الْمُغِيرَةِ يُرْبُونَ لِثَقِيفٍ فَلَمَّا أَظْهَرَ اللَّهُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - عَلَى مَكَّةَ وَضَعَ يَوْمَئِذٍ الرِّبَا كُلَّهُ . وَكَانَ أَهْلُ الطَّائِفِ قَدْ صَالَحُوا عَلَى أَنَّ لَهُمْ رِبَاهُمْ وَمَا كَانَ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنْ رِبًا فَهُوَ مَوْضُوعٌ . وَكَتَبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - فِي آخِرِ صَحِيفَتِهِمْ : " أَنَّ لَهُمْ مَا لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ وَعَلَيْهِمْ مَا عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ : أَنْ لَا يَأْكُلُوا الرِّبَا ، وَلَا يُؤَاكِّلُوهُ " . فَأَتَى بَنُو عَمْرِو بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ ، وَبَنُو الْمُغِيرَةِ إِلَى عَتَّابِ بْنِ أَسِيدٍ - وَهُوَ عَلَى مَكَّةَ - فَقَالَ بَنُو الْمُغِيرَةِ : مَا جَعَلَنَا أَشْقَى النَّاسِ بِالرِّبَا ؟ وَضَعَ عَنِ النَّاسِ غَيْرَنَا . فَقَالَ بَنُو عَمْرِو بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ : صُولِحْنَا عَلَى أَنَّ لَنَا رِبَانَا . فَكَتَبَ عَتَّابُ بْنُ أَسِيدٍ فِي ذَلِكَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - فَنَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ : ( فَإِنْ لَمْ تَفْعَلُوا فَأْذَنُوا بِحَرْبٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ ) فَعَرَفَ بَنُو عَمْرٍو أَنَّ الْإِيذَانَ لَهُمْ بِحَرْبٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ بِقَوْلِهِ : ( إِنْ تُبْتُمْ فَلَكُمْ رُءُوسُ أَمْوَالِكُمْ لَا تَظْلِمُونَ ) فَتَأْخُذُونَ أَكْثَرَ ( وَلَا تُظْلَمُونَ ) فَتُبْخَسُونَ مِنْهُ ( وَإِنْ كَانَ ذُو عُسْرَةٍ ) أَنْ تَذَرُوهُ خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ ( فَنَظِرَةٌ إِلَى مَيْسَرَةٍ وَأَنْ تَصَدَّقُوا خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ وَاتَّقُوا يَوْمًا تُرْجَعُونَ فِيهِ إِلَى اللَّهِ ثُمَّ تُوَفَّى كُلُّ نَفْسٍ مَا كَسَبَتْ وَهُمْ لَا يُظْلَمُونَ ) فَذَكَرُوا أَنَّ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ نَزَلَتْ ، وَآخِرَ سُورَةِ النِّسَاءِ نَزَلَتَا آخِرَ الْقُرْآنِ .
رَوَاهُ أَبُو يَعْلَى ، وَفِيهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ السَّائِبِ الْكَلْبِيُّ ، وَهُوَ كَذَّابٌ .
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) explains regarding this statement of Allah Almighty, (Allah, the Exalted, says:) "Those who consume usury (riba) will not stand except as one stands whom Satan has driven to madness by his touch": Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) says: On the Day of Resurrection they will be recognized by this condition, that they will stand only as a madman stands whose neck has been throttled. (Allah, the Exalted, says:) "That is because they say: 'Trade is just like usury,'" whereas they have attributed a lie to Allah Almighty. "Allah Almighty has made trade lawful and made usury unlawful; so whoever receives an admonition from his Lord and desists," the verse continues up to: "And whoever returns (to it)," meaning consumes usury, "then those are the people of the Fire; they will abide in it forever." Allah, the Exalted, says: "O you who believe, fear Allah Almighty and give up what remains of usury, if you are believers. And if you do not, then be informed of war from Allah and His Messenger," to the end of the verse. The narrator says: It has reached us, and Allah knows best, that this verse was revealed concerning Banu Amr bin Umayr bin Awf, who belonged to the tribe of Thaqif, and concerning Banu al-Mughirah. Banu al-Mughirah used to pay usury to the people of Thaqif. When Allah Almighty granted His Messenger victory over Makkah, on that day the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) abolished all usury. The people of Ta'if had made a treaty on the condition that the usury owed to them would be theirs, and whatever usury they owed would be cancelled. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) had it written at the end of their document that they would have every right the Muslims have, and every obligation the Muslims bear would apply to them: that they would not consume usury nor give it to others to consume. Banu Amr bin Umayr and Banu al-Mughirah came to Sayyiduna Attab bin Asid (may Allah be pleased with him), who was the governor of Makkah. Banu al-Mughirah said: "We are the most unfortunate of people with regard to usury; the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) has cancelled the usury of others but not ours." Banu Amr bin Umayr said: "Our treaty was made on the condition that we would receive our usury." Sayyiduna Attab bin Asid (may Allah be pleased with him) wrote to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) about this, and Allah Almighty revealed this verse: "And if you do not, then be informed of war from Allah and His Messenger." So Banu Amr realized that in this way they would be counted as those at war with Allah and His Messenger, because of this statement of Allah Almighty: "If you repent, you shall have your capital; you shall not wrong," meaning you shall not collect more, "and you shall not be wronged," meaning that you would not even receive your capital. "And if (the debtor) is in hardship," and if you let it go, that is better for you, if you only knew. "Then (let there be) respite until a time of ease; and if you give it as charity, that is better for you, if you only knew. And fear a Day in which you will be returned to Allah Almighty; then every soul will be paid in full what it earned, and they will not be wronged." People have mentioned that this verse was revealed, and that it and the last verse of Surah al-Nisa' were both the last of the Qur'an to be revealed.
Abu Ya'la recorded it; its chain contains a narrator, Muhammad bin al-Sa'ib al-Kalbi, and he is a kadhdhab (liar).
Abu Ya'la recorded it; its chain contains a narrator, Muhammad bin al-Sa'ib al-Kalbi, and he is a kadhdhab (liar).
