Sayyiduna Abu Musa al-Ash'ari (may Allah be pleased with him) reports this saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him): "Whoever hears the adhan and then does not respond to it, without any illness or excuse, has no prayer."
Imam al-Tabarani recorded this narration in al-Mu'jam al-Kabir; its chain contains a narrator, Qays bin al-Rabi', whom Shu'bah and Sufyan al-Thawri declared thiqah (trustworthy), and a group declared da'if (weak).
Hadith Referenceمجمع الزوائد ومنبع الفوائد / كتاب الصلاة / 2161