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مجمع الزوائد ومنبع الفوائد
Majma' al-Zawa'id
كتاب القدر
Book of Divine Decree
بَابٌ : تَحَاجِّ آدَمَ وَمُوسَى - صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِمَا - وَغَيْرِهِمَا .
The argument between Adam and Musa (peace be upon them) and others
Majma al-Zawaid — Hadith 11805
اُردوEn
وَعَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو قَالَ : بَيْنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - يُحَدِّثُنَا عَلَى بَابِ الْحُجُرَاتِ ، إِذْ أَقْبَلَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ، وَعُمَرُ ، وَمَعَهُمَا فِئَامٌ مِنَ النَّاسِ يُجَاوِبُ بَعْضُهُمْ بَعْضًا وَيَرُدُّ بَعْضُهُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ ، فَلَمَّا رَأَوْا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - سَكَتُوا ، فَقَالَ : " مَا كَلَامٌ سَمِعْتُهُ آنِفًا جَاوَبَ بَعْضُكُمْ بَعْضًا وَيَرُدُّ بَعْضُكُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ ؟ " ، فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، زَعَمَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَنَّ الْحَسَنَاتِ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَالسَّيِّئَاتِ مِنَ الْعِبَادِ ، وَقَالَ عُمَرُ : الْحَسَنَاتُ وَالسَّيِّئَاتُ مِنَ اللَّهِ ، فَتَابَعَ هَذَا قَوْمٌ وَهَذَا قَوْمٌ ، فَأَجَابَ بَعْضُهُمْ بَعْضًا وَرَدَّ بَعْضُهُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ ، فَالْتَفَتَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ فَقَالَ : " كَيْفَ قُلْتَ ؟ " ، قَالَ قَوْلَهُ الْأَوَّلَ ، وَالْتَفَتَ إِلَى عُمَرَ ، فَقَالَ قَوْلَهُ الْأَوَّلَ ، فَقَالَ : " وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ ، لَأَقْضِيَنَّ بَيْنَكُمْ بِقَضَاءِ إِسْرَافِيلَ بَيْنَ جِبْرِيلَ وَمِيكَائِيلَ ، فَهُمَا وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ أَوَّلُ خَلْقِ اللَّهِ تَكَلَّمَ فِيهِ ، فَقَالَ مِيكَائِيلُ بِقَوْلِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ ، وَقَالَ جِبْرِيلُ بِقَوْلِ عُمَرَ ، فَقَالَ جِبْرِيلُ لِمِيكَائِيلَ : إِنَّا مَتَى يَخْتَلِفْ أَهْلُ السَّمَاءِ يَخْتَلِفْ أَهْلُ الْأَرْضِ فَلْنَتَحَاكَمْ إِلَى إِسْرَافِيلَ ، فَتَحَاكَمَا إِلَيْهِ فَقَضَى بَيْنَهُمَا بِحَقِيقَةِ الْقَدَرِ خَيْرِهِ وَشَرِّهِ حُلْوِهِ وَمُرِّهِ ، كُلُّهُ مِنَ اللَّهِ - عَزَّ وَجَلَّ - وَأَنَا قَاضٍ بَيْنَكُمَا " ، ثُمَّ الْتَفَتَ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ فَقَالَ : " يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ ، إِنَّ اللَّهَ - تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى - لَوْ أَرَادَ أَنْ لَا يُعْصَى لَمْ يَخْلُقْ إِبْلِيسَ " ، فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ : صَدَقَ اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ .
رَوَاهُ الطَّبَرَانِيُّ فِي الْأَوْسَطِ وَاللَّفْظُ لَهُ ، وَالْبَزَّارُ بِنَحْوِهِ ، وَفِي إِسْنَادِ الطَّبَرَانِيِّ عُمَرُ بْنُ الصُّبْحِ وَهُوَ ضَعِيفٌ جِدًّا ، وَشَيْخُ الْبَزَّارِ السَّكَنُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ وَلَمْ أَعْرِفْهُ ، وَبَقِيَّةُ رِجَالِ الْبَزَّارِ ثِقَاتٌ وَفِي بَعْضِهِمْ كَلَامٌ لَا يَضُرُّ ، قُلْتُ : وَتَأْتِي أَحَادِيثُ فِي مَوَاضِعِهَا مِنْ هَذَا النَّحْوِ .
رَوَاهُ الطَّبَرَانِيُّ فِي الْأَوْسَطِ وَاللَّفْظُ لَهُ ، وَالْبَزَّارُ بِنَحْوِهِ ، وَفِي إِسْنَادِ الطَّبَرَانِيِّ عُمَرُ بْنُ الصُّبْحِ وَهُوَ ضَعِيفٌ جِدًّا ، وَشَيْخُ الْبَزَّارِ السَّكَنُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ وَلَمْ أَعْرِفْهُ ، وَبَقِيَّةُ رِجَالِ الْبَزَّارِ ثِقَاتٌ وَفِي بَعْضِهِمْ كَلَامٌ لَا يَضُرُّ ، قُلْتُ : وَتَأْتِي أَحَادِيثُ فِي مَوَاضِعِهَا مِنْ هَذَا النَّحْوِ .
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Amr (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: Once the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was talking with us by the door of the chambers when Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) and Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) came, and with them came some people who were arguing with one another. When those people saw the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), they fell silent. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: What was that talk which I was just hearing, in which you were debating with one another and answering one another? A man said: O Messenger of Allah! Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) says that good deeds are from Allah Almighty and evil deeds are from the servants, and Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) was saying that good deeds and evil deeds (both) are from Allah Almighty alone. So some people were following this one and some people were following that one, and they were answering one another and rejecting one another's words. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) turned to Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) and asked: What do you say? He said: The same thing that was said before. Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) turned to Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), and he too stated the same thing that had been stated before. Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "By the One in whose Hand is my soul, I will give between you the same judgement that Sayyiduna Israfil (peace be upon him) gave between Sayyiduna Jibril (peace be upon him) and Sayyiduna Mika'il (peace be upon him). By the One in whose Hand is my soul, these two angels were the first of Allah's creation to speak about this issue. Sayyiduna Mika'il (peace be upon him) held the same view as Abu Bakr, and Sayyiduna Jibril (peace be upon him) held the same view as Umar. Sayyiduna Jibril (peace be upon him) said to Sayyiduna Mika'il (peace be upon him): If we, the people of the heavens, differ, then the people of the earth will also differ, so let us make Israfil (peace be upon him) the arbiter. So the two of them made Sayyiduna Israfil (peace be upon him) the arbiter, and Sayyiduna Israfil (peace be upon him) gave this judgement between them, concerning the reality of the decree: whether it is good or bad, sweet or bitter, all of it is from Allah Almighty. (The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said:) And I too give this same judgement between you people." Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) turned to Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) and said: O Abu Bakr! If Allah Almighty had willed that He not be disobeyed, He would not have created Iblis at all. Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Allah Almighty and His Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) have spoken the truth.
Al-Tabarani recorded it in al-Mu'jam al-Awsat, and these words are his; al-Bazzar recorded something similar. Al-Tabarani's chain contains Umar bin al-Subh, who is extremely weak; al-Bazzar's teacher is al-Sakan bin Sa'id, whom I do not know; the rest of al-Bazzar's narrators are thiqat (trustworthy), and some of them have been criticised in a way that does no harm.
(Allamah al-Haythami says:) I say: Other hadiths of this kind will come in their respective places.
Al-Tabarani recorded it in al-Mu'jam al-Awsat, and these words are his; al-Bazzar recorded something similar. Al-Tabarani's chain contains Umar bin al-Subh, who is extremely weak; al-Bazzar's teacher is al-Sakan bin Sa'id, whom I do not know; the rest of al-Bazzar's narrators are thiqat (trustworthy), and some of them have been criticised in a way that does no harm.
(Allamah al-Haythami says:) I say: Other hadiths of this kind will come in their respective places.
