Sayyiduna Abu al-Darda' (may Allah be pleased with him) reports this as a marfu' hadith (traced back to the Prophet): He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "There is no prayer for the one who has no ablution."
Al-Tabarani recorded it in al-Mu'jam al-Kabir; its narrators have been declared trustworthy, except that I do not know al-Tabarani's teacher, Thabit bin Nu'aym al-Hawji.
Hadith Referenceمجمع الزوائد ومنبع الفوائد / كتاب الطهارة / 1156