الْحَدِيثُ الْأَوَّلُ: عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ { أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ رَخَّصَ لِصَاحِبِ الْعَرِيَّةِ: أَنْ يَبِيعَهَا بِخَرْصِهَا وَلِمُسْلِمٍ بِخَرْصِهَا تَمْرًا ، يَأْكُلُونَهَا رُطَبًا . }
Zaid bin Thabit, may Allah be pleased with him, narrates that the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, permitted the owner of the date palm to sell it by estimation.
In Muslim it is mentioned: Along with this date palm, estimate its value by the fresh dates they eat.
Explanation of terms:
العرية: To lend someone a date palm tree or some crop temporarily.
الخرص Estimation, approximation.
Explanation of the Hadith:
This apparently resembles Muzabana (exchange), as it also involves the exchange of standing fruit or crops for dry ones, which is prohibited, whereas this is permissible. The reason is that in reality, this is different from Muzabana, because the matter of ‘Araya’ occurs when a needy person repeatedly comes and the crop is not yet ripe; to save them from this hardship, out of sympathy, one or more trees or some crops are given to them before they ripen. Due to this good deed, ‘Araya’ is considered an exception, and permission is granted that only in this case the owner of the garden can give an unspecified quantity of fruit or grain by estimation.
Narrator of the Hadith:
Zaid bin Thabit, may Allah be pleased with him, was also known as Abu Khazha and Abu Saeed. He was an Ansari companion from Medina. He was also a scribe of revelation. He participated in the Battle of Uhud and others. He narrated ninety-two hadiths from the Prophet, peace be upon him. There are eight narrations regarding his date of death; the most authentic is the year 51 AH.
(265) صحيح البخارى، كتاب البيوع، باب بيع المزابنة ، ح: 2188 – صحيح مسلم ، كتاب البيوع ، باب تحريم بيع الرطب بالتمر الافي العرايا ، ح: 1539
266 – الْحَدِيثُ الثَّانِي: عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ { أَنَّ رَسُولَ [ ص: 512] Allah’s Messenger, peace and blessings be upon him, permitted selling ‘Araya’ in five Awsuq or less than five Awsuq.
Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah, may Allah be pleased with him, narrates that the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, permitted selling ‘Araya’ in less than five Awsuq.
Explanation of terms:
أوسق: This is the plural of Wasq; one Wasq equals sixty Nabawi Sa’ (measure), and five Wasq equal three hundred Sa’. According to the people of Hijaz, one Sa’ equals four Mudd, which is equivalent to 1120 Dirhams in weight, while according to the people of Iraq, it equals two kilos, fourteen chitranak, and four tola.
Explanation of the Hadith:
In this narration, the Prophet, peace be upon him, set a limit for giving in the form of ‘Araya’ that it cannot exceed five Wasq, because selling or buying an unspecified quantity is fundamentally prohibited. However, due to a special reason in ‘Araya’, it is exempted. Therefore, it is not permissible to take excessive advantage of this permission. Hence, the fruit or crop given as ‘Araya’ should be five Wasq or less.
267 – الْحَدِيثُ الثَّالِثُ: عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ { مَنْ بَاعَ نَخْلًا قَدْ أُبِّرَتْ فَثَمَرُهَا لِلْبَائِعِ ، إلَّا أَنْ يَشْتَرِطَ الْمُبْتَاعُ . } وَلِمُسْلِمٍ { وَمَنْ ابْتَاعَ عَبْدًا فَمَالُهُ لِلَّذِي بَاعَهُ إلَّا أَنْ يُشْتَرَطَ الْمُبْتَاعُ } .
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar, may Allah be pleased with both, that the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said: Whoever buys a grafted date palm, its fruit belongs to the seller, unless the buyer stipulates otherwise.
And in Muslim: Whoever sells a slave, the slave’s wealth belongs to the seller, unless the buyer stipulates otherwise.
Explanation of terms:
أبرت: Grafted, a grafted shoot. / Singular feminine third person, past passive verb, form Tafa’il.
المبتاع: Refers to the buyer, i.e., the purchaser / Singular masculine, active participle, form Iftiaal.
Explanation of the Hadith:
This hadith indicates that if a grafted date palm is sold, its fruit belongs to the seller, and the buyer can only get the fruit if he stipulates so. Another implication is that the date palm should be grafted. The wealth of a slave also belongs to the seller, but if the buyer stipulates that the wealth along with the slave will be his, then he becomes the rightful owner.
(267) صحيح البخاري ، كتاب البيوع ، باب من باع نخلا قد أبرت ، ح: 2204 ـ صحيح مسلم ، كتاب البيوع ، باب من باع نخلا عليها ثمر ، ح: 1543
268 – الْحَدِيثُ الرَّابِعُ: عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا [ ص: 514] It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar, may Allah be pleased with both, that the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said: Whoever buys food should not sell it until he has fully received it.
In another narration: Until he takes possession of it.
Explanation of terms:
يستوفيه: Meaning he should take full possession of it. Singular masculine third person, present indicative verb, form Istif’al.
Explanation of the Hadith:
It is not permissible to sell grain or crops before measuring or weighing them or before taking full possession.
(268) صحيح البخاري، كتاب البيوع ، باب الكيل على البائع والمعطى ، ح: 2126 – صحيح مسلم ، كتاب البيوع ، باب بطلان بيع المبيع قبل القبض ، ح: 1526
269 – وَعَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ مِثْلُهُ .
And it is similarly narrated from Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with both.
(269) صحيح مسلم، كتاب البيوع، باب بطلان بيع المبيع قبل القبض ، ح: 1525
270 – الْحَدِيثُ الْخَامِسُ: عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا { أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ عَامَ الْفَتْحِ إنَّ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ حَرَّمَ بَيْعَ [ ص: 515] Wine, carrion, pig, and idols. It was said: O Messenger of Allah, what about the fat of carrion? It is used to coat ships, to grease leather, and people use it for lighting. He said: No, it is forbidden. Then the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said at that time: May Allah destroy the Jews. When Allah forbade them the fat of carrion, they melted it, then sold it and ate its price. He said “melted it” meaning they melted it down.
Sayyiduna Jabir bin Abdullah, may Allah be pleased with him, narrates that he heard the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, say in the year of the conquest of Mecca: Indeed, Allah and His Messenger have forbidden the trade of wine, carrion, pig, and idols. It was asked: O Messenger of Allah, what about the fat of carrion? Because it is used to polish ships, grease leather, and people obtain light from it. He said: No, it is forbidden. Then the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said: May Allah destroy the Jews, for when Allah forbade them the fat of carrion, they melted it, then sold it and ate its price.
Explanation of terms:
الأصنام: Plural of idol, statues.
يستصبح: They put it in lamps and light it to obtain light. / Singular masculine third person, present indicative verb, form Istif’al.
جملوه: They melted it and turned it into oil. / Plural masculine third person, past indicative verb, form نصر ينصر.
Explanation of the Hadith:
Imam Khattabi, may Allah have mercy on him, states that the blame on the Jews for melting fat and selling it to consume its price is fundamentally due to the fat being forbidden. This indicates that the sources of forbidden things are also forbidden, meaning even if their original form or state is changed and used, they remain forbidden.
Also, from this hadith, it is understood that any trick used to change the name or form of a forbidden thing to make it permissible is itself forbidden.
(270) صحيح البخاري ، كتاب البيوع ، باب بيع الميتة والأصنام ، ح: 2336 ـ صحيح مسلم ، كتاب المساقاة ، باب تحريم بيع الخمر والميتة — ، ح: 1581
