Trading with the Wealth of an Orphan
① Sayyiduna Amr bin Shu’aib narrates from his father, who narrates from his grandfather, that the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ addressed the people and said:
ألا من ولي يتيما له مال فليتجر به ، ولا يتركه حتى تأكله الصدقة
“Listen! Whoever is the guardian of an orphan who has wealth, let him trade with that wealth; do not leave it idle so that only zakat (charity) consumes it.”
② It is narrated from Sayyiduna Malik رضي الله عنه that he heard that Sayyiduna Umar رضي الله عنه said:
“Trade with the wealth of the orphan, lest zakat (charity) consumes it.”
Instructions Regarding Pre-emption (Shuf’ah)
① Sayyiduna Jabir رضي الله عنه narrates that the Messenger of Allah صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم placed the right of pre-emption (shuf’ah) in every undivided property, but when (after division) boundaries are established and paths change, then the right of pre-emption is nullified.
② It is narrated from Sayyiduna Jabir رضي الله عنه that the Messenger of Allah صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم said:
الجار أحق بشفعة جاره ، ينتظر بها وإن كان غائبا إذا كان طريقهم واحدا
“The neighbor has a greater right to pre-empt his neighbor’s land; he should be waited for even if he is absent, provided their path is the same.”
③ It is narrated from Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas رضي الله عنهما that the Messenger of Allah صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم said:
الشريك شفيع ، والشفعة فى كل شيء
“The partner is the pre-emptor (one who has the right of pre-emption), and pre-emption is in everything.”
④ It is narrated from Sayyiduna Samurah رضي الله عنه that the Messenger of Allah صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم said:
جار الدار أحق بالدار
“The neighbor of the house has a greater right to the house.”
Rules of Agency (Representation/Power of Attorney)
① It is narrated from Sayyiduna Hakim bin Hizam رضي الله عنه that the Messenger of Allah صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم gave him one dinar and sent him to buy a sacrificial animal. So he bought a one-dinar ram and sold it for two dinars. Then he bought a sacrificial animal with one dinar and brought it along with the one dinar profit. The Messenger of Allah صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم then gave that dinar as charity and prayed for blessings in his trade.
