عن حمران مولى عثمان بن عفان، أن عثمان بن عفان رضى الله عنه دعا بوضوء فتوضأ فغسل كفيه ثلاث مرات ثم تمضمض واستنشر وفي نسخة واستنشق ثم غسل وجهه ثلاث مرات ثم غسل يده اليمنى إلى المرفق ثلاث مرات ثم غسل يده اليسرى كذلك ثم مسح برأسه ثم غسل رجله اليمنى إلى الكعبين ثلاث مرات ثم غسل (رجله اليسرى مثل ذلك ثم قال: رأيت النبى توضأ نحووضولي هذا ثم قال: قال رسول الله صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم : من توضأ نحووضوئي هذا ثم قام فركع ركعتين لا يحدث فيهما نفسه غفر له ما تقدم من ذنبه)) – قال ابن شهاب: وكان علماؤنا يقولون: هذا أسبغ ما يتوضأ به أحد للصلاة
Humran, the freed slave of Uthman ibn Affan (may Allah be pleased with him), narrated that Uthman ibn Affan (may Allah be pleased with him) asked for water, performed wudu, washed his two hands three times, then rinsed his mouth and blew water out of his nose (in one version: put water into his nose), washed his face three times, then washed his right arm up to the elbow three times, then washed his left arm in the same way, then wiped his head, then washed his right foot up to the ankles three times, then washed his left foot up to the ankles three times. Then he said: I saw the Prophet ﷺ perform wudu just like my wudu. Then he said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “Whoever performs wudu like this wudu of mine, then stands and prays two rak’ahs, without letting his mind occupy itself with anything else during them, his previous sins will be forgiven.” Ibn Shihab said: Our scholars used to say: this is the most complete way of performing wudu that anyone makes for prayer.
Research and takhrij:
وعن عبد الرحمن بن أبى ليلى، قال: رأيت عليا توضا: ((فغسل وجهه ثلاثا وغسل ذراعيه ثلاثا ومسح برأسه واحدة وقال: هكذا توضأ رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ))
Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Layla narrated, saying: “I saw Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) perform wudu. He washed his face three times, washed his arms three times, wiped his head once, and said: This is how the Messenger of Allah ﷺ performed wudu.” Abu Dawud. (Its narrators are considered proof by Bukhari.)
Research and takhrij: The hadith is sahih. Abu Dawud: 115, with a sahih chain, on the condition of Bukhari.
وروى مالك من حديث عبد الله بن زيد بن عاصم فى صفة وضوء رسول الله صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم : (( ثم مسح رأسه بيديه فأقبل بهما وأدبر بدأ بمقدم رأسه ثم ذهب بهما إلى قفاه ثم ردهما حتى رجع إلى المكان الذى بدأمنه، ثم غسل رجليه))
Imam Malik narrated, from the hadith of Abdullah ibn Zayd ibn Asim, concerning the description of the wudu of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ: “Then he wiped his head with his two hands; he moved them forward and backward, beginning with the front part of his head, then took them to the back of his neck, then brought them back until he returned to the place where he had begun. Then he washed his feet.” The muhaddithun narrated this hadith from Imam Malik.
Research and takhrij:
وفي رواية خالد الواسطي فى الحديث: ثم أدخل يده فاستخرجها، فمضمض . واستنشق من كف واحد، ففعل ذلك ثلاثا ))
In the narration of Khalid al-Wasiti: “Then he put his hand in, took it out, rinsed his mouth and sniffed water into his nose from one handful; he did this three times.” These are the same words in Sahih al-Bukhari.
Research and takhrij:
وفي رواية وهيب فى هذا الحديث: فمضمض واستنشق واستنثر من ثلاث غرفات))
In the narration of Wuhayb: “He rinsed his mouth, put water into his nose and blew it out, with three handfuls.” Agreed upon.
Research and takhrij: Bukhari: 186; Muslim: 235.
وفي رواية سليمان بن بلال فى هذا الحديث أيضا : ((تمضمض (واستنشق) (واستنتر) ثلاث مرات من غرفة واحدة ))
In the hadith narrated by Sulayman ibn Bilal: “He rinsed his mouth, put water into his nose and blew it out, three times from one handful.” Bukhari.
وفي رواية واسع بن حبان: ((ومسح رأسه بماء غير فضل يديه وغسل رحليه حتى أنقاهما ))
In the narration of Wasi’ ibn Hibban: “He wiped his head with water that was not the excess of his two hands, and washed his two feet until he had cleaned them.” Muslim.
Research and takhrij:
وروى عمرو بن شعيب، عن أبيه عن جده أن رجلا أتى النبى صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم فقال : يارسول الله كيف الطهور؟ فدعا بماء فى إناء فغسل كفيه ثلاثا ثم غسل وجهه ثلاثا ثم غسل ذراعيه ثلاثا ثم مسح برأسه فأدخل إصبعيه السباحتين فى أذنيه، ومسح بإبهاميه على ظاهر أذنيه وبالسباحتين باطن أذنيه، ثم غسل رحليه ثلاثا (ثلاثا) ثم قال: ((هكذا الوضوء، فمن زاد على هذا أو نقص فقد أساء وظلم، أو ظلم وأساء ))
Amr ibn Shu’ayb narrated from his father, from his grandfather, that a man came to the Prophet ﷺ and said: “O Messenger of Allah, how is purification (tuhur) done?” He asked for water in a vessel, washed his palms three times, then washed his face three times, then washed his arms three times, then wiped his head, then put his two index fingers into his two ears, wiped the outer parts of his ears with his two thumbs and the inner parts of his ears with his two index fingers, then washed his feet three times. Then he said: “This is how wudu is done. Whoever adds to this or subtracts from it has done wrong and acted unjustly,” or he said: “has acted unjustly and done wrong.” Abu Dawud narrated this hadith, and its chain up to Amr ibn Shu’ayb is sahih.
Research and takhrij: This hadith is hasan.
Benefits:
➊ Wudu is the first condition for prayer. If “wudu” is pronounced with a fatha on the waw, it means water; with a kasra on the waw, it means the vessel; and with a damma on the waw, it means the act performed for purity before prayer.
➋ No Companion devised a method of wudu of his own; the wudu of all of them is the same as what Muhammad ﷺ taught. The Companions are trustworthy.
As Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) said after performing wudu, that he had seen the Messenger of Allah ﷺ perform wudu in exactly this way. This also establishes that a teacher or other guide may describe the method of wudu and prayer in order to teach. Likewise, if a student or another person does not know the method of wudu, they may ask the current imam.
➌ The number of times each limb should be washed is established from the hadith, and the extent to which it should be washed is also explained. After a satisfactory wudu, praying two rak’ahs in which no improper thoughts arise erases previous sins; that is, excellent wudu is an expiation for sin. An act that conforms to the Sunnah and is performed correctly is accepted by Allah; but if it conforms to the Sunnah without being performed correctly, or is performed correctly without conforming to the Sunnah, such an act is deficient.
➍ Separate water should be taken for wudu, and caution in the use of water should be observed, even if it is from a flowing river. After the wudu that the Prophet ﷺ demonstrated, any reduction or addition to it is injustice and sin.
